Zhou Fu

Zhou Fu

Zhou Fu

(1837-september 22, 1921) < / I >, with the word Yushan and the name Lanxi, was posthumously named Harcourt Shen. Anhui Zhide (now Anhui Dongzhi) people. In his early years, he failed in the examination many times, so he joined the army and became an official in the Huaijun army. Later, he was promoted to be a county magistrate, a county magistrate, a Zhili Prefecture magistrate, and a prefecture magistrate. In 1870, he stayed in Zhili as a Taoist to make up for his position. During this period, he actively planned to establish the Beiyang Navy. At the same time, he also founded Tianjin military academy, the first military academy in China. In 1877, he was appointed as Yongding river channel; in 1881, he was appointed as Tianjin Customs Road; in nine years, he was also appointed as Tianjin bingbei road; in ten years, he was ordered by Li Hongzhang to train civilian ships in Bohai Sea; in 1888, he was promoted to Zhili inspector general. After the outbreak of the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, he was appointed Prime Minister of the former enemy battalion office. After Maguan negotiated peace, he was asked to be removed because he was ill.

Zhou Fuchu was Li Hongzhang's official document. He helped Li Hongzhang to set up the Westernization Movement for more than 30 years. He played an important role in the founding of Beiyang Navy, Wubei school, Tianjin telegraph office and Kaiping coal mine. He was the actual operator of the Westernization Movement in the later period. He also helped to set up Fudan public school (the predecessor of Fudan University) and Anhui public school, and contributed to education.

brief introduction

Zhou Fu (1837-1921.9.22), named Yushan and Lanxi, was a native of Zhide County, Anhui Province. Her daughter married yuan Kezhen, the eighth son of Yuan Shikai. All students come from different backgrounds. At the end of Xianfeng, he avoided war and turned to Anqing, the provincial capital. In the spring of 1862, Li Hongzhang formed the Huai army. Zhou Fu's recruitment won Li Hongzhang's appreciation, that is, "recruiting to handle copywriting.". Since then, he has followed Li Hongzhang in his Westernization work for more than 30 years, and he has been highly dependent on many paintings. So he moved from alternate county to fengjiang official, and became a person of great achievements and influence in Huaixi group. His son, Zhou Xuexi, whose name is Jizhi and his name is Zhian, was an industrialist in modern China and the first president of Shandong University.

Achievements

Take part in military affairs

In the summer of the first year of Tongzhi, Zeng Guofan, governor of the two rivers, sent Li Hongzhang to lead the Huai army to Shanghai to defend the Taiping army from attacking Shanghai. Li Hongzhang, acting governor and Minister of Commerce of Jiangsu Province, sent Zhou Fu to handle the copywriting. In the following year, Li Hongzhang led the Huai army to attack the Taiping Army in the Soviet Union and Changzhou. Zhou Fu accompanied him with a letter from the governor, and consulted on military affairs.

In April 1865, Li Hongzhang replaced Zeng Guofan as governor of Liangjiang, and played Bao Zhou Fu as governor of Jiangsu Province. In the winter of 1867, Li Hongzhang was ordered to supervise the division and went to Henan and Shandong to fight against the Nien army. Zhou Fu was unable to go because he was responsible for the affairs of Jinling Rehabilitation Engineering Bureau and his father was worried.

In 1886, de Cuilin, the tax department of Tianjin Customs, and Zhou Fu, the director of Tianjin Customs, planned to build "Bowen academy" in liangjiayuan outside Daying gate of Tianjin (now Tianjin Haihe middle school).

In 1871, Li Hongzhang was transferred from governor of Huguang to governor of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang trade. He sent Zhou Fu to Tianjin to plan the Xigu project of Tianjin. At that time, Zhili was hit by floods, Yongding river burst in many places, and Beijing and Tianjin almost became a prosperous country. The security of the capital was threatened. Li Hongzhang had just become governor of Zhili when he was hit by this disaster. He was very frightened and sent Zhou Fu to take charge of the blocking and repairing works. Zhou Fu was able to prepare materials for his work, and "ran all day long in the mud" and "supervised the work day and night, even though there was a big storm, he did not rest a little". He soon completed the repair of the crevasse at Lugou Bridge's big stone dam. Li Hongzhang was very satisfied with the progress of the project, so he tried his best to keep Zhou Fu in Zhili. Zhou Fu deployed Yongding River in 1877.

Flood control

Zhou Fu had been an official in Zhili for more than 20 years. In case of flood, he participated in the planning and management. He was well aware that Yongding River was the most difficult to control the floods in Zhili. "It was decided in 1989 that the cost of every flood was more than 200000 or 300000 yuan, less than 100000 yuan, and the relief was tens of thousands. The successive governors suffered." he thought that in order to cure the Yongding River, the related rivers must also be managed at the same time. Therefore, he also managed the rivers in Tianjin and Tongzhou, which greatly reduced the flood in Zhili.

Main stages

The first year of Guangxu

In the winter of the first year of Guangxu (1875), Li Hongzhang appointed Zhou Fu to set up the coastal defense support Bureau, which was responsible for the collection and release of military salaries of Beiyang Navy. He "painstakingly studied painting" to ensure the supply of military pay. In the summer of 1878, Zhou Fuding's mother returned home. Shen Baozhen, the governor of Liangjiang, advised him to stay in Jiangsu Province to repair the Jinling City wall. Zhou Fujian said: "Li Xiangguo treated me the most. Since I came out of the mountain, Anke abandoned the north and the south for no reason. The source of a husband is his righteousness. What's the matter with him? " In April 1881, Ding you returned to the coastal defense support Bureau. Shuijin Customs Road. In December, with Li Hongzhang, Ma Jianzhong and US governor Schaeffer, the DPRK US trade treaty was negotiated. In his draft invitation, he insisted on the position that "North Korea is a state of China", but because the United States did not accept it, the Chinese authorities also failed to insist on it, which pushed North Korea into the semi colonial abyss of being slaughtered by foreign powers. Every time Zhou Fu recalled this, he felt deeply sorry.

March of the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu

In March of the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Li Hongzhang and Ding's mother returned home, and Zhang Shusheng, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, was responsible for the vacancy. Zhang was unfamiliar with all kinds of affairs, so he often negotiated with Zhou Fu, who had been in the Huai army for a long time, and had a good relationship with other officers and men. As a result, he took charge of negotiation, business and coastal defense affairs with Tianjin Customs Road Association as the Tianjin business office and Beiyang camp wing leader.

Summer of the 10th year of Guangxu

In the summer of the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the Sino French war broke out and the coastal defense was tight. The Qing government ordered Li Hongzhang to send a Commissioner to strengthen the defense in Haikou area of Bohai Bay. Li Hongzhang appointed Zhou Fu to supervise this matter by "following the camp for many years, being familiar with the project and studying the mind and tactics". From May to July, Zhou Fu traveled all day in the northern and southern passes of Haikou. On the one hand, he "contacted the battalion generals, supervised the local civil and military forces, compiled and inspected civilian ships, and strictly prohibited collusion"; on the other hand, he supervised the generals, carefully surveyed the ports and fortresses, drew the general map of Beiyang, and drew the sub maps of Dagu, Beitang, Yingkou, Lushun, Dalian, Yantai and Dengzhou Model for presentation.

In the same year, Zhou Fu would set up a telegraph office and set up a telegraph line from Beitang to Shanhaiguan. In the summer of the next year, Fengwei was preparing to build Tianjin military preparation school, which was "the beginning of the founding of China's military preparation school". In October, he took part in the Sino French negotiation and drafted the articles of Association for Sino French businessmen to conduct trade on the Vietnamese border.

Spring of the 12th year of Guangxu

In the spring of the 12th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Zhou Fu invited Li Hongzhang to build Jixian Academy in Tianjin to recruit tourists from all over the world. In order to cultivate talents proficient in foreign languages, the academies of culture and museum were also built. In April, the prime minister, Prince Chun of naval affairs, was ordered to patrol Beiyang coastal defense, with more than 230 subordinates, including civil and military officials and public servants. Li Hongzhang gave a grand reception to Prince Chun, and Zhou Fu was responsible for the event. Zhou Fu not only made elaborate arrangements for various reception etiquette, accommodation arrangements, patrol routes and review procedures, but also accompanied Prince chun to Dagu, Lushun, Dalian, Weihai and Jiaozhou Bay with Li Hongzhang to inspect the Navy's live ammunition exercises and discuss defense matters. At the same time, he also personally wrote the diary of Prince Chun Xian's inspection of Beiyang coastal defense, which describes in detail all the activities of Prince Chun's inspection day by day. Prince Chun was very satisfied with the arrangement of Zhou Fu's tour, so he stayed in Zhili to make up for it.

In May, Zhou Fu saw that "the transportation of coal in Tangshan is slow and can't meet the needs of the warships in time", that is to say, he asked to create the tangxu railway and start the commercial railway in China. Later, he asked to create Tianjin Shanhaiguan railway and supervise the construction of Tianjin Xilin section.

In August, the Ministry of the people's Republic of China took the Tianjin Customs as an example to show that the number of cases of foreign drugs taxed did not match the number of cases. Li Hongzhang was very angry about this, and thought that the Ministry of household affairs was deliberately restraining him. That is to say, we would like to withdraw our participation in the case on the basis of the fact that Tianjin Customs has imposed a tax rate on foreign drugs, such as "the number of cases is not short", "it is found that there is no malpractice" and so on. At the same time, Li Hongzhang wrote a letter to the Minister of the Ministry of industry and the Ministry of official to explain the situation and hope to be fair. Later, under the protection of Li Hongzhang, Zhou Fu's participation was withdrawn. In October, Zhou Fu dispatched Changlu salt envoy.

The 14th year of Guangxu

In March of the 14th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Zhou Fu was promoted to the post of commander in chief of Zhili. In June, when he arrived in Beijing, Prince Chun also met with him many times to discuss the naval charter in detail. In April of the next year, "the Ministry of household affairs lost a lot of land under the banner of Zhili. It neither paid rent nor completed grain. It was better to check and return to the government to make up for the shortage.". Li Hongzhang appointed Zhou Fu and his vassal, song Chun, to set up the Qing Fu Bureau in Zhili, to formulate the "Qing Fu regulations" and to carry out investigation.

The 16th year of Guangxu

In September 1890, Zhou Fu went to Lushun to inspect and accept the dock project, so as to supervise the completion of the dock on schedule. The next year, Zhou Fu accompanied Li Hongzhang to inspect the Beiyang Navy. He felt that the current situation was difficult. Once there was a war, his defense would be worried. In view of this, he once told Li Hongzhang that "the navy of Beiyang has spent tens of thousands of dollars. If we only buy these ships, we can't add any more. According to the example of foreign navies, we can't form a team. If something happens, an Neng will fight against it! " He believed that the officials of the imperial court were all scholars. They didn't understand military affairs and had no foresight. If they were willing to expand their army and increase their expenses, they would be called "futile labor". If they were poor and weak, they would return to Beiyang. At that time, they were hard to complain. "If you don't take this leisure time, please tell us that the Navy should be expanded, the funds should not be saved, the current affairs should not be predicted, and the friendship of all countries should not be relied on. Please ask the Ministry to do it quickly.". "It's a great plan for the country to do so. Fortunately, if it doesn't work, I can stand on the stage. Otherwise, people will say that we have made mistakes in the affairs of our country. ". Li Hongzhang lamented: "this great policy must be decided by the imperial court, and I will stop here

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Fu