Liang Zhangju

Liang Zhangju

Liang Zhangju

(1775-1849), the word Hongzhong, also the word Mianlin, the name Mianlin, the name tui'an, the name of tui'an, the name of tui'an, the name of tui'an. His ancestral home is Changle County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province (now Changle District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province). He was born in Fucheng, Fuzhou. His ancestors moved to Fuzhou in the early Qing Dynasty.

He once served as governor of Jiangsu, governor of Gansu, governor of Guangxi, governor of Jiangsu, etc. Shangshu was a staunch anti British anti smoking faction, who advocated heavy control of opium hoarding and trafficking places, stressed that "the practice of law must begin with the official", and actively cooperated with Lin Zexu in banning opium. He was also the first governor to put forward the idea of "Taking Hong Kong as the main task" to the imperial court. He is an official with outstanding achievements and popular support.

In his later years, he was engaged in poetry works, and wrote nearly 70 kinds of poetry in his whole life. He has made great contributions to the creation and research of couplets, and is the founder of the study of couplets.

Life of the characters

Liang Zhangju grew up in the family of "scholarly world industry" since Ming and Qing Dynasties. He was "young and enlightened". He studied from his mother at the age of four and could write poems at the age of nine.

Qianlong 54 years (1789), 15-year-old scholar.

Qianlong 59 years (1794), 20-year-old Zhongju people.

In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), he became a Jinshi at the age of 28.

Jiaqing ten years (1805) began to be the principal of the Ministry of rites.

In 1807, he held the chair of Nanpu Academy in Pucheng.

In the 13th year of Jiaqing (1808), Zhang Shicheng, the governor of Fujian Province, worked with Lin Zexu.

In 1816, Zhang Jing, a military aircraft, was selected and named in the first volume.

Jiaqing 23 years (1818), through the examination of military aircraft Zhang Jing, into the direct military office.

In the first year of Daoguang (1821), he was promoted to wailang, a member of the Ministry of rites, and was appointed as the editor of Tongli Hall of the Qing Dynasty and the general plan Hall of the inner court.

In the second year of Daoguang (1822), he was granted the title of governor of Jingzhou, Hubei Province, and Jing Yi Shi Dao. He was promoted to Huaihai River affairs, and served as an official of Jiangsu Province.

Daoguang five years (1825), the General Administration of the management of transport of grain, as the inspector general of Shandong. The next year, he was transferred to Jiangsu Province. He worked in Jiangsu Province for eight years and served as governor for four times.

Daoguang 11 years (1831), Jianghuai flood, he led a clean fundraising. In the same year, Lianhu brand dam was restored, and funds were raised to build the three rivers of Mengdu, Desheng and Yaogang.

In April of the 12th year of Daoguang (1832), please go back to Fuzhou to recuperate.

Daoguang 15 years (1835), was called to Beijing, granted Gansu buzhengshi. The next year, he was promoted to governor of Guangxi and also to the Department of academic administration.

In 1838, Shangshu advocated the heavy control of opium hoarding and trafficking places, stressed that "the law must start from the official", and actively cooperated with Lin Zexu to strictly order the officials of Wuzhou and Xunzhou to arrest the tobacco dealers, and adopted 10 continuous protection laws to eliminate multiple cultivation of opium poppy.

In 1841, he personally led the troops to defend Wuzhou, and increased the troops to Xunzhou and Nanning, transporting artillery to support the defense of Guangzhou. Zeng Shangshu criticized Qishan for "opening the door to thieves" in Guangdong and praised the people's struggle against Britain in Sanyuanli. He was the first to propose to the imperial court that "Hong Kong should be taken as the first task". In the same year, he was transferred to the governor of Jiangsu Province and led his troops to Shanghai. Together with the Jiangnan Governor Chen Huacheng, he deployed anti British forces and organized regiments in Baoshan, Shanghai, Chuansha, Taicang, Nanhui, Jiading and other places to set up strict defenses, so that the British did not dare to act rashly. In August of the same year, Yu Qian, governor of Liangjiang, committed suicide and was appointed to act as governor of Liangjiang and salt administration of Lianghuai. Within a few days, he was ordered to return to Suzhou to handle the grain production. November disease, special fold play, please open the lack of conditioning.

In the first month of the 22nd year of Daoguang (1842), Liang Zhangju lived in Yangzhou with his family. In May, he crossed Jiangnan and returned to Pucheng, Fujian Province. At this time, although he was sick and resigned, he still thought of his country. On the way, Niu Jian, the governor of the two rivers, felt very heavy when he heard that the British army had invaded the Yangtze River, and that Zhenjiang had fallen. When he arrived in Pucheng, he heard that the British were going to set up a wharf in Fuzhou. Liu Hongao, governor of Fujian Province, had written to Liu Hongao immediately to tell him the harm. He pointed out: "if this situation is successful, there are some disadvantages that can not be described."

Liang Zhangju lived in Pucheng for four years. In 1846, Daoguang moved to Yangzhou.

In 1847, his third son Liang Gongchen acted as the magistrate of Wenzhou, and Liang Zhangju went to Wenzhou with him. Daoguang 29 years (1849) died in June.

Character evaluation

Liang Zhangju was not only a statesman with great achievements in Qing Dynasty, but also a scholar and litterateur with outstanding achievements. He was diligent in writing all his life, with vast volumes and rich subjects, involving politics and economy, culture and history, textual research records, notes, science and technology, literature and art, etc. Many of his works fill the gaps in different fields. His poetry records his own life course and reflects the changes of modern history before and after the Opium War. On Liang Zhangju's 70th birthday, a congratulatory couplet written by his good friend Wang Shulan gave a very appropriate overview of his life experience and achievements: "at the age of 20, he ascended the third place, returned to the court at the age of 40, went out to guard at the age of 50, opened his residence at the age of 60, and returned to the field at the age of 70. It should be noted that since then, he will be free and happy, and a generation of well-off people will spend more time in leisure. It is as simple as a saying, as detailed as essays, as extensive as circumstantial evidence, as selective learning, as skillful as couplet words, as high as He is good at the famous mountains

Offspring

Zheng Qiqing, the wife of Liang Zhangju, was the eldest daughter of Zheng Guangce, a Jinshi. They got married at the end of the first year of Jiaqing (1796).

Liang Zhangju had five sons and four daughters: his eldest son Liang FengChen, his second son Liang Dingchen, his third son Liang Gongchen, his fourth son Liang Yingchen and his fifth son Liang Jingchen; his eldest daughter Liang Lansheng, his second daughter Liang Lantai, his third daughter Liang Lanfang and his fourth daughter Liang Lanheng.

During the period of the Republic of China, Liang Hongzhi was the great grandson of Liang Zhangju.

Anecdotes of characters

About 40 years

In the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, about 200 years ago, Liang Zhangju, a man from Fuzhou who became a feudal official, and Liang Zhangju, who had been a good scholar for three years, suddenly went back to his hometown on leave for 10 years. During this period, he went to Pucheng, a remote county in Western Fujian Province to preside over the lecture of Nanpu Academy. Once, he visited Wuyi nearby. After returning to Pucheng, he visited his teacher, Mr. zufangzhai Shangshu. It happened that Mr. zufangzhai had just visited Wuyi. In the chat, Mr. Zu said that when he was in Wuyi Mountain, he spent the night at Tianyou temple. He once dreamed that he was flying from Tianyou peak to Yandang, "the dream is very strange.". Mr. Zu asked Liang Zhangju, "can you discipline it for me?" What Mr. Zu means is that he has never been to Yandang. He hopes his students can describe the real scene of Yandang and confirm his dream. At that time, Liang Zhangju never swam in Yandang, but he promised to go there. It happened that Mr. Zu had two Yandang Mountain records on his desk, so he borrowed them to read them. He was very happy when he read them.

At that time, Liang Zhangju was only in his early 30s. However, when he really came to practice Yandang's appointment, it was the 28th year of Daoguang (1848). In a flash of more than 40 years, he had become an old man and retired for a long time. In the 27th year of Daoguang's reign, Liang Gongchen, his third son, who served as a magistrate in Wenzhou, welcomed him to Wenzhou and built a drama hall for him following the story of Zhao Qing's father and son in Song Dynasty. During his stay in Wenzhou, Liang Zhangju wrote a lot of works, among which there are many records about Wenzhou in Langji congtan, xutan and Santan.

In Wenzhou, Yandang is not far away.

In the spring of the 28th year of Daoguang, Cai Qi, a native of Anqing, the county magistrate of Yueqing, wrote a letter to invite Liang Zhangju, a respected man and his own teacher, to visit Yandang. Liang Zhangju was the master of CAI Weixin, the governor of Liuzhou, Cai Qi's father. Cai Qi served Liang as a late student. This apprentice sun knows how to be filial to his teacher. Zeng Yi wrote two poems about the dried fragrant fish produced in Shimen pond of Yandang Mountain. With Cai Qi as host and tour guide, Liang Zhangju is happy to visit Yandang in March of the lunar calendar. Accompanied by his two sons, Feng Mao, the painter in the screen, and Liao Shoupeng, the Wei Shou mansion in Wenzhou. A group of people along the Oujiang River downstream to Guantou, and then sit Jianyu to Yueqing county to meet Cai Qi. On the 24th, the county was stagnated due to rain. On the morning of the 25th, I left for lunch in Hongqiao, passed yaoaoling, and stayed in Furong Village in the evening. On the morning of the 26th, you will cross danfangling to the West Inner Valley, you will visit Nengren temple and dalongqiu, and in the afternoon, you will cross MaAnLing to the East Inner Valley, you will visit Lingyan and Jingming. When they had dinner in Jingming temple, they discussed about the inscription of Leshi. On the 27th, you will visit Lingfeng, xiegongling, Shiliang cave in the East. At noon, you will arrive at Dajing and live in the garrison. On the 28th, I got up in the morning, followed Baixi, Qingjiang and Hongqiao, and returned to Yueqing County in the evening. 29 along the original road back to Wenzhou.

Liang Zhangju's trip to the wild goose took 7 days. It was only 2 days in the mountains. From the West Valley to the East Valley, the essence of the Yandang Mountain was swallowed by two spirits and one dragon. The 74 year old man was rarely in high spirits. In his diary on the 26th, he wrote about the scene of climbing the dragon's nose Cave: "all my friends ascended from the moss and talc, Jia Yong. I also helped him to pick his clothes, and forced him to follow. I was really exhausted and couldn't help it. More than ten years later, it began to reach its broadness.... " The image of the old man struggling to climb the mountain is very vivid.

Maybe the scenery of Yandang Mountain is too eye-catching. Mr. Liang was greedy of the scenery all the way and forgot to write poems. When he got home, his daughter and daughter-in-law asked him for poetry, but he didn't answer. It turns out that Liang's family was elegant, and her eldest daughter Liang LAN Province in Wenzhou and her third daughter-in-law Wan Hui could all write poems. Conscious of shame, Liang Zhangju wrote in his diary: "looking back on the famous mountains in his life, there are many poems about them. Only when Yandang doesn't leave a word, the mountain spirit laughs at my aging. It's a song of growing up. It's not about the scenery, but about the events. The speaker says, "the rest of the poems are about mountain tours." The old man felt that if he didn't write a poem for Yandang, he would not be able to account to his family, and he was even more sorry for Yandang Mountain, for fear that the mountain god would scoff at his aging. So he wrote a seven character poem. The so-called "forbidden style" is not to do according to the routine (mountain poetry rather than scenery). In Poetry

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