Du Xiang

Du Xiang

Ming Dynasty Suzhou mansion Changzhou people, the word Gong Xu. Less from Kunshan Zhang He. Jingtai five years Jinshi. He was once the magistrate of you county. He is a man of leisure and talent, but not a man of ambition. He goes to and fro in the rivers and lakes with love, poetry and wine. He called himself the drunk old man of the West Lake, tasted the poems written by Chibi, and was called "Du Chibi". There is a collection of songs of Chu traveling in Jiangsu and Zhejiang.

brief account of the author's life

Du Xiang (Xi á ng) was born and died in an unknown year, the word public order, the number of West Lake drunk old. In the Ming Dynasty, a native of Suzhou, he studied in Kunshan and was famous for his poems during the reign of Jingtai. In the fifth year of Zong Jingtai in Ming Dynasty (1454), he became a Jinshi. He was once the magistrate of Youxian county. He was proud of his talent but failed to succeed. He abandoned his official position and traveled in the rivers and lakes. He called himself "drunk old man in the West Lake". Every time he passed the red cliff, he was called "Du Chibi".

Appreciation of poems

original text

【

Chibi

】When the water army goes down to the East, it's a magnificent picture, and the Yangtze River passes for thousands of miles. In Zhuge's heart there is a Han, but in Cao's eyes there is no Wu. The torches of the soldiers are fierce in the east wind, the sound of the flute is broken in the dream, and the moon is lonely in the night. If you can't look back, the gulls are full of smoke.

appreciation

This is a nostalgic poem written by the author when he passed through Chibi and recalled the great war that took place here 1200 years ago. The ancient battlefield of Chibi is 36 kilometers northwest of Puqi County, Hubei Province, on the South Bank of the Yangtze River. The Chibi that Du Xiang chanted is about another place, that is, the Chibi in Huangzhou (now Huanggang County, Hubei Province). Chibiji, a red rock in Chibi, Huangzhou, is named because its cliffs are close to the river. Because Su Shi visited this work before and after the "Chibi Fu" and "Chibi nostalgia · niannujiao" Ci, later generations also known as "Dongpo Chibi". In fact, no matter what the poet chants is Puqi red cliff or Huangzhou red cliff, they are just using the theme to express their "nostalgia for the ancient". As the Qing Dynasty poet Zhu Rirui said: "why ask the origin of Chibi? Dongpo originally borrowed mountains and rivers.". The poet climbed the mountain near the river, thought about it for thousands of years, and looked at the ancient and modern times, so he had this masterpiece. In the first five sentences of the poem, the author, with the help of a great master, casts a historical storm at the bottom of his writing and evaluates the influential heroes of that year from a certain angle. The battle of Chibi, which took place in October 208, the 13th year of Jian'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, was a major battle that played a decisive role in the historical situation of the Three Kingdoms. As a result, the sun and Liu allied forces, who were at a disadvantage, defeated Cao at one stroke, and thus became a famous example in history. This naturally left a lot of inspirational and emotional things. The first couplet is "the magnificent picture of the water army going down the East, and the boat sailing across the Yangtze River". With amazing artistic skill, the poet wrote Cao Jun's arrogance and prestige of going down the Yangtze River with the momentum of Taishan. At that time, Cao Cao's army broke through Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling. The warships connected thousands of miles, and the banners covered the air. His ambition was to smash the eastern Wu Dynasty, conquer the world, and swallow the eight wastelands, so as to achieve the cause of the emperor. However, the word "Ben" in the sentence clearly implies the historical ending that his arrogance will be defeated, and the "grand plan" will eventually come to nothing. "ZHUGE has a hollow heart, but Cao man has no Wu in his eyes", which is divided into two historical figures Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao. "There is a Han in the heart" means that Zhuge Liang's wisdom is in vain even if the throne of the Han Dynasty is about to die. In the couplet, Cao Cao's arrogance belittles the enemy. In the neck couplet, there is a sentence "the army is selling torches and the east wind is fierce", which describes the failure of Cao Jun. The following couplet "dream off the flute and the moon at night alone" is a big leap and turning point. The author moves the palace and changes the feathers, and the poem moves over 800 or 900 years. When he thinks of the Red Cliff legacy of the great Soviet Union, a kind of void and melancholy mood rises, and the poetic scene also changes from extensive to desolate. The images of "mengduan", "Xiaosheng" and "Yeyue" in the sentence are all derived from Su Shi's "qianchibi Fu". The two verses in this couplet are in sharp contrast. The first sentence is a scene of war in which thousands of sails vie for passage and the sky is full of smoke. The second sentence depicts a picture of the flute playing on a moonlit night in the Yangtze River. The reader hears that the sound of the flute "such as resentment, such as admiration, such as weeping, such as complaint, lingering sound, such as a wisp" flutters back and forth in his ears. From his meditation, the poet returned to the scenery in front of his eyes, which interested him: "if you can't look back here, the gulls are full of smoke." It is sad for the historical changes and the desolation of reality that it is hard to look back on. Those heroes of the Three Kingdoms era -- Cao Cao, the hero of a lifetime, Zhuge Liang, and Zhou Lang, who are resourceful and resourceful, are "safe today"! Even Su Shi and Ke Zi, who were boating on a moonlit night, playing flute in the wind and making great comments, had long been deserted. In the face of the desolate gulls and the cold smoke of the sad grass, the sentimental poet can look back on the past and look back on the present, but can he not feel full of emotion! What's more, the frustration of official career, the frustrations of life and the perverse fate To whom does a cavity of melancholy incline? At the end of the last sentence, the author's feelings are all in silence, which also gives the whole poem a sad mood woven by the sense of vicissitudes of history, the desolation of the universe and the short and insignificant sigh of life. the poem is full of ups and downs, majestic momentum, and gloomy emotion. It reads like hearing the pipa on the iron plate, and then turns into a leisurely clear bell. It is said that it was widely spread at that time, and the author was also called "Du Chibi".

Chinese PinYin : Du Xiang