Li Shen
Li Shen
Li Shen (772-846), whose name is gongchui, was born in the ancient town of Qiaoxian, Bozhou City (now the ancient town of Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province). Tang Dynasty prime minister, poet, Zhongshu Ling Li Jingxuan great grandson.
Li Shen lost his father at the age of six and moved to Wuxi with his mother. In the first year of Yuanhe (806) of emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, he became a Jinshi and a teaching assistant to the son of the state. He successively served as the governor, Huainan Jiedushi, Zhongshu Shilang, youpushe, Shilang under the door, Sikong Gong and so on, and was conferred the title of Duke of Zhao. In the 15th year of Yuanhe (820), he was involved in the struggle between Niu and Li, and was an important figure of Li (Deyu) party. Huichang six years (846) died in Yangzhou, posthumous title "Wen Su".
Li Shen had a close relationship with Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, and was an advocator and participant of the new Yuefu movement. There are 20 pieces of Yuefu xinti, which have been lost. When he was young, he saw the peasants working all day without food and clothing. With sympathy and indignation, he wrote "two poems of compassion for the peasants", which spread widely and was praised as a poet of compassion for the peasants. There are three volumes of poems about the past and one volume of Miscellaneous Poems in Quan Tang Shi, which is now compiled into four volumes. In addition, yingyingge is preserved in Xixiangji zhugongdiao.
Life of the characters
Lost parents in childhood
In 772, Li Shen was born in Wucheng County, Huzhou (now Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province). At that time, his father worked in Wucheng County, and Li Shen was born in Wucheng county.
In the eighth year of Dali (773), Li Shen suffered from severe breast disease and recovered seven days later.
In the 12th year of Dali (777), his father died, and his mother Lu taught him to learn the classics.
Around the second year of Zhenyuan (786), he studied in Wuxi Huishan temple at the age of 15 or 16.
Youth Friendship
In 791, Li Shen visited Wucheng county again.
In the 10th year of Zhenyuan (794), Wei Xiaqing, the governor of Suzhou, was known for his poems in this year or later.
In the fourteenth year of Zhenyuan (798), he went to Chang'an to be a scholar and met LV Wen. His poem "two poems of compassion for farmers" was appreciated by LV Wen.
In the 16th year of Zhenyuan (800 years), he traveled to the Tiantai east to know monks and practice. There are poems such as Huading, Beifeng huangdaoshi thatched cottage and four masters in Jingyuan of Longgong temple.
In the autumn of 801, he went to Chang'an for an exam and met Han Yu.
In 802, Han Yu recommended Li Shen to Lu Yu. Li Shen was defeated and returned to Jiangnan to visit Jiangsu and Zhejiang. He met Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi because of the examination in the same year.
In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Li Shen lived in Suzhou as a guest and wrote Suzhou dragon painting.
In the 20th year of Zhenyuan (804), he stayed in Chang'an with Yuan Zhen in September. He talked about Cui YingYing and wrote yingyingge. Yuan Zhen wrote Yingzhuan.
To become an official in the prime of life
In the first year of Yuanhe (806), Li Shen was a Jinshi in the examination and was a teaching assistant of Guozi. Later, he left Beijing to Jinling and joined the shogunate of Li Kai, the Jiedu envoy. He was jailed for his dissatisfaction with Li Kai's conspiracy to rebel. After being killed, Li Kai was released and returned to Huishan temple in Wuxi to study.
In the fourth year of Yuanhe (809), he went to Chang'an as a scholar. He, together with Yuanzhen and Bai Juyi, advocated the new Yuefu Poetry Style (known as the new Yuefu movement in History). He wrote 20 new Yuefu Poems.
In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819), it was promoted to Youshi.
In 820, he was a Bachelor of Hanlin. He was involved in the party struggle between Niu and Li. He was an important figure in the Party of Li (Deyu). He was appointed as Zhongcheng of the imperial censor and Minister of the Ministry of household. Together with Li Deyu and Yuan Zhen, they are known as "three heroes".
In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Li Dang lost power and Li Shen was demoted as Sima of Duanzhou (now Zhaoqing, Guangdong). During his exile, Li Shen wrote a lot of poems describing the difficult and dangerous road and venting his resentment.
From the first year of Baoli (825) to the fourth year of Taihe (830), he successively served as the governor of Jiangzhou, Chuzhou and Shouzhou.
In the seventh year of Taihe (833), Li Deyu was the prime minister, and Li Shen was appointed as the observation envoy of eastern Zhejiang.
In the first year of Kaicheng (836), he served as Yin of Henan Province (the officer in charge of Luoyang, the eastern capital). He was also appointed as governor of bianzhou, Jiedushi of Xuanwu army, and bianying observation envoy of song Hao.
In August of the third year of Kaicheng (838), he compiled three volumes of travel poems after the past and wrote a preface. The preface of the poem describes the experience from childhood to entering Bianzhi.
Pay homage to the prime minister in his old age
In the fifth year of Kaicheng (840), Li Shen was appointed as the governor of Huainan. Later, he went to Beijing to worship the prime minister. He served as the Minister of Zhongshu and the Minister of tongzhongshu. Then he was promoted to the minister youpushe and the Minister of Zhongshu, and became the Duke of Zhao. Four years. In the fourth year of Huichang (844), he resigned because of apoplexy. Later, he served as the governor of Huainan.
In 846, he died in Yangzhou at the age of 75. To Taiwei, posthumous Wensu.
Main impact
Li Shen experienced ups and downs of official life, and the "struggle between Niu and Li" in the middle Tang Dynasty almost accompanied his political life. Although he was honored as prime minister in the end, Li Shen's main achievement was his literary creation. He was one of the participants of the new Yuefu movement which had a great influence in the history of Chinese literature.
Li Shen's poetry can be roughly divided into two periods, with his banishment to Duanzhou as the dividing line. In the early stage, under the influence of the Confucian thought of "helping the world" and "benefiting things", with strong political enthusiasm, while inheriting the spirit of realism in the book of songs, he actively studied from the folk. Poetry pays attention to the society, reflects the reality, and satirizes current affairs. It has strong political utilitarianism, so its form is relatively simple, and its language is easy to understand, showing the characteristics of simple style With the change of the political situation and the ups and downs of personal official life, the object of concern has changed from extroversion to introvertion, focusing on expressing one's own personal interests and expressing one's own feelings. To adapt to it, the form of poetry is also diverse, and it pays attention to the use of artistic techniques. The artistic conception is deep and obscure, and it attaches importance to refining words and forging sentences, showing elegant and colorful style characteristics.
Li Shen was one of the advocators of the "new Yuefu movement". He was the first poet in the Tang Dynasty who consciously distinguished himself from the traditional Yuefu with "xinti Yuefu". He once wrote 20 pieces of "xinti Yuefu". Yuan Zhen and 12, namely "He Li School Book New Title Yuefu 12", the preface said: "to your friend Li gongchui, Fu to Yuefu new title 20, elegant has the so-called, not empty for the text, to take the disease is particularly urgent, list and with it." In this spirit, Bai Juyi wrote 50 poems and renamed them "new Yuefu". Twenty new Yuefu Poems Written by Yuan Zhen and Li Shen have been lost. His two poems of compassion for the peasants, which were cast as aphorisms, were not included in the "new Yuefu Ci" in the Yuefu Poetry Anthology by Guo Maoqian. In fact, they are authentic new Yuefu and masterpieces in the new Yuefu movement.
Li Shen "was the pioneer of the new Yuefu movement and also contributed to the development of long narrative poems in Tang Dynasty" (literary history of Tang Dynasty, edited by Wu gengshun and others). In the middle Tang Dynasty, narrative poetry was more developed. Li Shen, together with Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, contributed to the development of narrative poetry. The achievement and influence of Li Shen's long narrative poems are second only to Yuanbai. Like Yuan Zhen's Huizhen poem, mengyouchun, Lianchang palace Ci, Bai Juyi's song of everlasting regret and Pipa Xing, Li Shen's narrative poems such as yingyingge and beishancai are representative works of long narrative poems in the middle Tang Dynasty. Yingyingge is related to Yuan Zhen's legendary novel yingyingzhuan. The story is laid out in long poems, which not only has a tortuous and moving plot, but also has a very detailed description of the characters, which is one of the creative bases of the later romance of the west chamber.
At the age of 67, Li Shen compiled his own poetry anthology, travel poems in pursuit of the past, which recounts his life experiences and travels in various genres, and expresses his nostalgia and sense of prosperity and decline. Many of them are landscape paintings recalling his travels all over the world. These works have certain artistry.
The famous prose of Li Shen is Han Song Fu. This is a lyric ode. The author is in adversity. On the one hand, he expresses his anger and determination to "drive lightning and evil spirits away". On the other hand, he also shows that he should sharpen his moral integrity, be proud of the frost and snow, resist the severe cold, and stand tall without changing his loyal nature. The author is deeply resentful of the experience of the pine trees born in the secluded stream, who are not aware when they are the pillars, but feel strange when they are exposed to frost and snow. The whole Fu is short in length, but it also imitates the form of Han Fu. Pianli sentences are often used in Fu, but not all of them are four or six sentence patterns. The language is popular and plain, and few allusions are used. It can be said that it is the unique Fu of a generation.
Historical evaluation
Biography of Li Shen in the new book of Tang Dynasty He is short and pithy. He is most famous for his poems, which is called "short Li".
Ji Yougong's chronicle of Tang Poetry: during the period of Kaicheng, the gentry collected his poems as a journey to the past. When he sighed about the passing of his life, he wrote them out of sorrow and hatred. There are long sentences, five words, miscellaneous words, songs, chants, and music in the whole Liang Dynasty. From Liang and Han Dynasties to Jianyuan and shenghanyuan, they were grateful to meet the emperor of song and the scenery of Beijing; they were slandered and spread over Jingchu, Xiangyuan and Lingqiao, and arrived at huangzou and Gaoan; they moved Jiujiang, pan Wuhu, Zhongling, Jingjiang, chuyang and Shouchun; they changed their guests and stayed in Luoyang, likuaiji and Meili; they were slandered and divided their affairs for the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; they were promoted to Sichuan and lived in Yiliang. Ci has its own feelings, and its prosperity comes from resentment. Therefore, it may be hidden or obvious, but it is not often said, hoping that a bosom friend will be known from time to time.
Mao Jin's Ji Gu Ge Shu Ba Zhui Xi You Ji: Shen is as famous as Li wenrao and Yuan Wei, and his name is yuan he San Jun In memory of you, I admire you with emotion. I wash the wind of Tang people's small Fu.
Hu Zhenheng's Tang Yingui signature and Li gongchui's travel poems after the past are hard to wake up from the dream of being an official. However, his writing style and the feeling of being poor and peaceful in Qu Bei's life also make the writters feel sad.
He Shang's another edition of Zaiyuan Poetry: short Li is conceited by singing, which is also called happy days. Lu Wen was seldom praised for his poems "compassion for the peasants". Today, the two great poems are widely spread. It is true that Lu's appreciation is true. Song line can not be seen again, only "chase the past travel collection" ears, quite physical.
Sikuquan
Chinese PinYin : Li Shen
Li Shen
