Lun Wenxu

Lun Wenxu

Lunwenxu (1467-1513), the word bochou, No. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Yong, Nanhai county (now Li Yong village, Shiwan Town Street, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province) was born.

In the 12th year of Hongzhi of emperor Xiaozong of Ming Dynasty (1499), he won the first place in the middle school examination and the palace examination, and won the first place in the examination. He died in 1513 at the age of 47. He is the author of Yuangang collection and Baisha collection.

(overview of Tulun Wenxu reference material source: Lunwen Xuxiang, Lunshi ancestral hall, Guangdong) < / I > the picture of Tulun Wenxu

Life of the characters

In 1467 (the third year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty), Lun Wenxu was born in Liyong village, Nanhai county (now Lanshi Liyong village, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province). He was born with a different appearance, with a skull circumference of 2 feet, and was nicknamed "big head boy". Lun Wenxu was poor when he was a child. His father, Lun Xian, worked as a farmer and a domestic helper. Later, he made a living by supporting ferries. His family was small enough to eat and clothe. Because of his low income, Lun Xian was unable to send his son to a private school. When Lun Wenxu was two or three years old, his father taught him to write, read and recite poems of the Tang and Song dynasties in his spare time. Over the years, he was able to recite dozens of poems fluently, and was good at writing. He also developed the habit of being diligent and inquisitive. When he was seven years old, because he often eavesdropped outside a private school in the village, the teacher was deeply moved and accepted him as a student for free. Because of his intelligence and studiousness, Lun Wenxu was able to write poems and couplets at the age of eight or nine. He always ranked first in every test, and was known as "prodigy", "urgent talent" and "ghost talent". After that, the teacher died of old age and illness, so Lun Wenxu left school, but he still managed to live by selling vegetables and studying Classics. In 1489 (the second year of Hongzhi), he went to the province to take an exam as a Confucian scholar. He was recognized by the imperial censor and was selected to study in Taixue. In 1499 (the 12th year of Hongzhi), he won the first place in both the imperial examination and the imperial examination, became the number one scholar, and was awarded the Imperial Academy's compilation. In 1506 (the first year of Zhengde), Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty succeeded to the throne and ordered him to go to Nanchong. On the way, Ding you didn't take office because of his father's death. In 1510 (the fifth year of Zhengde), he resumed his original position in the Imperial Academy and became a lecturer of Jingyan. Every time he spoke, he would expound the theory and enlighten the emperor. Soon after, Sheng youchunfang, Youyu de and Hanlin Shishuo, read the section "Shun has ministers and the world governs", which is full of satire. In the spring of 1513 (the eighth year of Zhengde), he compiled the Royal genealogy, recorded Jingqiao, and wrote rich and magnificent words. In the autumn of 1513 (the eighth year of Zhengde), he was appointed as the chief examiner of Yingtian examination. He got sick on his way back and died in Beijing at the age of 47.

Main impact

Chinese antithetical couplets begin with couplets and have a sense of rhythm. It began to prosper in the Tang Dynasty, matured in the song and Yuan Dynasties, and developed into a prosperous situation in the Ming Dynasty. Based on this, antithetical couplet reached its peak from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, and couplets emerged in large numbers, becoming a style comparable to Tang poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu and Ming novels. In the Ming Dynasty, the form of couplet creation was more flexible and free, and the sentence pattern of couplet broke the pattern of four, six, five and seven characters. It was bold and innovative. According to the requirements of the content, it was flexible to use long and short sentences, and there were long couplet, ingenious couplet and humorous couplet. Lun Wenxu is undoubtedly one of the best. Lunwenxu's achievement in couplets lies in that he not only brings the charm of couplets into full play, but also greatly expands the original artistic beauty of couplets. And rooted in the regional characteristics of Cantonese, the language is "vernacular" (Cantonese is also called "vernacular", in the past, Cantonese speakers were called "vernaculars" by other provinces), which is easy to understand. First of all, the couplets created by Lun Wenxu have strong Lingnan cultural characteristics and are rooted in the life circle of Guangfu culture. For example, the rude scholar bent his knees to reveal Zhou Jianer, and the affectionate college looked down to see ancestor three. The Trojan horse has no head and three feet, and the dragon has eyes and half body. "Jian Jian" and "San Zhi" are characteristic words in Cantonese, which means "Jian Jian" and "San Zhi". Secondly, there are implied satirical colors, such as: flowers at the bottom of the well, butterflies are hard to smell, and old monkeys want to eat fruit on the wall. The couplet is ironic, but it is easy to understand. Although butterfly is a frequent flower gatherer, if it blooms at the bottom of the well, butterfly can't help. If the old monkey is really whimsical, this peach is not the other peach, it's all in vain. This should be to satirize those who overestimate themselves, whimsical, and don't act according to the actual situation. It can be said that "satirizing people is like numbness". Finally, his couplets have the characteristics of life, such as: the coyote goes up the mountain, the stone roller limps the Coyote's feet, the buffalo goes through the water, the depth of the water and the head of the buffalo. Crab hanging fish Zheng is like spider forming web, cat pulling chicken kidney is like lion rolling ball. "Coyote", "buffalo", "spider" and "cat" can often be seen in the countryside. In such an environment, they must keep their simple thoughts. This kind of strong rural life style can be shown in Lun Wenxu's works.

Historical evaluation

A review of Yue Da Ji written by Guo Yao in Ming Dynasty: he is warm and mellow in nature, virtuous in utensils and quintessence. He hopes to know that he is a gentleman, and he is good at studying books and history. Han (Yu) and Yang (Xiong), the literary master, have a long and interesting life. His filial friends are out of nature and are good at teaching children. Comments on Qu Dajun's Guangdong new language in the Qing Dynasty: since the Han and Jin Dynasties, Fu Yu and Qing Shu have been transformed into talents. Among them, Mo gongxuan Qing, Zhang Gongzhen's grandson in the Tang Dynasty and Lin Gongda Qin in the Ming Dynasty are the most outstanding. However, Mo Gongji has never been heard of. Duke Zhang was in danger of his country, but unfortunately he was changed. Duke Lin died early, and funk was founded. The Duke of Dulun was famous as a scholar and had a high reputation.

Anecdotes and allusions

On the West Chan Temple

When he was young, because his family was hard to support, he was forced to stop school when he was less than 10 years old and went home to help his parents grow and sell vegetables. He worked in the daytime and studied poetry at night. One day, Lun Wenxu went to sell vegetables in the Western Zen temple. Two monks who were cooking in the temple knew that Lun Wenxu would recite poems against each other, so they deliberately said, "we want the dishes, but there is one condition. The Mianxian hall in our temple is still short of a couplet, which should be exactly 100. If you're right, you'll pay a high price. If you're not right, you won't do business. " Lun Wenxu asked the monk to take the paper and pen, pondered for a moment, and wrote a couplet: "Seventy two sages in Xingtan, sages and sages, twenty-eight generals in Yuntai, marquis.". 72 + 28 in the couplet is just equal to 100, the number is consistent, and the content is appropriate. The two monks praised each other, so they paid a high price for lunwenxu's food.

To the governor

Lun Wenxu once sold out the dishes in the Western Zen temple and received the money for the dishes. He was waiting to go home when he heard the sound of gongs and drums. It turned out that Wu Chen, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, wanted to come to the temple to offer incense. The master of Xichan Temple led the monks to blow and beat, and went out of the temple to meet them. Lun Wenxu has heard that Governor Wu Chen is a talented man. How can he miss the chance to meet him today? So he took advantage of everyone's attention to meet the opportunity, quietly into the main hall of the altar to hide. After a while, Governor Wu Chen arrived. When Wu Chen was paying homage to the Buddha, offering incense and praying, he suddenly saw a dark shadow creeping under the altar. He was so surprised that he asked the guards to catch the assassin. The guard quickly caught the "Lake", who turned out to be a child of eight or nine years old. Fearing that Xiao Wenxu would suffer, the master of Xichan Temple saluted Wu Chen: "this is Lun Wenxu, a child prodigy near the temple. I often recite poems against him. The child is quick witted and quick to deal with. Today I offend Huwei out of ignorance. Please forgive me. " When Wu Chen heard that he was a child prodigy, he felt a little happy and said to Xiao Wenxu, "I'm going to test you today. If you're right, I'll forgive you for your innocence. If it doesn't work, it will be punished severely. Dare you, child? " Lunwenxu nodded. Wu Chen was also born in a poor and humble family. He was promoted to an important position only after he studied hard. So Wu Chen Xinkou is the matter of the imperial examination, formed a couplet: "a cold Confucianism, Panlong, Panfeng, pandangui." As soon as Wu Chen's voice fell, the second couplet of Lun Wenxu came out: "three precious Buddhas, sit on the Ao, sit on the elephant and sit on the lotus." After reading Xiaowen, everyone was shocked, and Wu Chen was full of praise. After hearing that Wenxu was out of school, he felt deeply sorry. He immediately offered a silver reward of fifty Liang to help lunwenxu continue to complete his studies.

Wisdom won the champion

Lun Wenxu went to Beijing to take the exam, and ranked first with the famous Huguang scholar Liu xiankai. The examiner asked the emperor for an interview. At that time, on the night of the Mid Autumn Festival, the emperor asked them to write poems with the title of the moon. Liu xiankai wrote: "read all the poems of Jiuzhou in the world and recite all the poems of the five lakes in the sea. In the middle of the month, Osmanthus fragrans are uprooted, and no one is allowed to break half a branch. " He said that he must take the lead in the palace examination and win the champion. Lun Wenxu then wrote: "I devote myself to the roof and catch a glimpse of Chang'e planting osmanthus. I see that Guanghan palace is still open, so I bring back the moon. " His poems are more magnificent than Liu's poems, rich in imagination and beautiful in artistic conception. The emperor praised him repeatedly and asked him to be the number one scholar.

Assorted meat congee

When he was a child, Lun Wenxu had shown great talent, but because of his poor family, he had to grow and sell vegetables to make a living, so he often couldn't attend to lunch. The boss of a porridge shop pitied his youth and talent, so he bought a load of vegetables every day and asked him to send them to the porridge shop. When Lun Wenxu delivers the dishes to the porridge shop, the boss will take the leftover pork balls, pig sausage, pig liver raw rolled porridge, and then put some ginger and green onion and so on to invite him to eat for free, right for lunch. Several years later, Lun Wenxu ate porridge in porridge shop every day, so he was very grateful to his boss. Later, Lun Wenxu's talent startled the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi at that time by a chance, and got the governor's support, so he was able to study at ease. After ten years of hard study, Lun Wenxu finally lived up to the expectations of the public and beat Liu xiankai, a talented man, to win the first place. At the time of returning home, Lun Wenxu went to the porridge shop again to thank the boss for his help when he was young, and asked him to cook the porridge he used to eat. Because the porridge was nameless, the boss asked Lun Wenxu to name it. After a little thought, Lun thought that he could be the number one scholar in high school because of the help of this porridge, so he named it "Number One Scholar"

Chinese PinYin : Lun Wen Xu