Zhenwu Pavilion Princess Garden

Zhenwu Pavilion

synonym

Zhenwu Pavilion Princess Garden generally refers to Zhenwu Pavilion

Zhenwu pavilion was built on a stone platform on the North Bank of Xiujiang River in the east of Rong County in the first year of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (1573). Looking from afar, the southeast mountains stand majestically across the vast plains on the south bank. The height of geben is 13 meters, and the height of the stage is nearly 20 meters. It is also the object of appreciation in the surrounding area. In 1982, it was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Jingluetai was built in 759, the second year of Qianyuan period. Yuan Jie, a famous poet, went to the governor's office of Rongxian county to serve as Rongguan's manager. He built a manager's desk in the east of Rongzhou city for training soldiers and sightseeing. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhenwu temple was built on jingluetai. In the first year of Wanli (1573), Zhenwu temple was added into a three storey Pavilion, which is now Zhenwu Pavilion.

Zhenwu Pavilion, Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower and Tengwang pavilion are known as the four famous buildings in Jiangnan of China.

Zhenwu Pavilion, with three storeys and three eaves, is in the shape of a square tower, with a height of 13.2 meters, a width of 13.8 meters and a depth of 11.2 meters. The whole pavilion is skillfully connected with 3000 lattice wood members of different sizes. It has been attacked by many earthquakes and strong winds and is still safe. It is known as the "outstanding structure of Tiannan".

Loft introduction

Jingluetai Zhenwu Pavilion is located on the North Bank of Xiujiang River in Rong County, Guangxi. In the early 1960s, Liang Sicheng, an architecture expert and professor of Tsinghua University, was called "a rare pearl in the history of Chinese ancient architecture" after detailed investigation. In 1982, Zhenwu pavilion was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Jingluetai was built in the Tang Dynasty and Zhenwu Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Qianyuan (759) of Tang Dynasty, Rongzhou governor, censor Zhongcheng and Rongguan JINGLUE envoy Yuanjie built JINGLUE platform in the east of Rongzhou City, which was used to train soldiers and visit the scenery. It got its name from the meaning of "the son of heaven manages the world and has a little experience in the world". In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhenwu temple was built on jingluetai. In the first year of Wanli (1573), Zhenwu temple was added into a three storey Pavilion, which is Zhenwu Pavilion. The Zhenwu pavilion with three layers of pure wood structure is the original of the first year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573 AD), which has a history of more than 400 years.

Zhenwu pavilion has three storeys and three eaves. The eaves are very large and the columns are very low. It feels faster than ordinary pavilions. It makes Zhenwu pavilion not like a three storey building, but rather like a single storey building with three eaves. It has a strong sense of rhythm and momentum, but it is more calm and clear-cut than the same double eaves building. In addition, the slope of the house is smooth and smooth, and the angle is simple and gentle, which adds a stretch and magnanimous spirit to the whole. It is very fresh and elegant. It is a masterpiece that fully shows the beauty of the roof of Chinese architecture. The bottom plane is much larger than the upper two, which also makes the outline more vivid.

Architectural features

Zhenwu pavilion has three characteristics: first, the foundation is neither hard stone nor solid reinforced concrete, but it is filled with compacted river sand in the brick wall, jingluetai and Zhenwu pavilion are built on sand piles, which have survived for thousands of years; second, the whole pavilion is made of wooden Falcon structure without a nail, which is connected in series with the lever principle, but is as stable as Mount Tai for hundreds of years; third, there are four in the second floor The big column bears the heavy weight of the upper floor, beam, column and roof tile, but the column base is suspended.

Zhenwu Pavilion is a completely wooden structure of the building, the whole pavilion has three floors, the height of 13 meters, plus the height of nearly 20 meters. The whole pavilion is a lever type pure wood structure, with a height of 13.2 meters, a width of 13.8 meters, and a depth of 11.2 meters. The whole pavilion does not need an iron ware. It uses nearly 3000 lattice wood members, chisels mortise and tenon, and obliquely penetrates straight sleeves. It is based on the principle of lever structure, which is connected in series, supports each other, restricts each other, and reasonably coordinates to form a beautiful and stable unified whole.

Among the twenty upright columns of Zhenwu Pavilion, eight of them go straight to the top floor and are the pillars of the three storey Pavilion. The columns are connected with beams and braces, and each column has four Dou arches, which bear four edge trees, powerfully supporting the pavilion. Although the four large inner columns of the second floor bear the heavy load of the upper floor, beam frame, column, pavilion tile and ridge decoration, the column base is suspended 3 cm above the ground, which is the most delicate and peculiar part of the whole pavilion structure. This is the spectacle of suspended columns caused by the "lever principle". It is to turn the eight through columns from the bottom to the second floor into the fulcrum of the second and third floors. The through columns are divided into upper and lower layers, and cross seventy-two (nine for each column, a total of seventy-two) cantilever beams. These cantilever beams are like the cross bars on the balance, and the outer long end raises a wide tile eaves, The short end of the inside jumps up the inner column of the second floor, so that the top of the head is heavy and the feet don't fall to the ground. This method is widely used in ancient buildings in our country, and Zhenwu Pavilion is particularly ingenious. For more than 400 years, Zhenwu Pavilion, like an accurate balance, has survived five earthquakes and three severe typhoons. Its structure is unique in the world. It is known as "the outstanding structure of Tiannan", "the wonder of Tiannan", "the Pearl of ancient architecture" and "the best in the world". In the local folk tales, it is also the "immortal tower" built by Luban.

In 1962, Professor Liang Sicheng, a famous ancient architect, went to Rongxian county to inspect zhenwuge in detail. After that, he published a research paper and published the outstanding architectural art of jingluetai zhenwuge. Numerous experts, scholars and tourists have come to study and visit Zhenwu Pavilion. Long Qingzhong, a professor and paleoarchitect of South China Institute of technology, praised the inscription as "the wonder of the south of the sky"; Fei Xiaotong, former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, praised the inscription as "the lever structure is ingenious; Shang chengzuo, a famous professor, praised the inscription as" the outstanding structure of the south of the sky "; Lawrence Taylor, an American professor, praised the inscription as:" this building represents the knowledge of the Chinese people The combination of science and spirit. The architecture of Zhenwu Pavilion in jingluetai reflects the intelligence of ancient Chinese working people.

Later, some researchers pointed out that zhenwuge is the product of the theory of five elements. The designers who built zhenwuge are proficient in Taoist philosophy and transform it into building mechanics, aseismics, aesthetics and structural mechanics, integrating dynamic load, static load, wind load, stress and shear force It makes it special and wonderful.

The jingluetai built by Yuanjie is about 50 meters long, 15 meters wide and 4 meters high. It is rammed with sand in the middle and surrounded by bricks and stones. In other words, the pillars supporting the Zhenwu pavilion are placed on the stone mounds, while the stone mounds are placed on the sand mounds. In the 1950s, a construction master in Rongxian County dug up the brick under the stone pier, inserted a straight wire into the fine sand under the stone pier, inserted it more than one meter deep, and pulled out the iron branch without bending.

Laozi's Tao Te Ching, the representative theoretical work embodying Taoist dialectics, says: "tranquility is impetuous monarchy". In the view of Taoism, stillness is the king, movement is the subject, and the king can subdue the subject. And things are "moving is static" (equivalent to negative in mathematics is positive). When there is an earthquake, the strong seismic force is dynamic, and the soft floating sand under the zhenwuge column pier is also dynamic, so the seismic force disappears before it is transmitted to zhenwuge (this method has been applied in buildings in recent years, some reinforced concrete buildings are first paved with a layer of thick sand, and then the reinforced concrete foundation is inverted).

There are four gold pillars on the second floor of Zhenwu Pavilion, which lift more than 100000 Jin from the third floor. The base of the pillars is about 2 cm away from the floor. A lever structure is formed by corner pillars, cross arms and cornices beside the second floor. The lever structure is dynamic. Zhenwu pavilion's overlapping brackets are built like children playing with building blocks. There is no need for a nail on the whole body, no reinforcement measures, and they are dynamic. What's more, the tenon and mortise (mortise and tenon) at the junction of the column and beam of Zhenwu pavilion are very loose. Two fingers can be inserted at the most sparse part. At first glance, you think it is made by careless and unskilled "big eye Carpenter". In fact, this is the essence of it. When the fierce typhoon comes, the typhoon force is dynamic, while the lever structure, the loose tenon and mortise, and the bucket arch are dynamic. The dynamic is static, and the static is dynamic. The wind force reduces itself, and is adjusted by the dynamic slight change to achieve the "unity of contradiction and opposition". So zhenwuge is safe and sound.

According to Rong county annals, it experienced five major earthquakes and three major typhoons in the 33rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, the first year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the first year of Qianlong, the 10th year of Xianfeng and the 5th year of Guangxu. When the houses of the whole city collapsed, the seven foot thick city wall cracked, and the big trees and flagpoles were uprooted, the Zhenwu pavilion was as stable as Mount Tai! The mystery embodies the Taoist philosophy of "tranquility is impetuous monarch", "weakness is better than strength" and "doing nothing but doing everything". Taoist philosophy of "static is impetuous monarch" and dialectical materialism of "movement is absolute, static is relative" is not contradictory, it is from different angles.

American architect Wright told the famous Chinese architect Professor Liang Sicheng: "Lao Tzu (Li Dan) in China made clear the most essential contradiction in architecture two thousand years ago." Zhou Lin, a professor in the Department of civil engineering of Guangxi University, was the first person in Guangxi to put forward the idea that the design of Zhenwu pavilion was integrated with Taoist philosophy. However, he only discussed from the ground at that time, and did not know that there was loose floating sand under the pier.

Foreigners also know "dynamic earthquake resistance". For example, for a car equipped with shock spring, the spring is also dynamic. The concave and convex road surface makes the car body dynamic when it goes up and down, so the car is not bumpy. But this is nearly 100 years, 300 years later than the dynamic earthquake resistance of zhenwuge.

geographical position

It is on the North Bank of Xiujiang River in the east of Rong County, Guangxi.

Rong county is located in Guangxi Zhuang nationality

Chinese PinYin : Zhen Wu Ge Gui Fei Yuan