Wendou Miao Village

Wendou Miao Village

Wendou Miao village is located in the west of Jinping County, Guizhou Province. It is under the jurisdiction of Hekou township of Jinping County. It is divided into three administrative villages, namely Wendou Shangzhai, Wendou Xiazhai and Wendou riverside village. It is located on the South Bank of Qingshui River, 30km away from the waterway of Jinping County. Now there are more than 400 households with a population of more than 2000. All of them belong to Miao nationality. Seventy percent of them are surnamed Jiang. They live in wooden stilts. Take Wendou riverside village as an example Looking up, the two green stone roads are like two green dragons, which run along the slope to the head of the village. There are towering ancient trees, ancient and majestic gates, countless inscriptions, tombs built for investigation, dozens of magnificent homesteads and the remnant walls of large homesteads, as well as the stone walls and sentries of ancient battlefield fortifications in the Qing Dynasty.

brief introduction

Wendou Miao village is a Miao village with a long history of environmental protection. It has a history of more than 600 years. Almost all the people in the village have forestry contracts of the Qing Dynasty, about 30000 pieces. It is the most complete, systematic and concentrated forest contracts preserved in China and even in the world. It has become the third most precious book in China after the Qing Dynasty documents of the Palace Museum and Anhui "Huizhou AI book" Historical documents. Wendou is green without mountains, green without water and green without water. He is famous for his unique ecological and environmental protection culture of ancient ethnic minorities. He is honored as "the first environmental protection village of Miao Nationality in China" by the European times of France, China national news, China green times and other media.

Wendou Miao village is autonomous by the leader of the clan leader. The important means and tool of Wendou's autonomy is contract. The contract is mainly forestry contract, which can be divided into buying and selling forest land, renting mountain farms, borrowing money and grain, exchanging goods and analyzing family property. In addition, contract documents are signed in marriage, making friends and other activities. The social order of villages, families and people's behavior norms are also managed and constrained by contract. There are some famous vulgar customs in 1774, such as forbidding uncle's forced marriage and asking for money by marriage. In the 38th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the six departments of Wendou jointly signed a contract to ban the entry of swine and cattle into the village. Contract plays a very important role in people's social life, so people regard it as a treasure collection, almost every family has it. It's a pity that most of them were burned in the "breaking the four olds" of the land reform and the Cultural Revolution (some of them burned more than a dozen), and only a few of them have survived so far.

Features

White hair ginkgo "restaurant"

The hospitable Miao family took us to a strange "restaurant". It was a thousand year old tree called "Ginkgo biloba with white hair" by local people. There is a big hole in the tree trunk, which is breathable and transparent. A table can be placed for 10 people to drink and drink tea. No one in the local people knows when or who will make this blessed place. If you look at it carefully, it is completely natural and has not been artificially carved. What's more strange is that this ancient tree grows luxuriantly, green in spring and fruiting in autumn. Over the years, people in Miao village have been here to entertain distinguished guests from afar with their highest etiquette.

Yongning nunnery

Yongning nunnery, originally named shungong, is located in xiaxincuo natural village of Wendou village. It was built during the reign of emperor Xiaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty (1163-1189). In 1410, the villagers raised funds to rebuild shungong and changed its name to Yongning nunnery, which means Yongji is peaceful. Yongning nunnery was listed as the 37 capital palace of Nan'an when Emperor Qianlong ascended the throne (1736). After the cultural revolution, overseas Chinese living in Indonesia, Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand and other countries raised funds to rebuild the hall. The main hall is of hard mountain stone wood structure, with Yan eaves and ridges, and three wide doors. In 2006, the main hall was rebuilt by local people living in Hong Kong. The shape was changed to palace style, still with stone wood structure. At the same time, a worship Pavilion and a bell and drum Pavilion were built in front of the hall.

Stele

The "six forbidden stele" beside the gate of Wendou ancient village was erected in the mid winter of the 38th year of Qianlong. Next to the "six forbidden steles", there is an environmental protection stele 12 years later than the "six forbidden steles". The stele specifically stipulates the forest management near Wendou Village: "this village protects the trees, stores the forbidden trees, and forbids future generations to cut down, so as to preserve the magnificent mountains and rivers."

Ancient contract

In the early years of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1403-1424), the high-quality Chinese fir in Jinping was used as "Royal wood" to get out of the mountains. Wendou's name "huangmuao" was an example of transporting "Royal wood" at that time. After the imperial merchants, the civilian merchants came one after another, and the timber trade in Qingshui River basin with Jinping as the center rose. Accordingly, a large number of contract documents about the sale and transfer of forest ownership and the management of mountain forest were produced. According to the existing contract documents, they can be roughly divided into nine categories: mountain forest land sale, mountain forest tenancy, splitting mountain forest and family property, distribution and sale of mountain forest money, mountain forest management and protection, mountain forest dispute mediation, township regulations and people's contract, loan receipt, mountain forest register. Many contracts stipulate the rights, responsibilities and obligations of forest cultivation and thinning rotation. Because contracts play a very important role in people's social life, people regard contracts as treasures. Unfortunately, most contracts were burned in the "four old" period of land reform and Cultural Revolution (some families burned more than 10), and only a few have survived.

Ancient trees

According to statistics, there are more than 600 ancient trees, more than 30 tree species and countless small trees scattered in Jiuchong shiyiling. If there are ancient trees, there will be people. If there are people, there will be ancient trees.

Self help guide

Transportation Guide: start from Jinping County, take a bus along the beautiful natural scenery corridor of Qingshui River to the dam site of Sanbanxi Hydropower Station, the third highest dam in the world, and then take a passenger boat upstream to Wendou River in half an hour.

favoured policy

In February 2020, in order to pay homage to the medical workers, under the overall guidance of Guizhou Provincial Department of culture and tourism, the culture and tourism departments of nine cities (prefectures) and Gui'an New District issued an invitation to the national medical workers: from the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020, the national medical workers can enjoy free tickets to 420 A-level scenic spots in Guizhou Province with their valid certificates (doctor's certificate or nurse's certificate) Policies (excluding hot spring scenic spots and franchised projects in scenic spots).

Address: Jinping County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province

Longitude: 109.248398

Latitude: 26.619304

Chinese PinYin : Wen Dou Miao Zhai