Guangxi Ziyuan National Geopark

The landscape of Guangxi Resources National Geopark is characterized by "majestic, strange, dangerous, secluded, beautiful and mysterious". The mountains are green and the water is beautiful. It is pure, flexible and simple.

Guangxi Ziyuan National Geopark

Guangxi Ziyuan National Geopark is the second batch of national geoparks qualification list (33, announced in March 2002, belonging to the same batch as Huangshan in Anhui). It starts from Ziyuan County in the south, and borders Xinning County in Hunan Province in the north and northwest. It is 33 km long in the north and South, 3-9.6 km wide along Zijiang River and both sides of Zijiang River, with a total area of 125 square kilometers. The geological park is characterized by Danxia landform.

On January 21, 2016, China Railway Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd. signed a contract with China Railway Corporation for the tourism development project of bajiaozhai scenic spot in Ziyuan County. The total investment of the project is no less than 700 million yuan. The investment will be completed in three years: 300 million yuan will be completed in 2016 to build bajiaozhai scenic spot into a national AAAA scenic spot; 300 million yuan will be invested in 2017 to basically build bajiaozhai scenic spot into a national AAAAA scenic spot; In 2018, we will complete all investment and declare national AAAAA tourist attractions. It will soon become the fifth AAAAA scenic spot in Guangxi

geographical environment

geographical position

Guangxi Ziyuan National Geopark is located in Ziyuan County, northeast of Guilin City, about 100 km away from Guilin city. Its geographical coordinates are 110 ° 38 110 ° 47 e, 26 ° 02 26 ° 19 n. It starts from Ziyuan County in the south, borders Xinning County in Hunan Province in the north and northwest. It is 33 km long in the north and south, 39.6 km wide in the East and west along Zijiang River and both sides of Zijiang River, with a total area of 125 square kilometers.

geological structure

Danxia landform is the main geological resource of Guangxi Ziyuan National Geopark. Because of the special landform of Danxia Mountain in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. It was discovered by Chinese geologist Feng Jinglan as early as 1928 and named Danxia landform by Chinese geologist Chen Guoda in 1939. Its shape is similar to karst, so some people call it red karst or pseudokarst.

Danxia landform is actually a kind of erosion and dissolution landform of red glutenite, which generally refers to the thick layer and gentle occurrence (or vertical rock layer) of Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Because this kind of quartz sandstone is hard and brittle, it is easy to have vertical joints. When the stratum is near horizontal, it is easy to develop into vertical cracks due to the weathering of surface water. It gradually expands, accompanied by collapse and loss, and often forms Fangshan forest peak with steep wall and flat top, straight and upright, surrounded by streams. Under the comprehensive action of differential weathering, gravity collapse flow, water erosion and dissolution, the red sandy conglomerate with uneven calcareous and iron mixed cementation forms the red sandstone Fangshan cliff, cliff, peak cluster, stone column and other modeling landforms and image landscapes, presenting a bright red peak forest, which is Danxia landform.

A brief history of development

The development of Danxia landform began in the Himalayan orogeny in the late Tertiary. This movement made some red strata incline and fold slowly, and uplifted the red basin to form outflow area. The water flows to the low-lying area in the middle of the basin and erodes along the vertical joints of the strata, forming a deep ditch with two vertical walls, which is called langu. When the flowing water can't remove all the colluvium, the colluvium cone with gentle slope is formed. With the collapse and retreat of the gully wall, the colluvial cone grows upward and covers the bedrock surface. The bedrock under the colluvial cone forms a gentle slope with the same inclination direction as the colluvial cone. After the collapse of the cliff surface, the range of the peak surface gradually shrinks, forming a castle like remnant peak, stone wall or stone pillar and other landforms. Further erosion will result in the disappearance of residual peaks, stone walls and stone pillars and the formation of gentle hills. There are many limestone gravels and calcium carbonate cements in the red glutenite. After calcium carbonate is dissolved by water, some dissolution ditches, stone buds and caves are often formed, or thin tufa deposits are formed, and even stalactites are developed. Funnels are also developed along the joints. In the sandstone, because of the cross bedding formed by the embroidery like terrain, known as Jinshi. The deep rock strata of rivers can form square mountains with flat top and steep four walls, or be cut into various strange peaks, such as upright, fortress like, pagoda like, etc. In the area with large dip angle of rock strata, monoclinic ridges are formed by erosion, and multiple adjacent monoclinic ridges are called monoclinic peak groups. Large area collapse of rock strata along vertical joints leads to the formation of high and spectacular steep slope; the steep slope develops along the strike of a group of main joints to form high stone wall; the erosion of stone wall forms stone window; the stone window further expands to become stone bridge. Narrow and steep valleys are often formed between the rock blocks. The rock wall is called "Red Cliff" because of its red color, and there are caves along the bedding plane on the wall.

Geomorphic landscape

The Geopark is located in Ziyuan County, with the highest altitude of 2141.5 meters and the lowest altitude of 320 meters. The main peak of bajiaozhai is 814 meters above sea level, with a relative height of 400 meters. The complex geological structure and unique climate conditions have made the park a unique landscape of Danfeng cliff and bishuidan cliff. There are some types of landscape in the park

(1) Danxiazhai type mountains (flat topped highlands divided by deep valleys and steep cliffs, with large scale), such as bajiaozhai, Jianglong Zhai, Leida Zhai and Shenxian Zhai, are typical representatives of Zhai type mountains;

(2) Danxia peak type mountains (like red sandstone peaks in the shape of towers, pyramids, pyramids or screws), such as qunluoguantian scenic spot in bajiaozhai scenic spot, are the most distinctive examples of Danxia peak;

(3) Danxia stone column and Danxia stone (columnar red sandstone stone peak, its scale is small), such as eye stone, jade girl peak, etc. Zijiang sail stone is the most typical representative;

(4) Danxia Xiantian, or Danxia Xianggu, is formed by erosion along vertical fissures, and its length is much longer than that of the width of Xianggu. The landscape of Danxia is characterized by the appearance of Xiantian and Tiandi. There are many resources, such as the renzitian of Jianglong village, the East and West Xiantian of Shenxian Village;

(5) Danxia Longji or Longjiao (Longji is the connecting ridge channel of Danxia Mountain, Longjiao is the ridge extending outward from Zhai type mountain), such as longtouxiang in Bajiao village and Longji in the west of Jianglong village;

(6) Danxia cave or belt (the cave formed by the dissolution of underground or surface water when the red glutenite is calcareous cemented and contains limestone breccia), the red glutenite of resources has low calcareous content, so the size of the cave is small, and the diameter and depth are less than 1 There is no human activity, but when there are numerous small caves on the red cliff of Danya on both sides of the valleys, such as Tianzhu peak and kongtongyan, Shenxian village and Baishe village, it also makes people feel like entering Kongtong valley;

(7) Xiadan labyrinth (meandering streams and valleys among Danxia peaks), such as the dense area of qunluoguantian in bajiaozhai scenic area, is a typical labyrinth;

(8) Danxia frescoes (on the bare rock of Danya red cliff, due to a variety of factors, it is like a landscape of words and pictures), such as the words "Chuan" and "Shan" on the cliff of bajiaozhai, and the large frescoes of "general riding through Tianmen" in Tianmen Chenxiang village.

Water landscape

Guangxi Resources National Geopark is rich in rainfall and surface water resources. Clear springs, waterfalls and streams crisscross and converge into rivers.

Zijiang River rafting

Zijiang River and Lijiang River are sister rivers. They both originate from Maoer Mountain, the highest peak in South China, 2141.5 meters. Zijiang River passes through the Geopark, flows through Hunan and flows into Dongting Lake. It belongs to the Yangtze River system. The flow in the park is 22.5 kilometers long, with 45 beaches and 31 bays. The natural drop is 1432 meters. Zijiang is not only magnificent and magnificent as the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, but also elegant and beautiful as the Lijiang River. It also has the characteristics of pure and quiet, flexible and elegant. The vegetation of Zijiang River Basin is dense, and the ecological environment is good. It has all the conditions of "scenic River" and "drifting River" for water tourism.

Baoding waterfall

When the river flows through a cliff like riverbed, a dynamic landscape phenomenon of river pouring and flying straight down is called Waterfall, and the smaller one is called falling water. The waterfall has a strong erosion effect. Under the long-term effect, it can cause bumpy retrogression and form Canyon, pothole and other terrain. Waterfalls are divided into single-stage waterfalls and multi-stage waterfalls according to the number of falls. Baoding waterfall originates from Baoding mountain, the second highest peak in South China, with a drop of 700 meters from the top of the waterfall to the bottom of the waterfall. Due to the crisscross mountains and steep slopes and platforms, Baoding waterfall is a typical multi-level waterfall. Xu Xiake, a geographer and traveler in the Ming Dynasty, praised "the cliff waterfall, which is as long as cloth, turns like tilt and even as curtain".

hot spring

The groundwater in the park is mainly composed of pore phreatic water in loose accumulation layer, various bedrock fissure water and karst water in carbonate rock. When the aquifer is exposed to the surface or a channel is formed due to structural faults, the groundwater will gush out of the surface to form a spring. Clear springs can be found everywhere in the park. Along the Zijiang Xinning fault zone, chetianwan hot spring with rising fissures has large flow and moderate temperature, which is suitable for developing into a hot spring resort.

Biological landscape

In Baihui Valley, Laoshanjie primeval forest and Yinzhu Laoshan animal and plant nature reserve in the park, there are towering ancient trees and little human destruction in the forest. Up to now, there are still many types of thick vegetation and rich animal and plant resources. According to the preliminary investigation, there are more than 1120 species of native plants belonging to 164 families in the park, among which 9 species belong to 9 families, including Abies Abies, e'zhang, Abies Yuanbao, and so on, which are the second-class protected plants of the state, and 9 species belong to the third-class protected plants, including hemlock Abies

Chinese PinYin : Guang Xi Zi Yuan Guo Jia Di Zhi Gong Yuan