Cuiheng Village

Cuiheng Village

Cuiheng village, an administrative village under the jurisdiction of Nanlang Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, is a traditional Chinese village. It was originally named caikeng village, but later renamed Cuiheng village because of the green mountains nearby

.

Cuiheng village is the hometown of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great pioneer of China's democratic revolution. It preserves rich historical relics of regional history, culture, local architecture and rural construction. It can be regarded as the epitome of the revolutionary holy land of modern China and the traditional villages in Lingnan. There are national AAAAA tourist attractions in the village, including the national first-class Museum, the memorial hall of Sun Yat Sen's former residence and the Xinyang village There are some scenic spots such as the revolution memorial park and Zhongshan film and Television City, as well as Zhongshan Memorial Middle School, a key middle school in Guangdong Province

.

On December 17, 2012, Cuiheng village was announced as the first batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance

.

Village history

Cuiheng, formerly known as "caikeng" (caikai), can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty.

It is said that during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, people surnamed Cai built a village in caikeng

.

According to the chapter "Fang Du" in Volume 1 of Xiangshan county annals written by Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, "caikai" village is one of the 28 villages under "Da Zi Du" of Yongle Township, which is the earliest record of Cuiheng village in local historical records

.

On November 12, 1866, Sun Yat Sen was born into a poor peasant family in Cuiheng village, where he spent his childhood and adolescence.

In 1892, sun Mei, the eldest brother of Sun Yat Sen, sent money back from Honolulu. Sun Yat Sen designed and built a three Bay two-story building, the former residence of Sun Yat Sen.

At the beginning of 1894, Sun Yat Sen returned from Guangzhou to Cuiheng village. In his home study, he devoted himself to drafting a 8000 word political opinion book, Shangli Hongzhang book

.

On November 27th, 1931, Sun Yat Sen's son Sun Ke started the foundation construction of "Premier's hometown Memorial Middle School".

In July 1934, the first phase of "Premier's hometown Memorial Middle School" was completed. As teaching buildings, Heling hall, Haodong hall, Shouping hall, Zhesheng hall, school administration building, Muzhen hall, students' dormitory, dining hall, kitchen and ancillary buildings were put into use.

In 1934, Yixian hall, the main building of "Premier's hometown Memorial Middle School", started construction.

In 1936, the "Premier's hometown Memorial Secondary School" was completed

.

In August 1955, Cuiheng village belonged to Cuiheng district.

In 1956, the memorial hall of Sun Yat Sen's former residence was established.

In 1957, Cuiheng district was removed and changed into Cuiheng township

.

In 1996, the Sun Yat Sen Memorial was rebuilt.

At the end of 1998, Nanlang Town, Cuiheng village and Hengmen town merged into Nanlang town

.

In 2001, because Sun Yat Sen was filmed in Cuiheng village, Zhongshan Municipal People's government invested 150 million yuan to build Zhongshan film and television city. On March 18, after the shooting of Sun Yat Sen, Zhongshan film and television city was officially opened to tourists.

In April 2002, the three village committees of Cuiheng, Xiasha and Shimen were merged into the Cuiheng village committee.

On November 4, 2016, Sun Yat Sen's hometown tourist area was awarded the national "5A scenic spot" plaque by the former National Tourism Administration. It is the first national AAAAA scenic spot in Zhongshan City, the 12th National AAAAA scenic spot in Guangdong Province, and the first national 5A scenic spot with culture as the brand in Guangdong Province

.

geographical environment

Location context

Cuiheng village is located in Nanlang Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province. It is about 17 kilometers southeast of Zhongshan City. It is about 100 kilometers away from Guangzhou City Center in the north and 30 kilometers away from Macao in the south. It is adjacent to Zhuhai City in the southwest and faces Shenzhen and Hong Kong across the Pearl River Estuary in the East. Its geographical coordinates are 113 ° 31 'e and 22 ° 26' n.

 

.

climatic conditions

Cuiheng village is located in the south of Tropic of cancer and belongs to tropical monsoon climate zone. The annual average temperature is 21.6 ℃, the average temperature in January is 13.1 ℃, the average temperature in July is 28.4 ℃, and the average annual rainfall is 1731mm

 

.

Hydrologic mountains

Cuiheng village is located in Wugui mountain range in the West and the Pearl River in the East

 

 

.

Village pattern

Site selection concept

Cuiheng village is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the sea in the East. Lanxi River, which originates from Wugui mountain range, meanders along the side of the village to meet the needs of villagers' living and irrigation. The east side of Cuiheng village faces Lingdingyang of the Pearl River Estuary, so most of the buildings in the village are located from west to East. In summer and autumn, cool sea breeze blows from the East

 

.

spatial distribution

The spatial pattern of Cuiheng village is similar to the comb layout popular in Guangfu area. The streets and alleys are crisscross, and the village temples, ancestral halls, large houses and ordinary houses are distributed in the village

 

.

Architectural features

Cuiheng village retains the most traditional houses, gardens, flowers, trees and the living scenes of ancient farming civilization in China

 

. Cuiheng village is mainly built with traditional green brick walls, grey tiles and hard hilltop buildings, in which a large number of decorative crafts with Lingnan characteristics, such as color painting, wood carving, brick carving, grey sculpture and stone carving, are used

 

.

There are three types of existing buildings in Cuiheng village

Traditional Lingnan architectural style: Cuiheng traditional dwellings are typical Lingnan buildings, with brick and wood structure, two slopes of hard mountain top, gray walls and gray tiles, and the height is 1-3 floors. The hard mountain Gables are continuously and repeatedly combined, the height is scattered, the overall image is neat and orderly, the rich detail decoration is paid attention to, and the traditional decoration techniques such as stone carving and wood carving are used.

The Nanyang style residence in Cuiheng, which is a combination of Chinese and Western architecture built by some overseas Chinese, is represented by Sun Yat Sen's former residence and designed by Dr. Sun Yat Sen himself. This kind of building mainly consists of two or three storey buildings with flat roof. The exterior walls are yellow, red and other bright colors instead of gray white. There are arcades on the first floor, balconies on the second floor, and Western style columns are used as decoration. The combination of Chinese and Western styles of Nanyang style houses also reflected the mentality of advocating Western lifestyle at that time.

The villager's self built houses built in the later period of Cuiheng Village: the west to East orientation is reserved; the flat roof replaces the sloping roof; the architectural appearance is gray; the one story arcade and two or three story balcony occupy a large proportion in the buildings of Cuiheng village. There are two types of self built houses in the land: one is the form of unit building, with about five families on the first floor; the other is the form of independent house, with one family living

 

.

Economic society

population

In 1866, there were more than 60 households in Cuiheng village

 

.

In August 1955, the permanent population of Cuiheng village was 168

 

.

In 2004, there were 3786 people in Cuiheng village, 593 overseas Chinese and 2351 compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao. It is a real "overseas Chinese village"

 

.

Economics

Cuiheng village is dominated by the primary industry, and the local residents are mainly self-sufficient

 

.

In the 1990s, the development of Cuiheng village was relatively slow, mainly planting rice and lacking of secondary industry.

Since the 1990s, Cuiheng village has built a memorial hall, a film and Television City, a Cuiheng Hotel and a playground around Sun Yat Sen's former residence, which has promoted the development of tourism

 

.

Main attractions

Former residence of celebrities

former Residence of Dr. Sun Yat-sen

Sun Yat Sen's former residence is located from east to west, covering an area of 500 square meters and a building area of 340 square meters. The main building is a three Bay two-story brick and wood building designed and built by Sun Yat Sen, whose elder brother sun Mei remitted money from Honolulu in 1892.

The main building is unique: first, it is a combination of Chinese and western, its external structure decoration has western classical architectural style, and its internal structure and furnishings belong to the traditional form of local dwellings, the main hall is equipped with gold God building, using traditional Chinese acid furniture; second, it sits east facing West, which is different from that of Cuiheng village's dwellings; third, it has many doors, windows, channels, and two buildings Ladder, so that the upper and lower left and right can freely pass. The center of the first floor is the living room. The back seat of the living room is the bedroom of Sun Yat Sen's mother. The north side of the living room is the bedroom of Sun Yat Sen and his wife Lu Muzhen. The south side is the bedroom of Sun Yat Sen's elder brother sun Mei and his wife tan. The second floor is hollow. The back seat is the God building standing above Sun Yat Sen's mother's bedroom. The north side is Sun Yat Sen's guest room, and the south side is Sun Yat Sen's study

 

.

On January 13, 1988, it was announced as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council

 

.

Yang Yin's former residence

Yang Yin's former residence was built in Xianfeng Period of the Qing Dynasty. It covers an area of 1420 square meters and a construction area of 280 square meters. It is a typical brick and wood structure with three halls and two corridors. The bedrooms on both sides are divided into upper and lower floors, and the kitchen and food processing room are built on the left.

Chinese PinYin : Cui Heng Cun