Longhua Martyr's Cemetery

Longhua martyrs cemetery, inscribed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping, is located on the west side of Longhua temple. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit and a key martyrs memorial building protection unit. It used to be the former site of the Songhu garrison headquarters of the Kuomintang and the site of the revolutionary martyrs of Longhua. After liberation, it was protected as a memorial site for revolutionary martyrs and merged with Shanghai martyrs cemetery in the early 1990s. It was built and opened on July 1, 1995. It is a novel cemetery integrating Memorial, tourism, culture, gardens and scenic spots. It is known as "Shanghai Yuhuatai".

Longhua Martyr's Cemetery

Longhua martyrs cemetery, inscribed by Comrade Deng Xiaoping, is located on the west side of Longhua temple. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit and a key martyrs memorial building protection unit. It used to be the former site of the Songhu garrison headquarters of the Kuomintang and the site of the revolutionary martyrs of Longhua. After liberation, it was protected as a memorial site for revolutionary martyrs and merged with Shanghai martyrs cemetery in the early 1990s. It was built and opened on July 1, 1995. It is a novel cemetery integrating Memorial, tourism, culture, gardens and scenic spots. It is known as "Shanghai Yuhuatai".

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Historical evolution

Longhua martyrs cemetery, east of the famous temple Longhua temple, and Longhua pagoda across the road. Formerly known as Xuehua Park, it was built in 1928 as the cemetery of martyrs killed in battle, known as Xuehua park. In 1952, the park management office of the Municipal Public Works Bureau took over the renovation. On May 1, 1952, it was opened to the public and renamed Longhua park. In 1964, the park was expanded and renovated.

Before liberation, the Songhu police headquarters of the Kuomintang was located on the west side of the park, with a detention house. From 1927 to 1937, thousands of revolutionaries were imprisoned here. Northeast of the park is the execution ground. Luo Yinong, Peng Pai, Chen Yannian, Chen qiaonian, Zhao Shiyan, Li Qiushi, Roushi, Yinfu, Hu yepin, Feng Keng and other revolutionary figures died here.

The construction of Longhua martyrs' cemetery has experienced a long historical period. As early as 1950, after "the remains of the 24 martyrs of Longhua" were excavated in Longhua area, the revolutionaries of the older generation germinated their wish to build Longhua martyrs' cemetery here to comfort the martyrs. In 1957, the Shanghai municipal Party committee and government of the Communist Party of China solicited the overall design scheme of "Longhua Martyrs Memorial Park" from relevant design institutes and universities in China, and made plans for it, but it was not completed because of this. In 1963, the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to build the Longhua Martyrs Memorial Park again. On the basis of the original Longhua Park, the land was expropriated, fenced and afforested, and a "Red Rock" was erected at the entrance of the park. It was interrupted by the "Cultural Revolution" in 1966.

In December 1983, Xia Zhixu, Zhao Shiyan's wife, wrote a letter to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, proposing to build a martyrs' cemetery in Longhua. Hu Yaobang and Deng Xiaoping, leaders of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, gave instructions: "it seems imperative to build a martyrs' cemetery in Longhua" and "the scale of the proposal is the same as that of Nanjing Yuhuatai". After that, a leading group for the preparation of Longhua martyrs' cemetery was established, which was composed of Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau, Shanghai Landscape Bureau, Shanghai Cultural Relics Administration Committee, Shanghai Planning Bureau and the Party History Collection Office of Shanghai municipal Party committee. In February 1985, Shanghai decided to build a large-scale martyrs' cemetery in Longhua. The CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee and government submitted to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council the request for instructions on preparing to build the martyrs' cemetery in Longhua and the request for instructions on the overall design of the martyrs' cemetery in Longhua. On April 24, the general office of the CPC Central Committee and the general office of the State Council approved the plan designed by Shanghai Landscape Design Institute. The planned cemetery covers an area of 365 mu, including the site where the revolutionary martyrs died. In 1987, Jiang Zemin, then Secretary of Shanghai municipal Party committee, put the preparation for the construction of Longhua martyrs' cemetery on the agenda. In January 1988, the State Council approved the "Longhua revolutionary martyrs memorial site" as a national key cultural relics protection unit. In October 1990, Jiang Zemin inscribed the monument of the Longhua martyrs' cemetery with the words "sincere heart and clear blood for the people", Deng Xiaoping inscribed the name of the Longhua martyrs' cemetery, and in February 1991, Chen Yun inscribed the name of the Longhua martyrs' Memorial. In October 1993, the Ministry of civil affairs of the people's Republic of China approved the relocation of Shanghai martyrs' cemetery to Longhua martyrs' cemetery for construction in accordance with the instructions of the State Council. The completed Shanghai Longhua martyrs' cemetery is a national key martyrs' memorial building protection unit. According to the instructions, the construction of Longhua martyrs' cemetery started on May 27, 1994, completed the civil engineering on April 5, 1995, opened to the public on July 1, and its memorial hall opened on May 28, 1997.

Jiang Zemin inscribed the monument with "sincere heart and clear blood for the people", Deng Xiaoping inscribed the name of the garden, and Chen Yun inscribed the name of the museum for the memorial. In 1992, the Shanghai municipal Party committee decided to merge the Shanghai martyrs' cemetery on Caoxi road into Longhua martyrs' cemetery, which was completed and opened to the outside world on July 1, 1995.

In March 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China), after the establishment of the Songhu police headquarters of the Kuomintang in Longhua Town, numerous Communists and revolutionaries were killed and imprisoned

A man of great ambition. After the April 12 counter revolutionary coup in 1927, Xuan Zhonghua, Wang Shouhua, sun Bingwen, she Liya, MI Yunhao, Chen Boyun, Zhao Shiyan and Chen Yannian, the early important leaders and outstanding Party members of the Communist Party of China, were killed. In 1928, there were Guo Bohe, Huang Jingxi, Yang Peisheng, Gu Zhiben, Zhou Jia, Chen qiaonian, Zheng futa, Luo Yinong, Li Liyi, etc. in 1929, there were Peng Pai, Yang Yin, Yan Changyi, Xing Shizhen, etc. On the night of February 7, 1931, the Communist Party members such as Lin Yunan and the five writers of the "left wing League" were also killed here.

In April 1950, at No. 1, Lane 2501, Longhua Road, one of the execution grounds of Songhu garrison headquarters, 18 complete remains and several incomplete skulls, body bones and limb bones were unearthed through clues provided by the townspeople. Some of the bones were still shackled. At the same time, some remains of the martyrs, such as copper and silver coins, were excavated. Among them, one of the woolen vests, which has not yet rotten, was identified as the remains of Feng Keng, one of the five writers of the "left wing League" by many ways, thus confirming that the remains unearthed are the remains of 24 martyrs. The remains are buried and displayed in Shanghai martyrs' cemetery respectively. The martyrs whose names have been confirmed today are Lin Yunan, he Mengxiong, Li Qiushi, Roushi, Hu yepin, Yin Fu, Feng Keng (female), long Da Dao, Luo Shibing, Ouyang Li'an, Yun Yutang, Li Wen (female), Wu Zhongwen (female), Wang Qingshi, Cai Bozhen, Duan Nan (a gang), Peng yangeng, Fei Dafu, Liu Zheng, he Zhiping, Tang Shilun, Tang Shiquan and Li Yunqing. In 1981, Shanghai martyrs cemetery set up a memorial site for 24 martyrs, covering an area of 4 mu. In the same year, the monument of "Longhua revolutionary martyrs' righteous land" was set up. Galleries are set up on both sides to display the biographies of 21 martyrs. There is a dead tree behind the monument with bullet marks on its trunk.

In the spring of 1934, in memory of the dead, the revolutionary martyrs in prison wrote:

Longhua looks up to the wind through the ages,

A strong man's ambition is not poor when he dies.

Peach blossom outside the wall, blood inside the wall,

Generally bright, generally red.

Main attractions

There are eight functional areas in Longhua martyrs' cemetery, including Memorial area, martyrs' tomb area, ruins area, martyrs' righteous place, stele forest area, youth education activity area, cadre ashes storage area and recreation area. Standing on the main axis of the cemetery, the monument is engraved with seven characters on the front of the monument, which were inscribed by Jiang Zemin. The memorial hall is divided into eight exhibition halls, with more than 1000 cultural relics and a large number of photos and pictures, showing the brilliant achievements of more than 200 revolutionary martyrs who fought and sacrificed in Shanghai for "independence, democracy, liberation and construction" since the Opium War. The ashes of more than 500 martyrs are placed in the martyrs memorial hall. There is a large porcelain print entitled "blue blood" in the hall, which is a vivid portrayal of the noble spirit of the martyrs. In the cemetery, there are 10 large-scale commemorative sculptures created by famous sculptors in China and a forest of steles of Longhua martyr's poems and Ci, which is a collection of contemporary calligraphy.

The theme of the park, the main axis and the main building are integrated; yesterday, today and tomorrow are handed over, and the architecture, garden sketches and sculpture art are reflected in each other. The park has a large lawn, a large area of pines and cypresses, Cinnamomum camphora, red maple, peach blossom, Osmanthus fragrans, and azalea, which make the mausoleum garden present the scene of "peach blossom overflowing the garden in spring, red leaves all over the ground in autumn, and evergreen pines and cypresses in four Seasons".

The square in the gate retains the original Cinnamomum camphora forest of Longhua Park, with big trees such as juniper and Podocarpus arvensis scattered outside, and small shrubs such as holly in the lower layer.

Longhuaguan peach is a famous scenic spot in Shanghai history. In the east side of the cemetery gate, there are a large peach forest, planting more than 500 varieties of peach, such as Bitao, chuisitao, Shouxing peach, etc., and the surrounding inner side is also planted with red flower oleander. Whenever in March, but see falling flowers, and Longhua pagoda complement each other. "Longhua looks up to the wind for thousands of years, and the strong man's ambition is not poor. The peach blossom outside the wall and the blood inside the wall are generally bright red." this makes the peach blossom and the mausoleum United.

On both sides of the corridor along the North-South main axis, tall cypresses are densely planted, and the cylindrical crown extends into two green walls, giving people a solemn and solemn feeling. On both sides of the outside are two rows of evergreen cedars and maple trees with bright red leaves. It reflects the main artistic conception of the whole cemetery. In the symmetrical flower beds on both sides of the middle section of the corridor, the altar is full of flowers in front of the martyrs memorial.

The East West axis and the West axis

Chinese PinYin : Long Hua Lie Shi Ling Yuan