Mulanpi

Mulanpi

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

to examine

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Mulanpi, a national key cultural relic protection unit, is located at the foot of Mulan mountain, 5km southwest of Putian City, Fujian Province, at the confluence of Mulan River and Xinghua Bay tide. It is a world irrigation engineering heritage. Mulanpi was built in 1064, the first year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a famous ancient large-scale water conservancy project and one of the five ancient lakes in China. It is still intact and plays its role in water conservancy. National key cultural relics protection units.

Introduction to geography

Mulanbi is located between Huangtou natural village and Pitou natural village of Mulan village, Xialin sub district office, Chengxiang District, Putian City. It was built in 1064, the first year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty, and completed in 1083, the sixth year of Yuanfeng. It is an ancient large-scale water conservancy project for water diversion, storage, irrigation, drainage and comprehensive utilization. It covers an area of 583 square meters, with a length of 110 meters and a height of 7.25 meters. It has 39 piers, 38 gates, one scouring sluice, one north-south dike, one north-south inlet gate, one big and small ditch and one small ditch The canal is 113 meters long, and there are more than 100 supporting projects along the canal, which can irrigate 250000 mu of farmland. Since the Song Dynasty, it has been nearly a thousand years. After countless floods, it still stands tall and continues to play its role. Mulanpi was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988.

At that time, the Xinghua plain on both sides of Mulan River was frequently damaged by floods from the upstream and overtopping tides from the downstream. It is said that Qian siniang, a Changle woman, witnessed the suffering of the local people. In 1064, the first year of Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty, she brought Jujin to start the construction of the river closure weir

. Because of the rapidity of the current, the built weir was quickly washed down by the mountain torrents. Qian Si Niang was extremely sad and indignant, so she threw herself into Xihong to die for PI. Since then, jinshilin, who lived in the same city as Qian siniang, brought 100000 yuan of gold from the world to putu to continue to build the lake, but it still failed because of the rapid flow of water. In 1075, Li Hong, the Marquis of the Northern Song Dynasty, donated money to build the PI. He summed up the lessons of the previous two failures. With the help of monk Feng Zhiri, he re surveyed the topography and water potential, and changed the site of the PI to mulanpi, where the channel was wide, the flow was slow, and the stream bed was covered with large rocks. After eight years of painstaking construction, he finally achieved great success in 1083, the sixth year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The project is divided into two parts: hub and supporting facilities. The pivot project is a pond body, which is composed of overflow weir, intake sluice, flushing sluice, diversion dike, etc. The overflow weir is a box type, 219 meters long and 7.5 meters high, with 32 gates and 29 piers. The dam is made of tens of thousands of heavy granite hooks and locks. These stones are connected with each other and are extremely strong. They have withstood the violent impact of numerous mountain torrents in the past 900 years and are still intact. There are hundreds of large and small ditches with a total length of more than 400 km, including 110 km of South Main Canal and 200 km of North Main Canal. More than 300 PI men and culverts are built along the line. The whole project has the functions of flood detention, water storage, irrigation, shipping and fish culture. In 1958, an overhead inverted siphon project was built near mulanpi to divert the water from Dongzhen Reservoir to the coastal areas, which greatly improved the irrigation and flood discharge capacity of mulanpi. The irrigation area increased from 150000 Mu to 250000 mu.

In order to commemorate the historical celebrities of Jianpi, the xieying temple, also known as Li Hong Temple, was originally built in the south of PI, and now it is changed into mulanpi Memorial Hall. Four rich women in the Museum

The statues of Lin Congshi, Li Hong, Feng Zhiri and others include the xiupi steles written by historical celebrities since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as six poems and 12 steles of "Ode to mulanpi" written by Guo Moruo when he visited here in the winter of 1962

. Next to the pavilion are the Ngong Pavilion and the Magnolia book Hall of song zhenggeng. Outside the museum, the lake is bright and the scenery is pleasant. Especially when the spring water rises and the stream flows into the sea, the white waves are surging. It is known as "Mulan spring rises".

Construction function

Mulanpi plays a fundamental role in Putian's economic and cultural development. Especially for agricultural production, the south canal of mulanpi passes through Chengxiang, quqiao (now Xindu), Huangshi, Beigao, Hushi and other townships. Generally, it can be irrigated by gravity, and the guandoumen can close it higher on schedule, so that the water can go to the fields. For example, 77 villages (73000 mu) such as Qingjiang, Xihong, Donghua, Jiangdong, Jinshan, Haibin, Dongjiao, and ZHELANG can do it. Due to the sequence of reclamation, some Daitian are high, but the area is small The original dyke is still in use. As long as there is an inner steep gate, it can still flow into the field. When it is full, lower the steep gate, and the field will not be flooded. In the second year of yuanyanyou (1315), 232 years later, 92 villages were established in Beiqu, Guanxi Tianwei, Wutang, Hanjiang, Sanjiangkou, Baitang and other towns, benefiting 64000 mu in 1992

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Building characters

Mulanpi was built by Li Hong. Not many people know about it. People only think that mulanpi was built by Qian siniang, which is inconsistent with historical facts. Qian Si Niang built the PI at jiangjunyan. After the PI was built, it was destroyed by the flood. It was only called QianPi site. Her contribution is that she created the idea of building a slope on Mulan River, and started to build a lake. Although it was destroyed, it had a great impact, leaving valuable ideas and lessons for later generations. Therefore, people in Putian never forget Qian siniang. She was an official with her father in Guangdong Province. Because of the loss of her mother in her early years, her father and daughter depended on each other to do all the housework. Her father was an official all his life and became ill with tuberculosis. When he died, Qian Si Niang carried her father's coffin back to his hometown (Changle). After passing through Putian, she was blocked by the flood of Mulan River. People said that Mulan River was a disaster and the countryside was waterless. My 16-year-old daughter's family had the idea of coming to Mulan River to build a lake.

After burying her father, she turned into a seller's property and left her father's money and so on. She gathered 100000 yuan to build a lake on Mulan River in Putian. She had no assistant or relatives to accompany her to build a lake for Putian. She brought huge money to build a lake for Putian, which moved the masses of Putian. There was a story of "grabbing 18, holding 18". The lake was built in three years, but when celebrating, it was destroyed and Qian Si Niang drowned herself .

After Qian Si Niang's failure in building the lake, Lin Cong, a native of her city, donated another 100000 yuan to build the lake in Wenkou. However, when the project was completed, it was destroyed by the fierce tide, which was also a failure. Putian people didn't expect to build Pi on Mulan River, but they gave it to Qian siniang, who was passing by.

It turns out that Mulan River originates from Xiyuan Township, Xianyou County, passes through mountains and valleys, and gathers water from more than 360 streams into Putian. It has become a big river with rapid water flow. Its maximum peak flow once reached 362 cubic meters per second. In addition, typhoon, rainstorm and spring tide occurred all year round. Therefore, it is very difficult to build a pond on such a stream with extremely complex natural conditions.

Ten years later, under the start of Qian siniang's construction, Putian people all wanted to build a PI on Mulan River. Even Cai Jing, a Putian official in Beijing, played the emperor's imperial edict to recruit talents to build a PI. Li Hong of Houguan county came to Putian. With the help of Feng Zhiri, a monk with knowledge of water conservancy engineering technology, he beat the battle drum to build a PI for the third time. It is reported that: when Li Hong was at home, Feng Zhi used to ask him for alms every day. He didn't want any more wine or money, but he refused to leave. One day, he asked Li Hong to meet at the foot of Mulan mountain. Later, Li Hong arrived in Putian, and sure enough, Feng Zhiri arrived at the foot of Mulan mountain first. They first inspected the sites of QianPi and Linpi, and found that QianPi was located in the place where the beach was high and the flow was urgent, and "fighting with the water was unsuccessful"; Linpi was located in the place where "the gap between the two sides of the Strait was strangled, and the raging waves flowed fiercely", so it was "no matter how bad". So they carefully analyzed the natural conditions of Mulan River, and attached great importance to the geological and hydrological investigation. They chose the place at the foot of Mulan mountain where "the stream flows wide and the tide slows down". Feng sheshui's bamboo pole is the record. This place is just between the QianPi and Linpi sites, which is an ideal place to build the lake. Because at the foot of Mulan mountain, it was called Mulan PI after completion.

Li Hong was conscientious and responsible for the project. He spent eight years to build mulanpi, which was not destroyed for a thousand years, in the sixth year of the first year (1083). He got sick on the way to visit Mulan irrigation area and died in daguyu (Huangshi Jinshan Village). He was 41 years old. The eight years of Jianpi became the last eight years of his life, He built a temple in the south of Pei to commemorate his dedication. In 1262, he was granted Huiji marquis.

Construction history

Mulanpi is located in Pitou village, Chengjiao Township, Chengxiang District, Putian City, 4 kilometers southwest of the city. Built in 1083, it was the largest water diversion project in Fujian at that time, and also one of the most complete ancient dam projects in China. It brings the water source of Mulan River to the northern and Southern Ocean plain of Putian, irrigates 165000 mu of good farmland, and has comprehensive social benefits such as industrial water, shipping and transportation, aquaculture, etc.

Mulanpi has been built for three times and lasted for 20 years. After two serious failures, mulanpi was successfully built for the third time. The first time was in the first year of song Zhiping (1064). Qian siniang, a woman from Changle, carried 100000 yuan to build a lake in front of jiangjunyan (now Zhanglin Village) in Mulan River. On the right bank is the foot of the drum horn mountain. The rock plate is exposed and goes straight to the middle of the river. On the other bank is the agricultural land in the river valley. The foundation is not consistent. The water potential is sharp on the right and slow on the left. The pond has just been built. It was washed down by the surging stream flood and fell short. Qian siniang threw herself into the water angrily. For the second time, Qian siniang's jinshilin, who lived in the same city of Changle, took another 100000 yuan to build another pond at the hot spring mouth downstream of the previous site, but failed because of the narrow current in the harbor. The third time, in the eighth year of the reign of song Xining

Chinese PinYin : Mu Lan Bei