Ming Palace Site Park

The Palace Museum of the Ming Dynasty, also known as the Nanjing Palace Museum, is the blueprint of the Beijing Palace Museum. It is the imperial palace of the early Ming Dynasty, on the north and south sides of today's Zhongshan Road. After Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang captured Jiqing (Nanjing), he changed Jiqing road to yingtianfu. In order to be the emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Liu Ji and other divination sites to be designated as the new palace, and finally selected this land as the geomantic treasure land of "Zhongfu Longpan" and "the house of the emperor". It is said that Zhu Yuanzhang recruited more than 200000 military and civilian craftsmen to fill yanque lake and "build a new city". The project started in 1366 and lasted for one year. It was magnificent and prosperous. The palace of Zhu Yuanzhang is composed of two parts: the imperial city and the palace city. The imperial city is outside, enclosing the palace city. According to the research of current scholars, the Imperial City ranges from the east to the west of the current Nanjing Mechanical and electrical school and Nanjing Museum, to the east of Zhuqiao and Yixian bridge in the west, to Guanghuamen in the South and to Fuxin bridge in the north. It is 2.5 km long from north to south, 2 li wide from east to west, and 9 km long in circumference.

Nanjing Palace Museum

synonym

The Ming Palace Museum site park generally refers to the Nanjing Palace Museum

Nanjing Palace Museum is the imperial palace of yingtianfu (Nanjing), the capital of Ming Dynasty, also known as the Ming Palace Museum, formerly known as the Forbidden City. The imperial city covers an area of 6.53 square kilometers, and the palace city covers an area of 1.16 square kilometers. It is the world's largest palace complex in the middle ages, known as "the world's first palace"

. Nanjing Palace Museum, as the epitome of Chinese palace architecture, is a model of following the ritual order. Its architectural form is inherited by Beijing Palace Museum. It is the blueprint of Beijing Palace Museum and the mother of official architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Nanjing Palace Museum was first built in 1366, the 26th year of Zhizheng reign of the Yuan Dynasty. It was basically completed in 1392, the 25th year of Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty. It took 26 years to complete. Its layout was based on the principle of "zuozu, YouSHE, facing the aftermarket" in KAOGONGJI of Zhouli. The perimeter of the imperial city is 10.23km, and that of the palace city is 3.45km. The central government office is located on both sides of hongwumen and chengtianmen, and the Taimiao and sheji altar are located on both sides of chengtianmen and Wumen. In the former dynasty, Fengtian hall, Huagai hall and Jinshen hall were the core, with Wenhua hall and Wenlou in the East, Wuying hall and Wulou in the West. In the later Dynasty, Qianqing palace and Kunning palace were the core, with Chunhe palace in the East, rouyi hall, Fengxian hall and Daliu in the West Good hall, nine five flying dragon hall, West Palace, on both sides of the East and West six palaces.

The Palace Museum of Nanjing has created a mode in which the central axis of the Imperial Palace overlaps with the axis of the whole city from south to north. This mode of combining the axis of the palace and the axis of the city is not only due to the special geographical conditions of Nanjing, but also a masterpiece of following the etiquette system, echoing the astronomical phenomena and conforming to the natural construction. The overall layout and architectural form became the blueprint of the later Ming Dynasty central capital and Beijing City, and had a far-reaching impact on the layout and form of palace buildings in China's Ming Dynasty palace, Korea's Seoul Jingfu palace, Vietnam's Shunhua Forbidden City, Ryukyu's Shouli City, etc. Its architectural style and decorative style, as the master of official architecture in Ming and Qing Dynasties, have been influenced up to now.

In October 1956, the people's Government of Jiangsu Province announced the Ming Palace site as a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province; in May 2006, the State Council announced the Ming Palace site as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Historical evolution

In 1353, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the suggestion that general Feng should use Jinling as the capital. Three years later, he attacked Jiqing (now Nanjing) and renamed it yingtianfu.

In 1366, the Imperial Palace in Nanjing began to be built. Liu Ji, who was proficient in geomantic art, ordered Liu Ji and others to build a new palace. Finally, the site was selected as the geomantic treasure land of "Zhongfu Longpan" and "imperial residence". More than 200000 military and civilian craftsmen were recruited to fill yanque lake and "build a new city". At first, it was called "new palace of King Wu", and later it was also called "imperial city". The Palace Museum of Nanjing, with the rich mountain of Zijin Mountain as its backing, is magnificent and magnificent.

On January 17, 1367, the first year of Wu in Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang presided over a grand commencement ceremony and worshipped the God of mountains and rivers. Zhu Yuanzhang convened tens of thousands of troops in Beijing to build the palace city, which was initially completed on October 23, establishing the embryonic form of the palace city system in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, Zhu Yuanzhang also built houses in the space around the palace walls to house the soldiers who were disabled due to fighting, and he was responsible for the night patrol outside the palace city at that time.

In the first year of Hongwu (1368) of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne as emperor, took yingtianfu as Nanjing, and officially moved from "old Nei" to "new palace". According to the system of zuozu and YouSHE, Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, set the sacrifice of the four relatives' temples in Nanjing. The system was that each temple had a leader, and the temples all faced south, surrounded by Zhouyuan.

In 1369, the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, the capital of China was built in Fengyang. Because all the human and material resources were concentrated on the construction of Zhongdu city and palace, the expansion work of Nanjing Palace was terminated again. Only the necessary repairs to the existing palace were carried out in the following years.

In the first month of the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), the Ming Dynasty ordered the construction of Fengxian hall in the east of Qianqing palace, which was completed in October of the same year.

In 1375, Zhu Yuanzhang gave up his plan to build Zhongdu and concentrated on Nanjing. On September 29, the imperial edict was issued to rebuild the palace. In this construction, the left and right que gates (including the left and right que gates) and the left and right ye gates were added to the Meridian Gate, the East and West angle gates were added to the left and right Fengtian gate, and the Wenhua hall, Wuying hall and other buildings were added.

In the tenth year of Hongwu reign of Ming Dynasty (1377), the altar of state, the altar of Xiannong, the altar of mountains and rivers, the altar of Yuejiang, the altar of Taisui, the altar of stars, the altar of sun, the altar of moon and the altar of praying for rain were built.

In December 1386, most of the elephants who paid tribute to the envoys of Southeast Asian countries and officials from the South concentrated in the area of jubaomen (now Zhonghuamen) and tongjimenwai in Nanjing, and "set up elephant houses" in the suburbs of the south of Nanjing. The domesticated elephants are sent to the palace for performance when necessary (so the name of Waiguo gate in Nanjing is called "big tame elephant gate" and "small tame elephant gate").

In the 25th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1392), it was added again, adding palace walls outside the Imperial City, taking the new wall as the Imperial City, and the original imperial city was renamed palace city. In front of the palace city, Duanmen, chengtianmen and jinshuiqiao were built to form a "t" shaped square, reaching South to hongwumen (built in 1373). On the east side of the square are the five divisions (the punishment division is outside the Taiping gate in the north of the Imperial City), and on the west side are the five military governors' offices.

In 1402, the fourth year of Jianwen in Ming Dynasty, after four years of war, Zhu Di, the king of Yan, conquered the capital. As a result, the capital city fell and the palace was on fire. The Fengtian palace and other palaces were burned down, and the whereabouts of Jianwen emperor were unknown.

In 1402, Zhu Di ascended the throne in Nanjing and still lived in the Palace Museum of Nanjing. Later, he ordered Peiping (today's Beijing) to be his capital.

In the fourth year of Yongle (1406) of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di officially ordered the construction of a Beijing Palace on the site of yuandanei palace in Beijing. According to the records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty, "all the temples, temples, jars, palaces, gates and palaces in the Forbidden City are as magnificent as Nanjing."

In 1420, the imperial palace of Beijing was basically completed. On the fourth day of September, Chengzu established his capital in Beijing, and sent Xia Yuanji, the Minister of household affairs, to summon the crown prince and his grandson. He was due to arrive in Beijing at the end of December. On the 22nd, he issued an edict: from the first month of the next year, the capital will be changed to Nanjing, and Beijing will be the capital. There will be six departments, which will be called Yunxing. In addition, the seal letters of Nanjing were given to all the Yamen in the capital, and the seal letters of Nanjing yamen were also made with the word "Nanjing" added. On the fourth day of November, he announced to the world that he would move his capital to Beijing.

On the first day of the first month of the 19th year of Yongle (1421), the capital of the Ming Dynasty was officially moved to Beijing. On the 11th, Nanxiao was worshipped, and on the 15th, amnesty was granted. Since then, the Imperial Palace in Nanjing has remained as the palace of the remaining capital, and has been managed by royal families and officials.

In 1425, the first year of Hongxi reign of Ming Dynasty, Zhu gaochi, the eldest son of Zhu Di and Emperor Mingren, wanted to move his capital back to Nanjing. According to Renzong in Ming history, Zhu gaochi "moved his capital to Nanjing in March 1898, the first year of Hongxi, and ordered all the officials in Beijing to go to In April, Renzi ordered the crown prince (i.e. Zhu Zhanji) to visit Xiaoling, so he lived in Nanjing. " Nanjing became the capital of Ming Dynasty again. Zhu gaochi also ordered the restoration of the imperial city of Nanjing, but after May, he died of a sudden illness. His imperial edict said: "the north and the South provide hundreds of millions of labor, the army and the people are trapped. It's my heart to look up to Nanjing. " It can be seen from this that he never forgets the feeling of moving the capital to Nanjing. But at this time, the renovation of the Imperial Palace in Nanjing was still in progress, and it was basically completed by the end of the next year.

In the 14th year of the Ming Dynasty (1449), there was a thunderstorm in June of summer, and the Jingshen and Huagai halls were hit by lightning and caught fire.

In May of the 21st year of Chenghua (1485) of the Ming Dynasty, "the strong wind in Nanjing pulled up the trees of the Taimiao temple and destroyed the big sacrificial hall and the beast kisses of the gates of the imperial city.".

In 1522, the first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, "in autumn and July, the storm, the river overflowing, the tombs, the palaces, the palaces, the walls of the city are all damaged.".

In 1600, after visiting Beijing, Matteo Ricci, a missionary of the Ming Dynasty, made a comparison between Beijing and Nanjing: the size of the city, the layout of its houses, the structure of its public buildings, and its fortifications were far inferior to those of Nanjing. Nanjing Ming Palace Museum and city scale can be imagined.

In 1644, Li Zicheng led the peasant uprising army to capture Beijing. After Zhu Youjian, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, died in Beijing, his younger brother Zhu Yousong rode eastward from sanshanmen on the first day of may in the same year to pay homage to Xiaoling and Prince Yiwen's mausoleum. Then he entered Donghuamen via Chaoyang gate, paid homage to Fengxian hall, and left xihuamen. On the second day of May, Zhu Yousong, according to the emperor of Ming Dynasty

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