Former residence of Zhang Juzheng

Former residence of Zhang Juzheng

Zhang Juzheng's former residence is located in the east gate of ancient city, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. There is a street named after Zhang Juzheng in Jingzhou Ancient City for a long time. As the name suggests, Zhang Juzheng's former residence is on this street. Due to historical reasons, his former residence was destroyed in the war. After that, the former residence of Zhang Juzheng was rebuilt in Jingzhou City, and the layout was based on its original architectural landscape. Including the University scholar's mansion, nine birds garden, exhibition hall, culture and art gallery, the first auxiliary demonstration group sculpture, etc. The scenic spot is a national AAA scenic spot.

Introduction to former residence

The former residence of Zhang Juzheng is located in the east gate of the ancient city of Jingzhou City, Hubei Province. There is a street named after Zhang Juzheng in Jingzhou Ancient City for a long time. As the name suggests, Zhang Juzheng's former residence is on this street. Due to historical reasons, his former residence was destroyed in the war. In order to provide a place for future generations to remember and commemorate Zhang Juzheng, Jingzhou City decided to rebuild his former residence. Because "Jiangling stele garden" is located near Zhang Juzheng's former residence, it uses its idle resources to rebuild the former residence, and uses its original architectural landscape layout.

The construction of Zhang Juzheng's former residence is a sub project of the ancient city tourism development and construction, which is organized and implemented by Jingzhou Tourism Bureau and Jingzhou district government. Located in Jingzhou tablet garden scenic area, close to Binyang building scenic area in the east gate, the reconstructed former residence of Zhang Juzheng takes the old house he lived in as the prototype, which belongs to the style of courtyard and small garden in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It highlights the original historical style and cultural environment of the former residence, restores the historical architectural landscape, and displays the historical relics and culture of Zhang Juzheng's life.

Structure of scenic spots

According to the Hubei Daily, the newly completed former residence of Zhang Juzheng includes the imitation of the Ming and Qing Dynasty's quadruple courtyard, West Garden, Zhaobi, Zhang Wenzhong ancestral hall, Wenchang Pavilion, shenguichi, panrilou, Chunzhong hall, Nanmen square, etc.

It also includes the University scholar's mansion, nine bird garden, exhibition hall, culture and art gallery, and the first group sculpture.

In view of his outstanding achievements, the tomb was built in the 10th year of Wanli (A.D. 1582). The stone tablet is one foot high and four feet high. It is engraved with "the tomb of Zhang Wenzhong, the great master of the Ming Dynasty", with stone carvings, incense burner and wax platform to offer sacrifices to his spirit in heaven.

On both sides of the corridor are Weng Zhong (Stone Man), Shi Ma and other tombstone beasts. A three meter high wall is built about 15 meters away from the center. According to legend, Yang Bo in Beijing Opera Er Jin Gong refers to him, because he was named "Yang Bo" by his parents when he was a child.

Personage introduction

Zhang Juzheng (from May 1525 to July 1582) was born in Jiangling, Hubei Province. Politicians and reformers in the Ming Dynasty are known as the "outstanding prime ministers" and controversial prime ministers in history. It is said that before Zhang Juzheng was born, his great grandfather had a dream: in the dream, a full moon fell in the urn, shining all around, and then a white turtle slowly floated from the water. Great grandfather believed that baigui was the little great grandson, so he gave him a nickname "baigui" in the hope that he would honor his ancestors in the future. He entered the school at the age of 5. At the age of 7, he was able to pass the six classics. At the age of 12, he was a scholar. At the age of 13, he took part in the local examination and wrote a very beautiful article. It was only because Hu Guang governor Gu LAN wanted Zhang Juzheng to practice for a few more years that he failed in the exam. At the age of 16, he became a Juren. At the age of 23, he became a Jinshi in the 26th year of Jiajing (1547). He went from an editor to a lecturer. In the first year of Longqing (1567), he served as the left servant of the Ministry of officials and the Bachelor of Dongge. In Longqing period, he was the Minister of the Ministry of officials and the great scholar of Jianji hall. In the early years of Wanli, Dai Gaogong took the lead. At that time, mingshenzong was young, and all military and political affairs were ruled by Zhang Juzheng.

Just as Zhang Juzheng was making great efforts to rectify the administration of officials and carry out political reform, the imperial censor Liu Tai sued him in front of Shenzong, saying that he was "good at power and fortune, reckless in personal affairs, and invincible.". When Zhang Juzheng knew it, he said to Shenzong, "where a minister is, he is in danger; the speaker thinks that he is good at doing good things, but what he does is good at doing good things. Will Xun Shun please me? Then he will be responsible for the country? There is no way to escape the ridicule of the expert. " A head-on blow to those who attacked him.

In the fifth year of Wanli, his father died. According to feudal ethics, he should go home to "observe the system". However, considering the complexity of state affairs and the young master, he was still "gifted" and did not go home to observe the system. This has caused some people to attack him, saying that he "forgot his relatives and was greedy for his position". Zhang Han, the Minister of the Ministry of official, even beat his chest and sighed: "the three cardinal guides are fallen!" However, with his firm resistance and the support of the emperor, all those who attacked him were dismissed one by one.

In 1582, Zhang Juzheng died, and those who had been punished for attacking him in the past were reinstated. In front of Shenzong, Zhongguan Zhang Cheng said that he and Feng Bao had "made friends wantonly.". He also said that his family "has more treasures than Tianfu.". The censor Yang Keli accused him of setting up the king of Liao. The imperial concubine of Liao wrote to defend the king of Liao, and said that there were thousands of treasures in Liao's house, all of them went to Juzheng's home. Confused by these slanders, Shenzong announced his guilt, ordered his official rank to be cut off, his posthumous title to be deprived, his family property to be seized, and his eldest son Zhang Jingxiu to be arrested in prison. Other relatives were sent to the "miasmatic ground" to be exiled. As a result of house hunting, I realized that his property was less than one twentieth of Yan Song's.

In 1621, Emperor Xizong Zhu ascended the throne from school, restored Zhang Juzheng's official rank, and was buried again. It was not until the third year of Chongzhen (1630) that Luo Yuyi, the Minister of rites, declared his injustice, that his case was gradually corrected. His descendants were restored to their posts. Zhang Juzheng was not only enthusiastic about reforming politics, but also left some rich political papers and sincere poems. The complete works of Zhang Wenzhong is handed down. Zhang Juzheng had been prime minister for 10 years, and carried out a series of reform measures, which achieved certain results. He checked the land hidden by the landlords, carried out a whip law, changed the tax system, and improved the financial situation of the Ming government. He used famous generals Qi Jiguang and Li Chengliang to train troops, strengthen the northern border defense and straighten out the defense of border towns. He used Ling Yunyi and Yin Zhengmao to pacify the rebellion of the southern ethnic minorities.

Character contribution

Politics

In his decades of official career, Zhang Juzheng has always paid attention to observing and thinking about many problems in the social reality, and carefully explored the experience and lessons of the ups and downs of the past dynasties. In 1568, he wrote a letter to Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty, Chen Liushi Shu, trying to get rid of all kinds of malpractices since Jiajing. Zhang Juzheng's reform ideas mainly include "provincial discussion" (forbidding empty words and paying attention to reality), "Zhen Gang Ji" (rectifying discipline and strictly enforcing laws), "heavy imperial edicts" (forbidding orders and improving efficiency), "check names and facts" (strictly examining courses and selecting talents), "consolidate the nation's foundation" (paying less attention to corvee and taxes and pacifying the people), and "strengthen military preparedness" (training the army and strictly guarding the border). Although these ideas were not put into practice at that time, we can see the original blueprint of Zhang Juzheng's reform, which can be said to be the prelude of Zhang Juzheng's comprehensive reform.

In 1572, Mu Zong died, and Zhu Yijun, the crown prince, took over the throne and changed the Yuan Dynasty to "Wanli", namely Ming Shenzong. During the reign of emperor Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty, he trusted Zhang Juzheng very much, so he ordered Zhang Juzheng and other three ministers to assist him. In the early years of Wanli, Zhang Juzheng and Feng Bao, the great eunuch, jointly pushed down Gao Gong and became the first assistant. Because Shenzong was young, all military and political affairs were decided by Zhang Juzheng, who "had the courage to do things and took the world as his own responsibility". Since taking up the post of cabinet chief assistant in 1573, a series of reforms have been carried out with the main contents of rectifying the administration of officials, developing the economy and consolidating the frontier defense. As a result, the last glory of the gloomy Ming Dynasty has appeared.

Zhang Juzheng's reform, which began in the early years of Wanli, first started with rectifying the administration of officials. He believes that the main reason for the political corruption of the government and the public at that time was "unclear administration of officials". In order to rectify the administration of officials, to achieve clean and honest administration, to make people's life stable, so as to make the feudal regime long-term stability, Zhang Juzheng carried out the "test into law" in the first year of Wanli (1573). Its main content is to strengthen the administrative and supervisory responsibilities of the cabinet, and to improve the supervisory functions of the six departments of officials, households, rites, soldiers, punishment and industry. The six branches are the corresponding supervisory organs set up for the six departments of officials, households, rites, soldiers, punishment and industry. Zhang Juzheng used the six branches to supervise the six departments, and used the six branches to supervise the various departments and local governors. Finally, the cabinet directly controlled the six branches and grasped the power to supervise the officials at all levels. The examination law also implements the inspection system of checking at any time and making every duty to the six ministries, the capital inspection yuan and other specific administrative offices. This rigorous and complete examination system transferred the power of eunuch to the cabinet, which reduced the possibility of eunuch interfering in politics to a certain extent, greatly improved the authority of the cabinet, concentrated the power in the first and the second, and strengthened the centralization of power. The examination method improves the work efficiency, reduces the buck passing and wrangling among various departments, and makes it possible to streamline the organization and save government expenditure. Later, Zhang Juzheng ordered the reduction of redundant officials in the Ministry and the provincial departments, governments, prefectures and counties, so as to improve the quality and administrative efficiency of officials. All these laid the foundation for the various reforms carried out by Zhang Juzheng. By rectifying the administration of officials and streamlining the organization, Zhang Juzheng obtained a highly efficient and handy administrative team, which made ideological and organizational preparations for promoting economic reform.

In the process of rectifying the administration of officials, Zhang Juzheng hated the social situation of bribery and corruption in Jiajing and Longqing periods. As a result, he took decisive measures to rectify the situation after he became the first assistant

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Ju Zheng Gu Ju