Nanjing folk custom museum

Nanjing folk custom museum

Nanjing folk custom museum is located in Ganxi residence of nanzhuting hall, Zhongshan South Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, with a total area of 14060 square meters. It is a specialized organization for collecting and displaying folk goods, studying folk customs and promoting excellent traditional folk culture in Nanjing. In 2010, it established the first "double Museum" of folk custom and intangible cultural heritage in China.

Ganxi house, also known as Ganxi's former residence or Ganjia courtyard, is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Built in the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, it is commonly known as "ninety-nine rooms and a half". Together with the Xiaoling of the Ming Dynasty and the wall of the Ming Dynasty, it is known as the three major landscapes of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Nanjing. Nanjing Folk Museum is the witness and epitome of the old city culture of Nanjing. It is an important exhibition place of Nanjing folk culture and intangible cultural heritage. Visitors can learn about the basic situation of more than 100 municipal intangible cultural heritage projects in Nanjing Folk Museum, and watch the performance of representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage.

Historical evolution

In 1982, the Nanjing Municipal Department of cultural relics discovered the "former residence of Ganxi" in the city's cultural relics survey, which is commonly known as the "ninety nine and a half" and "Ganjia courtyard" and is designated as a municipal cultural protection unit.

In 1986, in order to protect and make rational use of the traditional dwellings in Nanjing, the cultural relics department began to build the Nanjing folk custom museum in Ganxi's former residence.

In 1986, in order to strengthen the scientific protection and rational utilization of traditional dwellings in Nanjing, the municipal folk custom museum was planned to be built, and the residents of the front and rear three entrances of nanzhuting hall No. 19 and the West courtyard (one main and one auxiliary) were relocated and repaired.

On November 18, 1992, Nanjing folk custom museum was built and opened to the public. The residents of nanzhuting hall No.19 and xipianyuan (one main and one auxiliary) were relocated and renovated to build the city folk custom museum and open to the public. After the establishment of Nanjing folk custom museum, on the one hand, it strengthened the protection and management of "Ganxi's former residence" and actively formulated the protection plan; on the other hand, it actively carried out the basic work of collection, publicity, exhibition and social education of folk cultural relics.

In 1995, the former residence of Ganxi was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Jiangsu provincial government.

In June 2000, according to the document requirements of the Ministry of construction of the people's Republic of China on applying for the protection project of the traditional historical district in a famous historical and cultural city, and under the unified deployment of the Municipal Bureau of cultural relics, Nanjing Folk Custom Museum organized personnel to go into the nanzhuting area to investigate the situation of residential buildings, calculated the relevant area and population data, took information photos, and sorted out the current situation and protection planning 》The protection of nanzhuting historic district was reported to the Ministry of construction and the provincial and municipal construction committees as a whole project. At the beginning of the next year, the project was included in the 2000 project of the Ministry of Finance (the only one in Jiangsu Province). The Ministry of construction, the Ministry of Finance and the State Planning Commission jointly issued the project approval and the special report of historic district This is a subsidy.

In 2001, Nanjing folk custom museum was listed as a patriotic education base by the municipal Party committee and the municipal government. On May 17 of the same year, the traditional residential protection project of nanboting historic district was officially approved. The traditional residential protection project of nanboting historic district is located in the South downtown area of Nanjing old city, starting from Zhongshan South Road in the East, Daban Lane in the west, nanboting hall in the north, guanyin'an and dingpan Lane in the south. On August 4 of the same year, the demolition work of the first phase of the project officially began and ended on October 20.

In 2002, after one year's maintenance, the three groups of nanzhuting hall reopened the former residence of Ganxi, and the popular name of "Ganjia courtyard" began to spread among the people.

In 2006, Ganxi's former residence was approved by the State Council as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and was renamed "Ganxi residence". In the same year, the later renovation and environmental improvement project of Ganxi house was officially launched.

In 2007, in addition to the original nanpaoting building, the cultural relics department restored the ancient buildings at 42 and 46 Daban lane, rebuilt jinpaolou and Xiaoyuan, added the corridor and waterside pavilion of Xiaoyuan, and preserved and restored an excellent building of the Republic of China, tingqiu Pavilion.

On June 18, 2007, the house of Ganxi reappeared its original appearance.

In January 2010, in order to display Nanjing's intangible cultural heritage in an all-round way, protect and inherit Nanjing's intangible cultural heritage resources, the Municipal Bureau of culture, radio, film and television decided to set up Nanjing's Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum in Nanjing folk custom museum, and establish the first "double Museum" of folk custom and intangible cultural heritage in China.

Structural layout

overview

Nanjing folk custom museum is located at No.15, 17, 19 nanzhuting and No.42 Daban lane, Qinhuai District, Nanjing City, which is the former residence of Ganxi. The complex covers an area of 14060 square meters and has a history of more than 180 years. Therefore, a rockery fish pond is built in the middle, and flowers and trees are widely planted. "Maoting" is built on the top of the false mountain, overlooking the whole building complex from the mountain. It is high, with winding corridors and deep gardens. The layout is reasonable and elegant.

The former residence of Gan Xi, a famous scholar and local chronicler in Qing Dynasty, covers an area of nearly 10000 square meters. Commonly known as "ninety nine rooms and a half", it is also known as the three major landscapes of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Nanjing along with the Ming Xiaoling and Ming city wall. It is of high historical, scientific and tourism value. It is the largest and most intact residential complex of Qing Dynasty in Nanjing. There are 162 rooms in Ganxi's former residence, commonly known as "ninety nine and a half rooms".

structure

The wooden structure is used as the load-bearing system of the residential buildings. The frame of lifting beam and crossing bucket is used to bear the weight of the roof and floor. The hollow bucket wall or masonry wall is used to protect and separate the space to form the building. The basic unit of the residential buildings is room. A building with three to five odd number of rooms connected horizontally is called a house. The house is composed of the house and the front courtyard. The house with more than one entrance is connected in series and enclosed by high walls. This is usually referred to as a house with more than one entrance. Ganxi's former residence is such a horizontal composition of the four down five into the big house.

layout

The layout of Ganxi's former residence was arranged in strict accordance with the patriarchal clan system and the feudal society's patriarchal clan system, paying attention to the idea of full descendants and generations in the same hall. These ideas reflected in the architecture led to the large scale and strict hierarchy of the mansion, and the location, decoration, area and shape of all kinds of houses had roughly unified hierarchy.

Gan Xi studied the geology of gold and stone, and was good at geomantic prospecting and astrology. His former residence faces north and south, and his architecture faces north and south, so as to remember his ancestors. There are as many as 35 large and small patios in the former residence. It is said that there are 32 wells and inspection wells. At present, more than 10 wells have been found, some in the patio, some in the room, some under the cornice, and some at the threshold, which solve the problems of ventilation, lighting, water supply and drainage. The sink under the cornice of the roof allows the rainwater to flow from the gutter to the courtyard patio, playing the role of "four water return to the bright hall, fat water" The function of "no outflow".

The layout of the former residence is rigorous and symmetrical, the primary and secondary is clear, the middle high side is low, the front is low and the back is high, step by step to the climax. The open space on the main axis of each landing is slightly larger than that on both sides, and the entrance of the whole residence is located in the middle of the main landing. All kinds of rooms arranged along the deep axis are arranged in order as follows: one into the hall, two into the car hall, three into the main hall, four and five into the inner hall, etc. The buildings arranged in the side fall are smaller than those in the front fall in terms of the width of the Bay and the total number of rooms. In general, the plane of each entry in the side fall is not exactly the same as that in the front fall. The central axis of bianluo is not completely connected, and each hall can only enter through Beinong and patio. The prominent position of the central axis in the layout of the mansion is the reflection of the feudal social life style and ideology.

Ganxi's former residence is not an Hui style building, nor a complete Soviet style building. Like Gaochun and Liuhe in Nanjing, it has its own architectural style. For example, the decoration of the gatehouse is simple and generous, the fire wall is particularly tall and practical. The whole building reflects the cultural taste and ethics of the gentry in Jinling.

Exhibition Profile

Ganjiazhaidi complex

Former residence of Gan Xi

The former residence of Gan Xi, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, was built in the early years of Daoguang. Its architecture inherits the style of Huizhou ancient architecture, with exquisite wood and stone carvings. It also has the architectural style of Taihu Lake Basin, and pays attention to the detailed carving of hall beams. It took the Gan family 50 years to build four groups of houses with more than 300 rooms, which is commonly known as "ninety-nine and a half rooms".

Jinpaolou

Jinpaolou is not only the library of Gan family, but also the famous library of Jinling in Qing Dynasty. In addition to collecting rare secret books of the past dynasties, Jin Pao Lou also collected a large number of Gan's own works. After burning, jinpaolou was rebuilt. The collection of books preserved today is scattered in various rooms for family members to read at ordinary times.

Moon tower

It was originally Miss Gan's Embroidery building, but later it was destroyed because of jinpao building, and the remaining 20000 or 30000 books were moved to Wangyue building (No. 19, nanzhuting Hall).

Yougong Hall

In the early years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty, Gan Guodong bought a piece of homestead and began to build a house at nanpaoting, which was called Fuxi street at that time. Jiaqing had officially moved here at the end of the Qing Dynasty (1799) and named it "Yougong hall". "Yougong hall" is the name of Gan family in nanzhuting hall

Chinese PinYin : Nan Jing Shi Min Su Bo Wu Guan