executive yuan

The executive yuan of the national government is one of the five branches of the Kuomintang government. Its former site is 252 and 254 Zhongshan North Road. Now it is the site of Nanjing Institute of political science of the Chinese people's Liberation Army.

executive yuan

Executive Yuan was the political power in Taiwan during the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949) and after October 1, 1949

It's our agency. According to Article 53 of the constitution of the Republic of China, "the Executive Yuan is the highest administrative organ of the state." Therefore, the Executive Yuan is the highest administrative organ of the Republic of China, and is responsible to the court in accordance with Article 3 (2) of the amended articles of the constitution of the Republic of China.

In the reports on the special circumstances of the "Executive Yuan" of the Taiwan regional political power after October 1, 1949, when it is necessary to directly address the above-mentioned institutions, quotation marks must be added, while the word "so-called" should be added in our radio and television media.

It is not equivalent to "the government of the Republic of China". In addition to the broad sense of the five branches of government, in the narrow sense, after 1949, the Executive Yuan in Taiwan can be called "Taiwan administrative department" or "Taiwan administrative authority".

After several amendments to the law from 1992 to 2004, the power of Taiwan's leaders has increased, so that the so-called "government of the Republic of China" can also be referred to as the "Executive Yuan" (internal affairs, finance, etc.) and the "presidential office" (part of the defense and foreign Affairs).

The Executive Yuan consists of one president, who is appointed by the president; one vice president, 10 administrative members who also serve as the head of the Ministry, and seven administrative members regardless of the Ministry, who are appointed by the president upon the president's request, and jointly form a meeting of the Executive Yuan. Under the leadership of the president, the Executive Yuan will decide on major policies and propose laws, budgets, martial law, amnesty, declaration of war, peace and treaties to the Legislative Yuan And so on.

evolution

After the National Revolutionary Army completed the northern expedition in 1928 and the Northeast military leader Zhang Xueliang announced his support for the Nanjing National Government, the national government passed the organic law of the national government of the Republic of China on October 3 of the same year and established the Executive Yuan as the highest administrative organ in the country according to the law. On October 8 of the same year, the national government adopted Tan Yankai as the first president of the Executive Yuan. At that time, the Executive Yuan had 10 ministries, including internal affairs, foreign affairs, military administration, finance, agriculture and mining, industry and commerce, education, transportation, railway and health. On October 25, the president and ten ministers of the Executive Yuan were sworn in, and the Executive Yuan officially opened.

After the promulgation and implementation of the constitution of the Republic of China on New Year's day in 1947, the Executive Yuan was designated as the highest administrative organ of the country. In order to distinguish it from the Executive Yuan, which was one of the five branches of the national government during the "political training" period, it was once renamed as "executive yuan of constitution". On March 31 of the same year, the organic law of the Executive Yuan was promulgated, which became the organizational structure of "eight ministries and two committees" after six amendments.

Set up the source of law

According to Article 1 of the regulations on the organization of the personnel administration bureau of the Executive Yuan, the Executive Yuan has a personnel administration bureau. According to Article 1 of the central bank law, the Executive Yuan has a central bank. According to Article 3 of the atomic energy law, the Executive Yuan has an Atomic Energy Commission. According to Article 8 of the law on the election and recall of public officials, the Executive Yuan has a central election committee. According to articles 25 and 29 of the fair trade law, the Executive Yuan has set up a fair trade commission. According to Article 40 of the consumer protection law, the Executive Yuan has a consumer protection committee. According to Article 3 of the "law on investigation of aviation accidents", the "Executive Yuan" has set up the "aviation safety investigation committee". (before the "new organization regulations" of Taiwan were deliberated and passed by the "Legislative Yuan", the aviation safety committee was still set up in accordance with Article 84 of the civil aviation law.) according to Article 3 of the "Basic Law on communication and communication", the "Executive Yuan" has set up the "national communication and communication committee", which independently exercises its functions and powers according to law.

administrative meeting

The "Council of the Executive Yuan" (hereinafter referred to as the Council of the Executive Yuan) is composed of the "President", "vice president" and "administrative commissar" of the Executive Yuan, together with the heads of the four committees of the nine "ministries", and is the highest decision-making meeting of the administrative departments of the "central government". As for the secretaries general, deputy secretaries general, Comptrollers general, directors of personnel administration and information bureaus of the Executive Yuan, as well as the mayors of Taipei and Kaohsiung designated by the president of the Executive Yuan, although they should attend the meetings of the Executive Yuan as nonvoting delegates, they do not have the right to vote.

In principle, the Executive Yuan meets once a week, but when major events occur in Taiwan, the president of the Executive Yuan may hold an interim meeting. Before 2000, the "Executive Yuan meeting" was fixed to be held every Thursday. During the period of the DPP's ruling from 2000 to 2008, it was changed to Wednesday. However, after Liu Zhaoxuan's "cabinet" took office, it was changed back to Thursday. As of the end of September 2009, the Executive Yuan has held 3163 meetings.

Status nature

From the operation of Chen Ma's two leaders on the "cabinet", Taiwan's "Executive Yuan" system is different from the "parliamentary cabinet system", that is, the "cabinet" is not responsible for the "parliament", but directly responsible for the "President". Since both the "President" and the "Congress" are elected by the people, they are not subordinate to each other, which is similar to the presidential system of the United States. Of course, the cabinet does not need to be responsible to the Congress. But if the president is in charge, he will bear the risk of political responsibility, so the emergence of the responsible cabinet under the presidential system has become a historical choice. The responsible cabinet system under the presidential system not only maintains the "separation of powers" pattern, but also enables the president to get rid of political responsibility. Once the president is in power crisis, he can completely shift the focus of contradictions by changing the cabinet, without having to step down by himself. Even when the president's political crisis has reached a very serious stage, he can still maintain his position by declaring "decentralization". The "cabinet system" under the "presidential system" is a new political system produced in the practice of Taiwan's "five power constitution" theory. Its advantage is that it distinguishes election from governance. Traditionally, the election system and the civil service system are irreconcilable, and the officials who come to power by election often only know about political struggle and election, but they are often unable to manage the country; while the traditional civil service system can not represent public opinion, although the administrative efficiency is high, it is easy to breed corruption. The "cabinet system" under the "presidential system" solves this problem very well. The "President" concentrates on politics, while the "cabinet" concentrates on administration. The "President" is elected, and then the "President" is appointed as a civil official who is good at administration to take charge of the cabinet, so as to achieve the perfect combination of election and governance. Taking the "cabinet" of Liu and Wu as an example, many of the "cabinet members" are dedicated There are a lot of scholars and doctors.

The responsibility cabinet system under the presidential system is the result of the combination of the western theory of "separation of powers" and the traditional Chinese political tradition. Not all the emperors in ancient China had the ability to govern the country. They often delegated great powers to the government represented by the prime minister to manage the state's administrative affairs (cabinet in Ming Dynasty, cabinet and military office in Qing Dynasty). The disadvantage of the presidential system is that the president has too much power, and the people often can't control the government. For example, in Yuan Shikai's period, it is easy to lead to dictatorship; the disadvantage of the cabinet system is that the central government has no authority, the local governments act independently, and the regime changes frequently, which is not conducive to the stability of the country and society. The cabinet system under the presidential system, which combines the advantages of the presidential system and the cabinet system, takes the advantages of the two and gives up the disadvantages of the two, is a more scientific political system.

In the past, the "cabinet" was generally used as a scapegoat for the incompetence of the leaders. For example, during the eight years of Chen Shui Bian's reign, he changed the "cabinet" for six terms. The practice of "cabinet" taking responsibility began in 2008 when the DPP lost the "Legislative Yuan" election in Taiwan. In September 2009, Liu Zhaoxuan's resignation from the "cabinet" was approved in order to be responsible for the poor disaster relief of the August 8 flood, which formally set a precedent for the "cabinet" to assume political responsibility.

Of course, whether this new political system can adapt to the requirements of social development in the new era needs to be further tested by history.

defect

The 1947 constitution stipulates that the "Premier" has the power to countersign the decisions of the leaders of the Taiwan authorities. According to this provision, the "Premier" has greater power. However, after all the "constitutional amendments" since the 1990s, the "cabinet premier" no longer has the power of deputy, and the leaders have more power to take, forming a system of "President" with "power without responsibility" and "chief executive" with "responsibility without power". The "Chief Executive" needs to report his work to the "Legislative Yuan" and receive questions, while the leaders of the authorities have no such obligation. Beyond the constraints of the system, such a system of decentralization is universal Before the 2008 Taiwan election, Shi Mingde warned that "if we do not change the political system to" parliamentary system ", the election will be extremely tragic.". During Xie Changting's term as "cabinet premier", it was said that Bian wanted to change the "cabinet". Xie Changting was very helpless and could only lament that "every day was regarded as the last day". During Su Zhenchang's term as "cabinet premier", he suffered from all kinds of social attacks and could only smile bitterly that "people who really do things have no time to curse people.". Most of the time, the "prime minister" has become the scapegoat of the "President", which makes the executive unable to handle affairs at ease. This is the defect of the current system.

Directly subordinate organs

Secondary organs

Ministry

"The Ministry of the interior", "the Ministry of foreign affairs", "the state"

Chinese PinYin : Hang Zheng Yuan