Tombs of Qin and Han Dynasties

Tombs of Qin and Han Dynasties

Located in erhuali, northwest of Shentou Town, Lingcheng District, there are 38 existing ones, the larger one is 40 meters in diameter and 5-6 meters in height, and the smaller one is 14-15 meters in diameter and 3-5 meters in height. It is about two li from north to South and five li from east to west, commonly known as 72 tombs. In 1978, it was identified as a Han tomb by the Provincial Museum.

brief introduction

Shentou Han tombs are commonly known as "Seventy two suspicious tombs". It is located on the North Bank of Duma River to the north of Shentou Town, Lingxian County, and takes Yanci road as the axis. It is distributed in the area about 5 li long from east to west and 3 li wide from north to south. There are 38 existing ones, the larger one is 60 meters in diameter and 9 meters in height, and the smaller one is 14 meters in diameter and 5 meters in height. It turns out that there are many trees on the tomb. In the early morning and evening, there is always a mist like brocade, which is mysterious. The county annals praise it as "doubting the mound and reddening the Emerald" and "shentouxiaoqi", which is listed as "the eight sceneries of weariness". It has been a scenic spot since ancient times. In 1977, it was designated as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit.

In 1978, the local and district archaeological teams excavated No. 4 and No. 15 tombs, and cleared up two remnant tombs. More than 30 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed, most of which were green glazed pottery. For example, the green glazed eight couplet lamp (grade I) was tall, simple and elegant, and each part could be connected and inserted. It showed the ingenuity of ancient craftsmen and was regarded as a treasure of cultural relics. Boshan furnace, shaped like a lotus, budding, beautiful shape. In addition, there are taocang, Taojing, crossbow machine, Shizhu, shichan, hanwuzhu, etc. According to the unearthed cultural relics, it should be a Han tomb. Because there are bones in the tomb chamber, it is not a suspected tomb. Unfortunately, there is no written record of the remains, so it is still impossible to determine the owner of the tomb.

Excavation in Mianyang, Sichuan Province

The discovery of large-scale Qin and Han Tombs in Mianyang may be based on this clue to find the site of Fuxian County in the same period. Sichuan Institute of cultural relics and archaeology has learned that a large-scale Qin and Han tombs have been found in Fucheng District of Mianyang City. Among them, there are 17 ancient tombs in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and more than 1000 funerary objects have been unearthed, which has great archaeological value. The most surprising thing is that two of the brick chambered tombs have been built in the shape of stairs, just like modern leaping floor buildings, and a large number of pottery have been unearthed, so the tomb owners are distinguished. According to reports, this discovery is the largest rescue archaeological excavation in the reconstruction work after the May 12 earthquake in our province.

archaeological discovery

Two thousand year old human teeth found in the tomb

Xiaohengshanzi excavation site, Mojia Town, Fucheng District, Mianyang City. In the middle of the construction site, an area of about 3000 square meters was cordoned off, and there was a warning saying that "archaeological sites are not allowed to enter". From a distance, there are black boards scattered in the excavated tomb chamber on the earth sill. "That's the wooden coffin of the tukeng wooden coffin tomb." Next to the staff told reporters.

According to Zhou Kehua of the Provincial Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, the tombs are located at the site of the resettlement community in the new campus of Mianyang Normal University, and were found during construction on April 26. On May 1, a joint archaeological team composed of the Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology and the Mianyang Municipal Administration of cultural relics officially began to excavate and clean up. In the past month, the archaeological team has discovered 17 ancient tombs from the late Warring States period to the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty in an area of about 3000 square meters, with a huge scale and time span. Among them, there are 13 wooden coffin tombs in tukeng from the late Warring States period to the early Western Han Dynasty, and 4 brick chamber tombs in the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty. More than 1000 burial objects, such as copper, iron, pottery and lacquer wood, have been unearthed. In one of the earth pit tombs, in addition to the five baht coins with the characteristics of the Han Dynasty, there are still remains of human bones and teeth.

A remnant of copper crossbow machine was seen at the scene. Zhou Kehua told reporters that the crossbow machine is a tool for archery. It is an artifact of the late Warring States period. It may be the earliest copper crossbow machine found so far, which is of great archaeological value. In addition, there are iron swords, iron axes, garlic pots, pottery pots, pottery figurines and so on.

brick room grave

The tomb owner's status is not more prominent than ordinary

In the northwest corner of the excavation site, the reporter saw a brick chamber tomb (tomb 10). The tomb is about 3.8 meters long and 2.7 meters wide. All sides and the cemetery are made of bricks. The walls of the tomb are carved with exquisite ornaments. Although the door of the tomb is broken, the whole tomb is relatively complete. What is amazing is that the bottom of the tomb is divided into two terraced layers, with a drop of about 35 cm. There are various pottery objects scattered, including pottery ear cup, pottery chicken Figurine, pottery head Figurine, pottery pattern seal and so on. "It's still a leap type!" According to reports, there are two such "leap floor" brick chamber tombs, which are very rare in Sichuan and Central Plains. "There are no metal objects in the tomb. They may have been stolen shortly after burial." According to the large number of remaining pottery burial objects, the tomb owner may have a higher identity. In addition to the four brick chambered tombs, there are also 13 wooden coffin tombs in earth pits, which are very popular from the Warring States period to the Western Han Dynasty.

According to reports, as early as 1993, cultural relic workers found a large wooden coffin tomb group of the Western Han Dynasty in Shuangbao mountain, two kilometers away. A large number of precious cultural relics including channel lacquer man were unearthed in the tomb. Some scholars believe that according to the fragments of silver jade clothes and the words on the lacquer ear cup unearthed from the Han Dynasty tomb in Shuangbao mountain, the tomb owner has a palace, and his identity is extremely noble, so he should be above the marquis. Therefore, the owner of the Han tomb in shuangbaoshan is likely to be the tomb of the Marquis family in Shifang at that time. As the two tombs are very close to each other and of similar age, there may be some connection between them.

Based on this, archaeologists infer that xiaohengshanzi cemetery and shuangbaoshan Han tomb belong to the same culture, and it is possible to find the site of Fuxian County in the same period according to this clue. According to historical records, the county seat of Fu County was built in the reign of emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty, and the specific address of the site can not be found at present.

analysis

Did Chengdu and Mianyang exchange frequently before 2000?

According to Zhou Kehua, among the 13 wooden coffin tombs in earth pits discovered this time, there were no coffins, only coffin chambers, and a large number of green paste mud and white paste mud were used for sealing and protection. "This phenomenon has also been found in the tombs of Qin people in Qingchuan, Chengdu, Longquanyi and Yingjing." Zhou Kehua said that there may be two reasons for this situation. One is that the burial customs of Chengdu and Mianyang before 2000 are similar. The other is that there may be a cultural transmission route, and the two places interact in terms of cultural customs.

"Now we can preliminarily judge that xiaohengshanzi cemetery is a high-level, large-scale and very important Han Dynasty tomb group in Sichuan after shuangbaoshan Han tomb! It is of great value to establish the standard of Han Tombs in Sichuan. At the same time, this is also the largest rescue archaeological excavation in the reconstruction work after the May 12 disaster in our province. " Gao Dalun, President of the Sichuan Provincial Institute of cultural relics and archaeology, said that since the May 12 earthquake last year, more than ten rescue archaeological excavations have been carried out in Sichuan Province, mainly in Mianyang, Deyang and Renshou, and thousands of cultural relics have been unearthed

Address: Northeast Shentou Town, Ling County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province

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