Luban Temple

Luban Temple

Luban temple is located in the north of Drum Tower and the southwest of Jizhou No.1 Middle School in the center of Jizhou city, Tianjin. It is small and unique in shape, with carved beams and painted buildings. It is the place where the ancestor of civil craftsman Luban was worshipped in ancient times, and is now a municipal cultural relic protection unit. Luban is the representative of many skilled craftsmen and the embodiment of the wisdom of the ancient working people. It is composed of Mountain Gate, main hall and East and west side halls, covering an area of more than 800 square meters. Lu Ban, a famous craftsman and inventor of the state of Lu in the spring and Autumn period, was worshipped as the ancestor of civil craftsmen. Now there are statues of Lu Ban and his four disciples in the temple.

Place introduction

The temple

Luban temple, also known as gongshuzi temple, is located on the east side of Gulou North Street (behind the district government compound) in Jizhou city, Tianjin. It is only 3 minutes' walk from Gulou.

Luban temple is composed of Mountain Gate, main hall and East and west side halls, covering an area of more than 800 square meters. The gate is three rooms wide and two rooms deep. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there is a plank gate and a drum stone. In the second room, the eaves are sealed and the hexagonal flower windows are opened. It is a big hard peak.

The main hall is three rooms wide and one room deep, with a front porch. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a diagonal lattice lattice door, and in the second place, there were sill walls and lattice windows.

Under the eaves, a bucket of three liters cross hemp leaves, and a bottle of horn family comes out. The inner and outer eaves are painted with spiral colors, and the Fangxin is decorated with assorted cloud patterns. At the top of Jiuji mountain, green glazed tiles are cut. The East and west side halls are three rooms wide and one room deep.

The layout of the whole building is rigorous with fine workmanship and materials. In the process of maintenance, I heard local people's legends. In the early Qing Dynasty, when the tombs of Kangxi and Qianlong were built in Zunhua, the craftsmen saved some wood, bricks and tiles, and built a Luban temple in Jixian County for the protection of their ancestors.

structure

Luban temple, covering an area of 840 square meters and a construction area of 341 square meters, is a palace style building in the Qing Dynasty. It is famous for its fine workmanship and exquisite painting.

It consists of Mountain Gate, main hall, side hall and bungalow. The gate is three rooms wide and two rooms deep. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there is a board door and a drum stone. In the second room, there is a big hard top and the outer eaves. The main hall of the main building is three rooms wide and one room deep, with corridor in front. In the Ming Dynasty, Linghua lattice door and partition window are used.

The hall uses iron roughcast wood, which is heavier than water and harder than iron. It is not produced locally in Jixian County and should be used by the royal family.

The architectural style adopts the architectural form of "one Dou three Sheng", which expresses the artisans' respect for their ancestors. The roof of the main hall adopts the structure of Xieshan, covered with green glazed tiles. In ancient feudal society, there were strict regulations on this. The highest level was the top of the veranda, followed by the top of the Xieshan.

The level of palace glazed tile is the highest, followed by green. The builders of Luban Temple try their best to improve the standard of the building on the premise of "not exceeding the standard".

The inner and outer eaves of Luban temple are decorated in blue, green and ink instead of gold. The work has clear lines and fresh painting style. The main contents of the painting are Kui dragon, brocade pattern, flowers and birds, etc., which are the representative works of the painting art of Ming and Qing Dynasties in Tianjin.

Sacrificial activities

Lu Ban invented the square and tools for woodworking, such as saw, planer, shovel and drill. He first chiseled out the stone mill for processing grain, and also built the carriage driven by wooden man, which could fly into the sky for three days.

Therefore, he was called the grandmaster by the construction industry. Many places built temples and statues for him in the past dynasties, and he was respected like a God.

Luban temple is not a Buddhist temple or a Taoist temple. It is a folk temple with few incense. Only on the seventh day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, the day of Luban's sacrifice, can it be lively.

On this day, all the craftsmen in the construction related industries, such as carpenters, masons, masons, blacksmiths, scaffolders, foil makers, painters, and paperers, have to take their own vacations, dress well, and come to the temple early to say hello to each other, offer sacrifices, burn incense, pay homage to "ancestors" and hold sacrificial activities. This is the general situation of the year. In case of good weather and relatively peaceful years, in addition to sacrifice, celebration and get-together activities should be held.

An old painter who was born in the late Qing Dynasty and has now passed away once told the author that from the early years of the Republic of China to the period before the Anti Japanese War, the year was better, the income was relatively stable, and grand celebrations were held almost every year.

The so-called grand ceremony is to hold a collective "Apprentice worship" ceremony in addition to "ancestor worship".

After that, they set up a banquet, drank happily and had a get-together. They could pull, blow and sing. The celebrations were prepared by a team selected temporarily, and the expenses were donated by all walks of life.

Introduction to Luban

Luban, his surname is Gongshu. Also known as gongshuzi, gongshupan, Banshu and Luban. Because he was born in the state of Lu (today's Tengzhou people), "ban" and "ban" have the same pronunciation, which is common in ancient times, so people often call him Luban.

Lu Ban was born in the 13th year of King Jing of Zhou Dynasty (507 BC) and died in the 25th year of King Zhending of Zhou Dynasty (444 BC). He lived from the late spring and Autumn period to the early Warring States period. He was born in a family of craftsmen from generation to generation. He had participated in many civil engineering projects with his family since childhood, gradually mastered the skills of production and accumulated rich practical experience.

At the turn of the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, social changes gave craftsmen some freedom and opportunities to display their talents. In this case, Lu Ban invented in machinery, civil engineering, handicrafts and other aspects. After about 450 BC, he came to Chu from the state of Lu to help Chu manufacture weapons.

He had created a cloud ladder to attack the state of song, but was stopped by Mozi. Mozi advocated the manufacture of practical production tools and opposed the manufacture of weapons for war. Luban accepted this idea.

Luban is the founder of carpenters

Luban incantation records: Fuyi, natural landscape, town floor, resist all disasters, home auspicious, family prosperity and well-being. Explanation: the first apprentice of Fuyu Luban, natural landscape is the implication of good geomantic omen in fairyland. It refers to the God of land in fairyland of natural landscape. Natural landscape also implies that Mount Tai can be used as a residence. All disasters, strong winds and waves, thunder and lightning ghosts, and God of land can be resisted by Mount Tai. Disaster is resisted by the floor of the family. Naturally, there is no disaster in the family. Conforming to nature brings good luck and prosperity to the family Developed. (originally, we didn't need to use board, but the word "land" was enough, because Luban was the originator of wood craftsmen.

Other related

The Shinshin Shin who visited the temple were mainly construction workers. They prayed for the blessing of Saint Luban of the bank and their smooth and safe work.

history

Luban temple was built at an unknown time. It's said that the dule temple was built for showing the saints of Luban. The ancient people of Jizhou built a temple here to commemorate Luban.

It was rebuilt three times during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Guangxu. Some experts believe that in the early Qing Dynasty, when the tombs of Kangxi and Qianlong were built in Zunhua, the craftsmen saved some wood, bricks and tiles, and rebuilt the Luban temple in Jixian County for the protection of their ancestors.

This view has been corroborated by the existing inscription in the temple, the inscription of rebuilding gongshuzi Temple (in the third year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty).

According to the stele: "Dongling is a good place. In the south of Jicheng, caizhuang rented dozens of mu of land to make a wood factory. All the craftsmen visited the Luban temple to burn incense. Since the beginning of the construction, everything has been safe, and they all look up to their ancestors.

A desire to rebuild. Together with the squires of the county, the accounting houses (Accounting houses) and the style houses (design model units) of the factories, they worked as craftsmen and contributed money to accomplish good deeds. " On site inspection showed that the building was built in strict accordance with the official practice. The wooden pillars of the main hall are made of iron coarse wood, which is not heavier than water and harder than iron. It is not produced locally in Jixian County and may be used by the royal family. The use of Dou Gong in wooden frame is called big style in ancient architecture, which can't be used in folk.

Luban Temple uses the simplest method of "one Dou three Sheng", which not only expresses the artisans' respect for their ancestors, but also does not go beyond the rules. The top of the hall is made of green glazed tiles.

Tile roof style also has a strict system, the highest level is the top of the hall, followed by Xieshan. Glazed tile can not be used in the folk, official yellow glazed tile is the highest, followed by green glazed tile.

Luban temple is to improve the level of specifications as much as possible, but it is not unusual, which can be described as unique.

Because the whole building has been used by the school station for many years, it has not been greatly damaged. In 1986, the Municipal Department of cultural relics renovated the oil decorations according to the original pattern, and tried to keep them as original as possible to make them have the characteristics of ancient architecture. In the main hall, Yu Qingcheng, an expert in clay sculpture of the county, was invited to reshape the statue of Lu Ban and the four disciples. In the long history of China, Lu Ban has been the representative of many skilled craftsmen, and the ancient working people are intelligent It's the incarnation of me.

In the main hall of Luban temple in Jixian County, the sitting statue of Luban is remodeled. It has a kind face and is dressed in cloth clothes. It also has two statues of the disciples of wood and bricklayer. The disciples hold instruments such as a ruler and a thread box, and an exhibition of Luban's life story is arranged in the auxiliary hall.

Revolutionary Memorial

The west side hall of Luban temple is a red Memorial - "yifenli stationery store", which was a secret contact point of Jingdong party during the revolutionary war. In the spring and summer of 1933, the party organization sent Li Ziguang to Jixian city to carry out work secretly to restore and develop the party organization. After Li Ziguang arrived in the white terror of Jixian City, in order to widely contact and contact the progressive teachers and students of rural normal school, he launched further activities, raised funds with Communist Party members he Yuntai and Wang kunzai, and opened a stationery shop in the west side hall of Luban temple. West side hall is not big, three feet counter, simple shelf, each

Chinese PinYin : Lu Ban Miao