Tuancheng

Tuancheng was built in the Ming Dynasty when it was rebuilt, and the southeast water surface was filled with flat ground, basically forming the present scale and surrounding environment.

In 1680, Chengguang hall was rebuilt and the original semicircular hall was changed into a cross shaped plane. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the jade urn pavilion was built.

Today's Tuancheng is basically a group of buildings built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Its plane is round, surrounded by bricks, a small city with thousands of walls. The platform is 4.6 meters above ground level, 276 meters in circumference and 4553 square meters in area. There is a gate with the wall under the east wall and the west wall, and a gate tower is built on it. Zhaojing is in the East and Yanxiang is in the West. You can climb to the top of the city along the pedal road. The cover doors are set up at each step of the road, and the buildings on the platform are symmetrically arranged with the layout of gardens.

Chengguang hall is the center of Chengtai, with jade urn Pavilion in the South and Jingji hall in the north, which forms the central axis of Chengtai. On both sides of the symmetrical arrangement, there are ancient music hall, yuqingzhai East veranda and West veranda. Duoyun Pavilion and Jinglan pavilion are perched on the rockery. Yellow tiles and red walls on the whole platform. Dozens of pines and cypresses are planted among the magnificent ancient buildings.

Chengguang hall is square in the middle, with three rooms wide and three rooms deep, and one building on each side. The whole plane is in the shape of a cross. There is a platform in the south. The main hall in the center is a double eaves Xieshan, and the Baoxia is a single eaves Xieshan rolling shed type, covered with yellow glazed tiles, green cut edge tile top, and cornice angle. The upper eaves and the lower eaves and the Baoxia are seven and five respectively. In the hall, there are some gold colored paintings. The jade urn in the jade urn Pavilion is a work of the Yuan Dynasty, with large volume and exquisite carving.

Tuancheng

Tuancheng is located in the west of Beihai south gate, Xicheng District, Beijing. It used to be a small island in Taiye pool. The Yitian hall was added to it in Yuan Dynasty, rebuilt in Ming Dynasty and renamed Chengguang hall. The city walls were built around the island, and the crenels were built on the top of the walls, which initially established the scale of Tuancheng. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the jade urn pavilion was built. In the Jin Dynasty, Tuancheng was a part of the imperial garden. In 1900, when the Eight Power Allied forces occupied Beijing, Tuancheng was ransacked, Yanxiang gate was destroyed, Baiyu Buddha's left arm was injured, and the treasures and cultural relics on Tuancheng were also ransacked. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the party and the government repaired Tuancheng many times. In 1961, the State Council listed Tuancheng and Beihai as national key cultural relics protection units.

Quick navigation

Panorama

brief introduction

Tuancheng was built in the Ming Dynasty when it was rebuilt, and the southeast water surface was filled with flat ground, basically forming the present scale and surrounding environment. In 1680, Chengguang hall was rebuilt and the original semicircular hall was changed into a cross shaped plane. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the jade urn pavilion was built. Today's Tuancheng is basically a group of buildings built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Its plane is round, surrounded by bricks, a small city with thousands of walls. The platform is 4.6 meters above ground level, 276 meters in circumference and 4553 square meters in area. There is a gate with the wall under the east wall and the west wall, and a gate tower is built on it. Zhaojing is in the East and Yanxiang is in the West. You can climb to the top of the city along the pedal road. The layout of the buildings on the platform is symmetrical and garden style. Chengguang hall is the center of Chengtai, with jade urn Pavilion in the South and Jingji hall in the north, which forms the central axis of Chengtai. On both sides of the symmetrical arrangement, there are ancient music hall, yuqingzhai East veranda and West veranda. Duoyun Pavilion and Jinglan pavilion are perched on the rockery. Yellow tiles and red walls on the whole platform. Dozens of pines and cypresses are planted among the magnificent ancient buildings. Chengguang hall is square in the middle, with three rooms wide and three rooms deep, and one building on each side. The whole plane is in the shape of a cross. There is a platform in the south. The main hall in the center is a double eaves Xieshan, and the Baoxia is a single eaves Xieshan rolling shed type, covered with yellow glazed tiles, green cut edge tile top, and cornice angle. The upper eaves and the lower eaves and the Baoxia are seven and five respectively. In the hall, there are some gold colored paintings. The jade urn in the jade urn Pavilion is a work of the Yuan Dynasty, with large volume and exquisite carving.

history

Tuancheng has a history of more than 800 years. In the Liao Dynasty, due to the excavation of lakes and accumulation of soil, islands in water were gradually formed, which were called "round dikes". In 1163-1179, wanyanyong, Emperor Shizong of the Jin Dynasty, built the taining palace with Qionghua island as the center, and expanded the soil from digging the lake to Qionghua island and Yuandi. While building Guanghan hall on Qionghua Island, he also built a palace on Yuandi, which is far away from Guanghan hall. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264 AD), Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, built the capital of the Yuan Dynasty on the basis of jinzhongdu. He selected Tuancheng as the middle of the East and West palaces of Danei. To the east of Tuancheng was Danei, and to the West was Xingsheng palace of the Empress Dowager and longfu palace of the crown prince. Tuancheng then became the contact center of the eastern and Western palaces. It is said that when choosing the address of Danai, Kublai first came to Tuancheng and looked around the scenery. Then he twisted his bow and shot an arrow to the East. The place where the arrow fell became the address for building the palace of Danai. In order to make Tuancheng island more magnificent, on the basis of the old hall, Yitian hall with double eaves and dome, 11 Ying, 11.7 meters high and 27 meters around, was built. Stone walls were built around the island, and Yuandi was also renamed "Yuancheng". Emperors of all dynasties like to build their living place into yuyuqionglou in Penglai fairyland, and the pattern of "one pool and three mountains" has become the blueprint for building Beihai: Beihai is "Taiye pool", Qiongdao is "Penglai", Tuancheng is "Yingzhou", so Yitian hall is also called "Yingzhou Yuandian". At that time, Tuancheng was surrounded by water on all sides. There were bridges on the East, West and north sides. There was a wooden bridge on the East and a wooden suspension bridge on the West. There were two big boats in the middle of the bridge. Whenever the emperor crossed the bridge and went to Tuancheng, the left behind officials moved the boats and broke the bridge to forbid them to travel. Since Ming Dynasty, great changes have taken place in Tuancheng: in the 15th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (AD 1417), Zhu Di, Emperor Chengzu of Ming Dynasty, rebuilt Yitian hall and renamed Chengguang hall and Qianguang hall successively for the use of emperors and empresses to watch the lights. The eastern part of the island was filled with land, the western part of the island was built with a large stone bridge of jin'ao jade, and the ring island was built with a city wall. In ancient Chinese, the garden belongs to an open mind, and the regiment is a solid one. In 1669, Chengguang hall was destroyed by earthquake and rebuilt in 1690. In 1746, a large-scale expansion of Tuancheng was carried out. The walls of Tuancheng were renovated, rockeries were stacked, and jade urn Pavilion, Gulai hall, Jingji hall, Yu qingzhai, Jinglan Pavilion and other pavilions were added, forming the current pattern of Tuancheng. Later, Empress Dowager Cixi worshipped the Jade Buddha in Chengguang hall, and Tuancheng became a Buddhist temple.

What to watch

From the East "Zhaojing gate" up the stairs, through the "cover gate" came to Tuancheng. Chengguang hall is the main building of Tuancheng. It was first built in the Ming Dynasty. It was originally a round hall. It was rebuilt as a square in 1690. The main hall faces south in the north, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain, and a single eaves rolling shed is put out around the building, which makes the plane of the hall present a zigzag shape with folded corners. It is known as "nine beams, eighteen columns and seventy-two ridges", which is as exquisite and ingenious as the turret of the Forbidden City. The top of the hall is covered with yellow glazed tiles, green trimming, cornices and corners. There are four huge wellhead pillars in the center of the hall. The round light of the ceiling of the wellhead is erlongxizhu, and the forked corners are painted with cranes. There are couplets on the columns. In front of the emperor Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty, he wrote that "the red dust of jiumo can't fly; the clear air of Shizhou is more than dawn." Behind it is Cixi's imperial pen: "seven treasures open jade mirror solemnly; ten thousand years of blessing and longevity protect jin'ou." The plaque on it is "big round mirror". There is a brick xumizuo in the middle of the north. In the wooden dragon niche on the pedestal, there is a sitting statue of Sakyamuni in white jade, which is 1.6 meters high and carved with pure white jade. The Jade Buddha has a kind face, a white body and a clear luster. The crown and pleats of the Jade Buddha are inlaid with ruby and emerald. It is said that in 1896, monk Kuan of the Ming Dynasty raised money from Myanmar and dedicated it to empress dowager Cifu. Cixi also wrote a couplet in her own handwriting. In 1900, the Allied forces of the eight powers occupied Beijing, burned, killed, looted, and committed all kinds of evil. All kinds of rare antiques in the Tuancheng were also looted. This jade Buddha, which could not be moved, became their outlet. The right arm of the Jade Buddha still has the scar cut by the invaders.

In the courtyard in front of Chengguang hall, there is a white jade pavilion with blue roof, named jade urn Pavilion. There is a mottled black jade urn on the stone lotus seat in the pavilion, with a diameter of 1.5 meters, a perimeter of 5 meters, a height of 70 cm and a weight of 3500 kg. According to legend, it is a wine urn specially made by Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, to reward the soldiers. "It can store more than thirty stones of wine." it was carved in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265 AD), and was originally named "Dushan dayuhai". The urn is surrounded by clouds, rubber dragons, seahorses, fish dragons and rough waves. The exquisite carving and vivid image of the urn can be called uncanny craftsmanship. Together with the white jade Buddha in Chengguang hall, it is known as the two wonders of Tuancheng. The big jade urn was originally placed in the Guanghan hall on Qionghua island. Later, the Guanghan hall collapsed and was demolished. The big jade urn then wandered to the Zhenwu temple outside the Xihua gate and was used as a vegetable urn by Taoists. In 1711, the monk Xingfu rebuilt the Zhenwu temple, "offering the statue of the great scholar, moving the jade bowl to sit down, folding stones to store water in the jade bowl for the hill, to show the meaning of Putuo Nanhai". The jade urn was once again "the turn of the day" and ranked as the favorite, and the name of Zhenwu temple was gradually replaced by the jade bowl temple. In 1745, Emperor Qianlong finally discovered that the jade urn was originally from the royal court, so he bought it with a thousand gold and moved it to Chengguang hall in Tuancheng, Beihai, and built a stone pavilion to protect it. The song of jade urn, written by Emperor Qianlong himself, was printed on it: "from the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the great jade sea of Dushan was first built. It was placed in the Guanghan Bi palace, and has been arrested for more than 500 years. Green between black and white chapter, Yuntao water phase low, the treasure of the five mountains

Chinese PinYin : Tuan Cheng