Zhuxian Town

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhuxian Town has always been an important waterway and commercial port. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhuxian Town was the only waterway and land transfer terminal in Kaifeng, so it prospered rapidly. By the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhuxian Town had become one of the four famous towns in China, along with Foshan town in Guangdong, Jingdezhen town in Jiangxi and Hankou town in Hubei. The late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were the most prosperous period of Zhuxian Town. Today's Zhuxian Town is not as prosperous as it used to be, but it has left many cultural relics, such as Yuefei temple in Zhuxian Town, one of the three major Yue temples in China, woodcut New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town, the originator of Chinese woodcut New Year pictures, the mosque in Zhuxian Town, which can be called the largest mosque in East Asia, and the ruins of ancient Kaifeng City.

Zhuxian Town

Zhuxian Town belongs to Xiangfu District, Kaifeng City, Henan Province. It is located in the southwest of Kaifeng City, 22.5km away from Kaifeng City, with a total area of 70.26km2. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the "four famous towns" in China, together with Foshan town in Guangdong Province, Jingdezhen town in Jiangxi Province and Hankou town in Hubei Province.

As of 2017, Zhuxian Town has 15 administrative villages, 1 neighborhood committee and 36 natural villages with a total population of 38627, including 7 ethnic groups including Han and Hui.

Zhuxian Town is rich in wheat, corn, peanuts and watermelon, among which animal husbandry is developed. It is a base for deep processing of beef and mutton and breeding of aquatic fry in Eastern Henan. In 2017, it achieved a total agricultural output value of 480 million yuan and a total industrial output value of 352.6 million yuan. On January 9, 2019, it was selected as the "hometown of Chinese folk culture and art" by virtue of Kaifeng drum.

Historical evolution

Zhuxian Town has a long history. Early human civilization was born in the early Neolithic age. In the spring and Autumn period, there was a city of Qifeng in the southeast of the town. At that time, Zhuxian Town had formed a small residential area. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the title of "Zhuxian Town" appeared for the first time. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhuxian Town reached its peak because of the opening of Jialu river. It became the transshipment and cargo distribution center of "South ships and North vehicles", and ranked among the "four famous towns in China".

Prosperity of civilization

Archaeological excavation has proved that as early as five or six thousand years ago, human activities began to appear in Zhuxian Town and its surrounding areas.

Opening up the frontier

In the spring and Autumn period, Zhuxian Town was the northeast border of Zheng State. Out of strategic considerations, Zheng Zhuang ordered general Zheng Bing to build a city in the ancient town of Zhuxian, named "Kaifeng". Later, he evaded emperor Liu Qibao and changed his name to Kaifeng. Kaifeng, the ancient capital of the eight dynasties, opened its curtain. At that time, Zhuxian Town was a residential area in the northwest of Qifeng city.

Stealing Fu to save Zhao

Zhu Hai, a famous warrior, was born in Daliang (now Kaifeng) during the Warring States period. According to the records, in the 19th year of King Anli of Wei (258 BC), xinlingjun "stole Fu to save Zhao". After the victory of the Wei army, the state of Zhao paid a lot of money to thank Wei Gongzi and Zhu Hai. Later, xinlingjun was worshipped by the king of Wei as Shangqing, granted Xiangyin, granted Zhu Hai as a partial general, and Zhu Xian town as Zhu Hai's Tangmu town. According to Xiangfu county annals, Zhuxian Town was originally named Juxian Town, which was later named after the food town and fiefdom of Zhu Hai, a famous scholar in the Warring States period.

Rising in Tang and Song Dynasties

In the fourth year of Wude (621 A.D.), Kaifeng County was abolished and Junyi county was transferred to the north. As a result, the former city of Kaifeng was gradually abandoned. As a residential area, Zhuxian Town has gradually developed. In the ninth year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the state, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty ordered that the new river in Weishi County should be dug for 90 Li and completed within a few days. The straightened new river made zhuxianyi a water and land hub near Kaifeng because it was close to Caihe River, which became a post station from a village and then a market town. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the title of "Zhuxian Town" appeared for the first time. Yue Fei won a great victory in Zhuxian Town. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, with the decline of Kaifeng's position, the change of the canal and the diversion of the Yellow River, Zhuxian Town declined.

Jaruzhi River

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Zhuxian Town rose again because of Jialu's river management, and gradually established its position as "one of the four famous towns". At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the Yellow River burst many times in Kaifeng. In 1351, Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty appointed Jia Lu as Minister of the Ministry of industry and chief river control and prevention envoy, who was responsible for river control. Jialu first forced the Yellow River into its old course. It also draws water from Mi County, passes through Zhengzhou and Zhongmou, turns south to Zhuxian Town of Kaifeng, and then flows into the ancient canal, directly to Shangshui county and Huaihe River. Jialu's action not only eliminated the flood, but also revived the water transport. The channel dredged was named Jialu river. After the opening of the Jialu River, Zhuxian Town, as the shipping terminal of the Jialu River, has become the only outer port of Kaifeng and an indispensable part of Kaifeng.

Ming and Qing Dynasties flourished

The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of Zhuxian Town. According to the records in the book of the current situation, the urban area of Zhuxian Town is connected with Songzhai in the East, doudoudian in the West and Yaopu village in the south, covering an area of 50 square kilometers. In 1862 (the first year of the Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty), the wall was replaced by brick. Yunliang river passes through the city from north to south, dividing the town into East and west parts. There are three bridges on the river inside the town. Along the two banks of the river, there are many docks, which are five li long. Ships can directly reach the city. There are more than 200 ships coming and going every day. There are more than 300000 residents in the city. Most of them are merchants and foreign businessmen from all over the country. Among them, Shanxi merchants are the most. Shanxi guild hall is built in the city. In the town, there are many shops, shops and department stores. Special products include Zhuxian Town woodcut New Year pictures, red paper, Yutang spiced dried tofu, xishuangtai bamboo leaf green wine, etc., which are well-known throughout the country. The town has a lot of traffic during the day and brilliant lights at night. It is a real important commercial town in the Central Plains. Yunliang river is an important channel from Zhuxian Town to all parts of the country. At that time, Zhuxian Town was not only an important commercial town, but also regarded as a geomantic treasure by people with lofty ideals, emperors and generals of all dynasties. There are more than 110 temple buildings in the town, including Yuefei temple, Guandi temple, Lang temple, Sanhuang temple, Jiuku temple, Beida temple and Ming Palace. The so-called 72 immortals are worshipped in temples in the town, so Zhuxian Town was called Juxian town in ancient times. At that time, there were 11 theatrical buildings in the town, the most important of which was the Ming Palace. Every year, all the theatrical troupes in Eastern Henan came to the Ming Palace on time to perform. They competed with each other to make a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend. Gradually, taking Zhuxian Town as the center, Henan Opera and its auspicious tunes were formed.

There are also eight famous inner and outer scenes in the town. If you stand on the Dianjiang platform and have a bird's-eye view of the whole town, you can have a panoramic view of the eight sceneries: Ming Palace, yinmaquan, tiegangqifeng, wuqiangengzhong, Chunqiu building, mosque, stone lion and Yunliang river. The eight sceneries around the town are: dianjiangtai, beacon tower, Tomb of mengchang, Tomb of Zhuhai, Xianrenqiao, jiulongkou, miguidi and qinglonggang. Every landscape has a beautiful legend. In addition, the cemetery of Liang state in the Yuan Dynasty, the tomb of King Zhou Xian in the Ming Dynasty, the tomb of Zhang Sheguang, a doctor of the Qing Dynasty, the tombs of the Han Dynasty and the tombs of Ming Dynasty officials in hengzhai village were discovered around the town.

After Jiaqing and Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, Zhuxian Town declined because of the overflow of the Yellow River. In 1900, the Jialu river was finally filled with sand and the boats were completely blocked. In addition, the Jinghan railway and Longhai railway were opened to traffic one after another, and the transportation routes were greatly changed, so the advantage of water transportation in Zhuxian Town no longer existed.

At the beginning of the 20th century, it was reduced to an extremely dilapidated market town. Not only did the business shrink sharply and the merchants scattered, but also the old towns were ruined by floods, sandstorms and other reasons. By 1906, there were only more than 3000 households and 15000 households in the town.

The decline of the Republic of China

During the period of the Republic of China, because of the warlords' scuffle and the Japanese invasion, its economy went bankrupt. In 1934, the population of the town was only 8500, less than 1 / 24 of its heyday. The area of the town was only West Street, Juyi street, jinghuo street and Hedong street, and the rest was turned into wasteland. By 1938, there were only 7000 people in the town, four fifths of the houses had been demolished, and a large number of ancient buildings had been destroyed.

everything looks fresh and gay

In October 1948, the CPC Kaifeng County Committee and the democratic government were stationed in Zhuxian Town.

In 1958, Zhuxian Town became a commune.

In 1986, the people's Government of Zhuxian township was changed into the people's Government of Zhuxian Town under the system of town leading village.

administrative division

As of 2017, Zhuxian Town has 16 administrative villages (old hotel, Beixinzhuang, muyusi, Jiazhai, Huanggang, Yangshao new village, hezhai, laotanzhai, Hangang, Yaopu, xuzhai, xiaodianwang, Hedong, Xidajie, Juyi street and neighborhood committee).

geographical environment

Location context

Zhuxian Town is located in the southwest of Xiangfu District, Kaifeng City, Henan Province, 22.5km away from Kaifeng City. It is adjacent to Weishi County in the south, Fancun Township and Wanlong Township in Xiangfu District in the East, Xianrenzhuang community in Gulou District in the north, and Xijiangzhai Township in the West. The whole town is between 34 ° 31 ′ - 34 ° 41 ′ N and 114 ° 12 ′ - 114 ° 20 ′ e, 14 km wide from north to South and 11 km long from east to west, with a total area of 70.26 square kilometers.

landforms

Zhuxian Town is located in the Huang Huai plain, with flat terrain. It is the center of the modern Yellow River alluvial plain, and the overall terrain inclines from northwest to Southeast

The altitude ranges from 64M to 73m.

climate

The climate of Zhuxian Town is controlled by Mongolia high and Pacific subtropical high alternately, which belongs to warm temperate continental monsoon

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Xian Zhen