Shichahai

Shichahai also writes "Shichahai". There are ten Buddhist temples around it, so it is called Shichahai. With the development of time, the West Sea, the Houhai sea and the Qianhai sea are gradually formed, and the three sea waterways are interlinked. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has become a place for recreation and summer. The three seas are rippling with blue waves, the weeping willows are rippling on the bank, and the distant mountains are beautiful. It is one of the scenic spots in Yanjing. Today, there are still rare natural landscapes and historical features of cultural relics. The former residence of Song Qingling, the former residence of Guo Moruo, the garden of Prince Gong's mansion, Guanghua temple, Temple of fire, bell and Drum Tower, Yinding bridge and other historic sites make Shichahai beautiful and splendid.

In recent years, Shichahai bar street has become one of the busiest places in the capital. There are also many Beijing style restaurants here. You can enjoy the wine, the water, the willows, the delicious food, the royal family dinner, or the Hutong people's home.

Shichahai

Shichahai is a historical and cultural tourist scenic spot in Beijing and a historical and cultural reserve in Beijing. It is located in Xicheng District of downtown area, adjacent to the central axis of Beijing. With a water area of 336000 square meters, it is connected with Zhongnanhai water area. It is the only open scenic spot with open water in the inner city of Beijing. It is also a historical block with the largest area and the most complete style preservation. It occupies a unique position in the history of planning and construction of Beijing. Among the 25 historical and cultural reserves approved in 2000, Shichahai Area is the largest.

Shichahai includes Qianhai, Houhai and Xihai (also known as Jishuitan) three waters and adjacent areas, which echo with "qiansanhai", commonly known as "housanhai". Shichahai also writes "Shichahai". There are ten Buddhist temples around it, so it is called Shichahai. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has become a summer resort and one of the scenic spots in Yanjing. Many ancient buildings in Shichahai Scenic Area occupy an important position in the history of Beijing's urban construction and development as well as in the history of political culture. They are mainly represented by Prince Gong's mansion and garden, Song Qingling's former residence and Prince Chun's mansion, Guo Moruo memorial hall, bell and Drum Tower, Deshengmen arrow tower, Guanghua temple, Huitong temple and Huixian hall.

In the famous scenery of the imperial capital, the charm of Shichahai is praised by "West Lake Spring, Qinhuai summer, Dongting autumn". Shichahai Scenic Area has beautiful scenery and is known as the "water town in the north". With the increase of tourists, there are some ancient cultural shops, snack streets and bars, so it has become one of the cultural streets in Beijing.

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Evolution of construction

In the second year of Wei Jiaping (250), when General Liu Jing was stationed in Jicheng, he ordered thousands of soldiers to build Liling weir on sangqian River, drive box canal and guide Gaoliang river for irrigation. The lower reaches of the Gaoliang river system is the present Shichahai Area.

In the 13th century, the palace of miejinzai in Mongolia was destroyed by fire. Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, decided to build a new capital. Shichahai is one of the most basic bases for the planning and design of Yuandadu.

The central axis of the city from north to south is close to Jishuitan, and the location of the city walls around the metropolis is built according to the distance from the southeast Bank of Jishuitan. In Yuan Dynasty, the central axis of capital construction was determined on the East Bank of this water area, and Shichahai became the core of urban planning and water system in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Haizi was named in Yuan Dynasty. It was a wide and long water surface, which was narrowed in early Ming Dynasty, and then gradually formed Xihai, Houhai and Qianhai. The three sea waterways were connected.

In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the rice fields on the surface of Shichahai Lake increased and the lake surface decreased sharply. In the southeast of deshengqiao, a channel (Chahe River) was excavated to connect with the downstream water surface, which was separated from Houhai Lake. The stagnant water flowed from Chahe River to Qianhai lake, then flowed into the imperial city through the west gate in the south, and at the same time flowed back to Houhai Lake through Yinding bridge in the northwest, forming the landscape of "yindingguan mountain and water flowing back".

In the first year of Shunzhi (1644), the capital of the Qing Dynasty was Beijing. The inner city was under the jurisdiction of each banner. Today, Shichahai Area belongs to zhenghuang banner. In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), Shichahai was dredged.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the Beijing Municipal Government carried out desilting work in Shichahai, and built concrete railings on the shore.

In 1992, Beijing Municipal Government designated it as a historical and cultural scenic spot.

Features of scenic spots

What

Chahai scenic area is generally located in the northwest of the central axis of Beijing City, starting from the north side of di'anmenwai street in the East, from di'anmenwai street in the south to longtoujing street in the west, from Liuyin street, Yangfang Hutong, Xinjiekou East Street to Xinjiekou North Street in the northwest, from Xinjiekou North Street in the west to Xinjiekou notch in the north, from Xinjiekou notch in the north to Deshengmen in the East, and from Deshengmen to gukou in the north From louxi street to bell tower and Drum Tower.

Shichahaijing district has a profound historical and cultural heritage, with more than 40 cultural relics protection units, accounting for more than one third of Xicheng District. In history, there were more than 30 royal palaces, temples and nunneries in this area, and there are still more than 10. The 34 hectare water surface of Shichahai is naturally integrated into the urban block. Relying on the water body, the weeping willows on the lake bank and the lotus in the water have become the characteristic natural landscape of Shichahai. "Yinding mountain view", one of the "eight little sceneries of Yanjing", is of typical significance in the scenic area. Shichahai Scenic Area has a large number of typical hutongs and Siheyuan, such as big and small Jinsi Hutong in jinsitao area, South and North Guanfang Hutong, Yaer Hutong in the north of Houhai, Baimi Xiejie street and Yandai Xiejie street.

Distribution of scenic spots

Prince Gong House

Prince Gong's residence is located in the northwest corner of Shichahai. It is a typical palace garden with both central axis and symmetry. Founded at the end of the 18th century, it is the most complete preserved palace of Qing Dynasty in Beijing, which can be called "the Pearl of Shichahai". It was once the residence of Heshi, a great scholar in the late Qianlong period, but later it was given to Yixin, Prince Gong. There is a unique garden in the back of the mansion, the famous cuijin garden, covering an area of about 30000 square meters. The garden is surrounded by horseshoe shaped earth mountains in the East, South and West. The scenery in the garden is unique and exquisite. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The former residence in the front was the work place of the Institute of dream of Red Mansions of the Chinese Academy of Arts. After the unit moved out, it has been renovated and is now open to tourists. Part of Prince Gong's residence is now open to tourists as Guo Moruo's former residence.

Qing Wang Fu

Qingwangfu is one of the existing Wangfu in Beijing. In the first generation, Yongli was the 17th son of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty and the same mother and brother of emperor Jiaqing. Laoqing palace is located in the north of Qianhai West Street, which is a part of Helan palace. In the 30th year of Daoguang, Yi Zhe, a descendant of Wang Yongyao, attacked the general of the auxiliary state. In the first year of Xianfeng, the emperor ordered Yizhe to move from Laowang's house to Qishan's house in Dingfu street. According to the regulations of Wang's house, Yizhe had a large-scale reconstruction, which was called Wang's house. At that time, Yi zhe also built Wanzi building and theater building in the mansion. The mansion was magnificent, with a vast area, which was divided into five courtyards. There were nearly a thousand large and small buildings, red gates, and tall palaces. Only the roof was made of clay tiles, not glazed tiles. It became one of the most gorgeous palaces in the capital at that time. After the Republic of China, it was expropriated by military organs.

bell tower and drum tower

When the bell and Drum Tower arrives at Dinggeng, "beat the drum first and then ring the bell"; when the second Geng arrives at Wugeng, "only strike the bell but not the drum"; when it arrives at lianggeng, "beat the drum first and then ring the bell". The method of drumming is to hit 18 rings quickly first, then 18 rings slowly, 6 times in total, 108 rings in total. It's the same with the clock.

Guanyue Temple

Guanyue temple is located at 149 Gulou West Street, Xicheng District. It used to be the seventh son of Emperor Daoguang. It was built in the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu and completed in the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu. The temple faces south from the north and is divided into three courtyards, of which the central courtyard has East-West cross courtyards. The central axis is the glazed screen wall, the middle door, the outside is the eight character wall, and each side has a glazed door; there are silk burning furnaces in the East and sacrificial Pavilion in the west of the central courtyard; there are seven main halls, one platform in front of the hall, five East and five west side halls; there are five back bedrooms. The building area is about 3000 square meters. In the third year of the Republic of China, the Beiyang government made statues of Guan Yu and Yue Fei in the Hou Temple, and worshipped Guan Yue, which was called Guan Yue Temple.

Guanghua Temple

Guanghua temple is located at 31 Yaer Hutong in the north of Shichahai. It is a large Buddhist temple. Guanghua temple was built in the Yuan Dynasty. It is said that it was built by an eminent monk who begged for alms and raised money to give alms.

Yinding Bridge

Yinding bridge is located between Houhai and Qianhai. It is a north-south single hole stone arch bridge at the south end of Yandai Xiejie street. It is named after its shape of Yinding. When the weather is fine, you can enjoy the beautiful scenery of Xishan from Yinding bridge. In 1910, Wang Jingwei attempted to assassinate Tsai Feng, the Regent. This is the earliest bridge in Beijing.

Huitong Temple

Huitong temple is located at No.60, Deshengmen West Street. It was built by Yao Guangxiao in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. It was named fahua temple and Zhenshui Guanyin nunnery. In 1761, it was rebuilt and named Huitong temple. The temple is built on a small earth mountain in the west of Shichahai, surrounded by water on all sides and Shuiguan in the north. The temple faces south. There are one mountain gate, three front halls, three East and west side halls, three back buildings, one front building, three left and right ear rooms, and three East and west side halls in turn. The plaque says "Chaoyin pujue" and "gongjianliji". In the temple, there is a stele made by Emperor Qianlong in 1761.

Bangbeizi Mansion

Bangbeizi mansion is located in the north of Xinjiekou East Street, also known as Prince Cheng (Yunzhi) new mansion. "Xiaoting miscellaneous records" contains: "Prince Cheng's new house is in Jiang's house." Prince Cheng's old mansion is located in the official garden, which was given to the Shenjun king

Chinese PinYin : Shi Sha Hai