Ningshou Palace

Ningshou Palace

Ningshougong district is located in the inner and outer East Road of the Forbidden City, occupying a large rectangular courtyard in the northeast of the Forbidden City. In the Ming Dynasty, there were only a few rare palaces, which were for the Empress Dowager and the imperial concubine to provide for the aged. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, in order to let the Empress Dowager live a happy life, Emperor Kangxi built ningshou palace in the 22nd year of Kangxi. Emperor Qianlong's palace for his abdication. It took five years to expand and transform the ningshou palace, forming the pattern we see today.

Ningshou palace is the city of the Forbidden City. After Qianlong's reconstruction, the buildings of ningshou palace, like the miniature of the Forbidden City, are divided into two parts: the former dynasty and the later Dynasty. There are nine dragon wall, Huangji gate, ningshou gate, Huangji hall and ningshou palace in the front, which respectively imitate the Meridian Gate, Taihe gate, Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall on the middle road of the Forbidden City. The rear part of ningshou palace is divided into three parts: Middle Road, East Road and West Road. On the Middle Road, there are yangxingmen, yangxingdian, leshoutang, yihexuan, jingqige and the three destroyed beisuo. On the East Road, there are banxilou, changyinge, yueshilou, xunyan library, Qingshoutang, Jingfu palace, Fanhua building and Furi building. Among them, changyinge is the performance building of the inner court of the Qing Dynasty, and its building is magnificent, which is fully known as changyinge grand theater building of ningshougong. The west road is the ningshou palace garden commonly known as "Qianlong garden". It mainly includes guhuaxuan, suichutang, fuwangge, tired qinzhai and other buildings. It is recognized as the best palace garden.

In January 2019, the second phase renovation project of the treasure hall of the Palace Museum was completed, which greatly improved the effect of the exhibition. It is planned to be officially opened to the public before the Spring Festival in 2019.

geographical position

The former dynasty focused on Huangji hall and imitated the regulations of Qianqing palace and Taihe hall. There were Huangji gate and ningshou gate before. Later, there was ningshou palace, which imitated Kunning palace.

The back bedroom area of the imperial palace can be divided into East, middle and West roads

From the south to the north of the East Road are the Changyin Pavilion courtyard of the Royal inner court, the three entrance courtyard of Qingshou hall, the spacious and elegant Jingfu palace, and the Fanhua tower and the Furi tower.

From south to north along the central axis are Yangxing hall which imitates Yangxin hall, Leshou hall which imitates Chunhua Hall of Changchun Garden, Yihe hall and Jingqi Pavilion, and I-shaped hall with corridor.

The west road is a garden area, which is entered by Yanqi gate on the southernmost side. There are four courtyards in total. The layout of the four courtyards is different, each with its own style and realm.

Ning's palace is almost the essence of Qian Long's palace building. In this limited area, Emperor Qian Long tried to concentrate on the construction of his most successful palaces. The pavilion pavilions and pavilions were all found in the pavilion, and we could feel the life and mood of the emperor in the palace. Ningshou palace is located at the back of Huangji hall and was built in 1689. It was originally the back hall of ningshou palace. From 1772 to 1776, Qianlong built the front hall as Huangji hall. The original plaque was moved to the back hall, so it was renamed "ningshou Palace".

Palace structure

Ningshou palace is built on a single-layer stone platform. The platform is connected with Huangji hall, surrounded by yellow and green glazed bricks and built with low walls of ventilating lanterns. The palace has 7 rooms in width and 3 rooms in depth, with a single eaves and a Xieshan style roof. The eaves, porches, pillars and fangs are decorated with hollow cloud dragon rings, while the fangs are decorated with cloud dragon and sparrow. Inside and outside eaves decoration and interior space, furnishings are imitated Kunning palace. East between the door, set the light panel door two, on the double cross four beams, door left and right under the wall, on the installation of vertical lattice hanging window. The rest of the rooms are sill walls and vertical lattice hanging windows. The upper part of each room is equipped with three double cross four horizontal windows. The back eaves of the Ming and the second rooms are doors, each door is double crossed with four Linghua fans, and the other rooms are built with walls. The ceiling of the room has the characters of arrowhead, bat and longevity. There is a small room at the back eaves of the front door, with a built-in cooking pot. On the west side, there are three open rooms, an Mu TA and a big Kang. There are Shamanist deities and instruments for jumping gods, which are the places of sacrifice. On the east side, the two bedrooms are connected to each other, with a fairy tower on the back eaves and a door on the east mountain wall, which can lead to a veranda room. On both sides of ningshou palace, there are veranda rooms and the south corner, which are connected with the East and West verandas. There are 9 verandas each, and they are open in the third and sixth verandas in the south. At the back of the hall, there are two brick chimneys on the left and right, with copper roofs on them, which are used for the kitchen and indoor flue of ningshou palace. The reconstructed ningshou palace became another important building in the Forbidden City besides Kunning palace, which reflected Manchu customs.

About Ning Shou

The inscription of ningshou palace written by Emperor Qianlong added: "the palace of Qingning is behind the grand political Hall of Shengjing. It was the place where ancestors worshiped gods. After the sacrifice, they called the princes and ministers to eat meat. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Yanjing was built as a tripod, while Kunning palace, the back hall of Qianqing palace, was used to offer sacrifices to gods, just like Qingning palace, which still follows the old rules. When Yu returned to the government in the future, he moved the God's position and pole from Kunning palace to ningshou palace, and still worshipped the God according to the present ceremony. " It explains the reasons for the renovation of ningshou palace.

Ningshou palace was originally painted with dragon, Phoenix and seal. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, the eldest son of Duan Huihuang, who was born to empress Xiaoxian, Yonglian once lived here and died in ningshou palace. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi once lived in ningshou palace, so she changed the outer eaves gallery into Su style color painting, which lost her solemn style. After the restoration in 1979, the style of Qianlong period was restored.

Now it is the cultural relics exhibition room of the Palace Museum.

Qianlong built the palace

Palace Museum

The Palace Museum was founded on October 10, 1925, and it has been 85 years. Previously known as the Forbidden City, the Forbidden City was the residence of the Ming and Qing emperors. The Forbidden City was first built in the fourth year of Yongle (1406) and the 18th year of Yongle (1420). On February 12, 1912, the Qing emperor abdicated, and the Palace should have been taken over by the state. However, according to the preferential treatment conditions of the Qing Dynasty formulated by the provisional government at that time, the Xundi Puyi was allowed to "temporarily live in the palace", that is, the inner court at the back of the Forbidden City. At that time, the government decided to move the relics of Rehe Palace (Chengde summer resort) and Shenyang Palace Museum to the outer part of the first half of the Palace Museum, and established the antiquities Exhibition Center in 1914.

At that time, a large number of cultural relics in the palace were lost, which caused serious concern from all walks of life. In 1924, after Feng Yuxiang launched the Beijing coup, he revised the preferential treatment conditions for the Qing Royal family and expelled Puyi from the Forbidden City. At the same time, he set up a "Committee for handling the aftermath of the Qing Dynasty", which was responsible for cleaning up the public and private property of the Qing Royal family and handling all the aftermath matters. On September 29, 1925, the "Committee for handling the aftermath of the Qing Dynasty" formulated and approved the provisional outline of the organization of the Palace Museum, which set up a provisional board of directors to "agree on important matters of the whole palace museum". The board of directors was composed of Yan Xiu, Lu Yongxiang, Cai Yuanpei, Xiong Xiling, Zhang Xueliang, Zhang Bi, Zhuang yunkuan, Lu Zhonglin, Xu Shiying, Liang Shiyi, Xue Dubi, Huang Ying, fan Yuanlian, Hu Ruoyu, Wu Jingheng and Li Zu It is composed of 21 people, including Shen, Li zhongsan, Wang Daxie, Wang Zhengting, Yu Youren and Li Yuying. It also set up an Interim Council to "carry out the affairs of the whole hospital", with 9 directors. Under the construction of the Museum of antiquities, library. Li Yuying is the temporary director and chairman, Yi Peiji is the director of the Antiquities Museum, and Chen Yuan is the director of the library.

Cleaning up cultural relics

The "Committee for handling the aftercare of the Imperial Palace" has checked and collected the cultural relics of the Forbidden City from palace to room. After the completion of the work, the "report on the inspection of articles in the Forbidden City" has been published in 6 volumes, 28 volumes, with more than 94000 cultural relics numbered 1.17 million. According to the report of the Qingshi aftercare committee published in 1925, the cultural relics left by the Qing court include three generations of Dingyi, ancient jades, famous calligraphic paintings of Tang, song, yuan and Ming Dynasties, ceramics, enamel, lacquerware, gold and silver ware, bamboo, wood, tooth horn Pao, gold and copper religious statues, as well as a large number of costumes, clothing materials and furniture of emperors and concubines. It can be said that gold, emerald, pearls and jade are rare treasures. The world's wealth is gathered here. In addition, there are a large number of books, classics and documents. To this end, the Palace Museum consists of an Antiquities Museum, a library and a literature museum, which respectively organize human resources to continue sorting out cultural relics, open up exhibition rooms for the palace, hold various exhibitions, publish various publications, publicize materials and carry out publicity. All kinds of work have been carried out with sound and color, and the gathering of talents has been extremely prosperous for a time. After a year's intensive preparation, a grand ceremony for the establishment of the Palace Museum was held in the square in front of the Qianqing gate on October 10, 1925, and the whole country was electrified to announce the formal establishment of the Palace Museum. Among the 24 emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Emperor Qianlong is a very special one. He has made great achievements in both literature and martial arts. He fought in the South and north to maintain national stability, compiled the complete book of Four Treasuries, built three mountains and five gardens, and left a palace of peaceful longevity in the Forbidden City. Emperor Qianlong's surname is Aixinjueluo, and his name is Hongli. He is the most talented one among all the sons of Emperor Yongzheng. Since he was a child, he was loved by his grandfather Kangxi and his father Yongzheng. Kangxi carefully selected good teachers for him and educated him in many aspects. Some historians of the Qing Dynasty believe that it was because Kangxi believed that sun Hongli was outstanding that it was passed down to his father Yongzheng. Before Hongli ascended the throne, he was granted the title of Prince Bao. As a young man, he was very intelligent, capable of writing and martial arts, and he was very talented. Yongzheng placed high hopes on him, which is beyond the reach of any prince. As early as in August of the first year of Yongzheng, Hongli was established as the crown prince by the way of "secretly establishing the crown prince". Prince Hongshi once competed with him for favor, but his ancestral status was removed. However, Yongzheng accepted the lesson of Kangxi and did not allow the prince to participate in politics. Similarly, before Hongli ascended the throne, he had never participated in the government affairs or served as an important military and political post. Only in 1735, Yongzheng took part in the affairs of changing the land and returning to the stream in the Miao area. Yong

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