Tomb of Zhang Heng

Zhang Heng cemetery

synonym

Zhang Heng's tomb generally refers to Zhang Heng's cemetery

Zhangheng cemetery (zhangheng Museum), located in the northwest corner of xiaoshiqiao village, Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province, is the resting place of Zhang Heng, a great scientist, inventor and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Cultural relics protection

In January 1988, Zhang Heng cemetery was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council. In 2001, it was listed as a patriotic education base in Henan Province. Zhang Heng's cemetery is located in the north and south, with beautiful scenery. According to historical records, the original scale of Zhang Heng's tomb was magnificent, including Weng Zhong, stone beast, temple, reading platform, Zhang Heng house, etc. All the tourists and literati who come to Nanyang drive here to visit ancient times and pay homage. Cui yuan, Xia houzhan, Luo Binwang and Zheng Gu all wrote inscriptions for Zhang Heng's tomb and wrote poems to express their feelings. Until the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, they were famous for Nuzhen. The iron cavalry of the Yuan Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were destroyed and gradually disappeared. Later, Zhang Heng Museum was built in the original site.

Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the government has repeatedly allocated funds to repair the tomb. Guo Moruo, a famous scholar, wrote an inscription for Zhang Heng's tomb. The inscription said: "such a person with all-round development is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship thousands of people. Yan Keats, the former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, wrote an inscription praising: "the essence of the instrument reveals the world, and the science is a masterpiece for thousands of years.". The whole building is majestic and solemn, which makes the visitors who come to visit pingdiao have endless reverie.

Zhang Heng cemetery, sitting north to south, beautiful scenery. According to historical records, the original scale of Zhang Heng's tomb was magnificent, including Weng Zhong, stone beast, temple, reading platform, Zhang Heng house, etc. All the tourists and scholars who come to Wan drive here to visit ancient times and pay homage. Cui yuan, Xia houzhan, Luo Binwang and Zheng Gu all wrote inscriptions for Zhang Heng's tomb and wrote poems to express their feelings. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, their monuments gradually disappeared. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the government has repeatedly allocated funds to repair the tomb. Guo Moruo, a famous scholar, wrote an inscription for Zhang Heng's tomb. The inscription said: "such a person with all-round development is also rare in world history. It is admirable to worship thousands of people. Yan Keats, the former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, wrote an inscription praising: "the essence of the instrument reveals the world, and the science is a masterpiece for thousands of years.".

Construction planning

In order to better protect and utilize Zhang Heng's tomb, in September 1990, the State Administration of cultural relics issued an official reply to "agree to the plan of building Zhang Heng's cemetery and Museum within the protection scope of Zhang Heng's tomb".

The whole cemetery covers an area of 38000 square meters, which is composed of two parts: Zhang Heng's cemetery and Museum. The project of Zhang Heng's cemetery has begun to take shape. The whole cemetery covers an area of 1600 square meters, which is composed of Han que, Mountain Gate, gatehouse, worship hall, turret, stone statue, armillary sphere and seismograph sculpture attractions. The exhibition of Zhang Heng's life achievements is held in it, which vividly introduces Zhang Heng's outstanding achievements Life and its inventions.

Identity of tomb owner

Zhang Heng (78-139), the word Pingzi. Han nationality, born in xi'e, Nanyang (now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan Province), is one of the five saints of Nanyang. Together with Sima Xiangru, Yang Xiong and Ban Gu, they are known as four masters of Han Fu. He was a great astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer and litterateur in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He successively held the posts of doctor, Taishiling, Shizhong and Hejian. In his later years, he became a minister of the imperial court because of illness. He died in the fourth year of Yonghe (139) at the age of 62. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was granted the title of xiebe.

Zhang Heng wrote Lingxian and Hunyi Tu Zhu in astronomy, suanlanglun in mathematics, and Erjing Fu and Guitian Fu in literature. There are 14 volumes of Zhang Heng Ji in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, which has been lost for a long time. Zhang Pu of the Ming Dynasty compiled the collection of Zhang Hejian, which is included in the collection of Bai San Jia of Han, Wei and six dynasties.

Zhang Heng made outstanding contributions to the development of astronomy, mechanical technology and Seismology in China. He invented the armillary sphere and the seismograph. He was one of the representatives of the theory of the celestial sphere in the Middle Eastern Han Dynasty. Later generations were known as the "wood saint.".

In baopuzi Bianwen, written by Ge Hong of Jin Dynasty, it is said that "those who are good at carving and cutting are called wood saints. Therefore, Zhang Heng and Ma Jun have the name of wood saints today."

In Wei Lue (Wei Lue), written by Gao Yu sun of Song Dynasty, Volume 7: "Zhang Heng and Ma Zhong are called" Mu Sheng ".

Due to his outstanding contribution, the UN astronomical organization named a crater on the back of the moon as "Zhang Heng crater" and the asteroid 1802 in the solar system as "Zhang Heng star". Later generations built a museum in Nanyang to commemorate Zhang Heng.

Related allusions

In 132 A.D. (the first year of Yangjia), Zhang Heng invented the earliest seismograph, which is called Houfeng seismograph. According to Zhang Heng Zhuan of the later Han Dynasty, the seismograph is made of refined copper, with a diameter of eight feet, a protruding top cover, shaped like a wine bottle, and decorated with the image of turtle, bird and beast in seal script.

There is a big pillar in the middle. It runs along eight roads. Turn off the engine. It has eight directions, each with a dragon with a copper bead in its mouth, and a toad corresponding to it below each dragon. If there is an earthquake on either side, the copper beads contained in the Longkou in that direction will fall into the toad's mouth, so that the direction of the earthquake can be determined. After testing, it was in accordance with the established system as God, which has never been recorded in books.

Folklore

Once upon a time, the ground didn't move. Luoyang scholars all blamed the lack of letters. A few days later, the messenger came. Sure enough, an earthquake happened in Longxi, and everyone was convinced. Since then, the court ordered historians to record the place where the earthquake happened.

About the structure of the seismograph, there are two popular versions: Wang Zhenduo model, that is, "Du Zhu" is a cylinder like an inverted wine bottle, and the mechanism controlling the Longkou is around the "Du Zhu". This model has been basically denied. Another model was proposed by Feng Rui of the Seismological Bureau, that is, "duzhu" is a hanging pendulum (see Yuan Hong's "post Han Dynasty"), there is a small ball under the pendulum, and the ball is located at the intersection of the "meter" shaped slideway (i.e. "Guan" in "post Han history · biography of Zhang Heng"). During the earthquake, "duzhu" moves the small ball, and the small ball hits the mechanism controlling the Longkou, making the Longkou open. In addition, Feng Rui's model changed Toad's face from the bottle body to the back of the bottle body and acted as the foot of the instrument. The simulation results of the model are consistent with the historical records.

Earthquakes are frequent in the world, but it is after the 19th century that we can really observe earthquakes with instruments abroad. Houfeng seismograph is the ancestor of seismograph in the world. Although its function is only limited to the location of the epicenter, it has surpassed the development of world science and technology for about 1800 years.

Commemorative activities

Zhang Heng cemetery, the whole building momentum powerful, solemn and solemn, so that visitors come to visit the memorial, reminiscent of the past, produce infinite reverie. In October 2001, it was named as the "provincial patriotic education demonstration base" by the Propaganda Department of Henan provincial Party committee. Every year, Nanyang zhangheng museum holds activities to commemorate Zhang Heng's birthday.

Address: xiaoshiqiao village, Shiqiao Town, Wolong District, Nanyang City

Longitude: 112.61152648926

Latitude: 33.146751403809

Ticket information: market price: 10.0 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Heng Mu