Tomb of Li Yumei

The tomb of Li Yumei, governor of Hedong River in the light years of the Qing Dynasty. In recognition of his achievements in river management, Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty granted him the title of crown prince and imperial edict to build a tomb after his death. Now it is a key cultural relic protection unit in China.

Li Yumei is famous for harnessing the Yellow River, for whom Lin Zexu wrote an epitaph.

Tomb of Li Yumei

Li Yumei's tomb, located outside the east gate of Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, is the tomb of Li Yumei, governor of Hedong River during the reign of Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty. In recognition of his achievements in river management, Emperor Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty granted him the title of crown prince and imperial edict to build a tomb after his death.

Li Yumei, Han Hui, is a native of Hunyuan city. In the 20th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, he served as magistrate of Ningling County, Kaifeng Prefecture, Hubei governor, Henan governor and so on. During the reign of Daoguang, he was experienced in harnessing the Yellow River, and he was appointed governor of Hedong river channel to harness the Yellow River. The mausoleum covers an area of 99324 square meters. On both sides of the gate stand two huge steles of five meter high white marble. The height of the tomb is one foot six feet, and the height of the platform is two feet five inches. All of them are surrounded by white marble. The epitaph in the chamber was written by Lin Zexu, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi at that time.

Main achievements

Harnessing the Yellow River

There are many beaches on both sides of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, especially in the Henan section, where the river is wide and the beaches are wide. Every time there is a flood in autumn, the beach surface will be washed into a lot of gullies, which are connected with the river at the head and tail. They often slip into rivers and scour the levees, causing the danger of breach. At the beginning of Li Yumei's term of office, after investigation and research, he paid great attention to harnessing the hidden danger of beach surface ditch. In the autumn of the 15th year of Daoguang, Yuanwu and Yangwu (now Yuanyang County) on the North Bank of the river flowed separately in the two flood streams, forming a branch river. They were more than 40 Li up and down along the dike. They were tight everywhere and in serious danger. Li Yumei personally went to the construction site to direct the rescue. This area of levee, originally not by the river, usually did not prepare materials, if the use of straw fascine rescue, levee section is too long, it is impossible to repair the whole line. In view of the fact that the houses on the beach were flooded and collapsed at that time, and there were a lot of bricks. They thought that the bricks were similar to the stones, so they decided to buy the local bricks and try to throw the brick dam for emergency protection. After 40 days and nights of emergency repair, more than 60 long and short brick dams were built, so as to move out and save the danger. These old brick dams were preserved until the eve of the founding of the people's Republic of China. In February of the 16th year of Daoguang, the ditch in Sanbao of Yangwu passed and approached the root of the dike. The width of the ditch was more than 120 Zhang, and the depth was one to two Zhang. Brick dam was also used to block the ditch, and soon the silt was deposited on the ground.

Book promotion

After the successful trial of brick dam, Li Yumei wrote to the emperor for promotion, but some officials in the court objected. They thought that it was better to repair fascine than to throw bricks, and it was better to buy materials than to buy bricks. Su Yumei wrote again and again that every year, stone is used to protect fascine on both sides of the Yellow River, but the stone is difficult to be mined and transported, and the price is high, so one stone can buy two bricks. At the same time, the virtual square of gravel is large, the virtual square of brick material is small, and one square brick can be used as two square stones. However, straw fascine is not strong in flood resistance and easy to rot over a long period of time. It is suggested that more brick kilns should be set up along the dike to prepare large bricks for construction. It was not until the 19th year of Daoguang that the emperor approved the proposal of building dykes with bricks and promoted it. The big bricks used in river engineering are oval in shape. Each brick weighs about 20 jin. There are round holes in it. They can be tied by ropes, and are easy to be thrown and repaired. They can also be used to build dams. This is an innovation of the shangyushui project of the Yellow River. Until 1949, the Yellow River also set up a brick factory in Kaifeng, specialized in firing River bricks to make up for the shortage of stone.

Li Yumei had made many special trips to the north and south sides of the river by boat. Each trip lasted more than 40 miles. She found that the North Bank of the river had deep water in the ditch. The tail of the ditch had been connected with the river, and the water in the Qinhe River, Wuzhi River and Rongze beach had been poured into the bank. There is no protection project under the dike. The stone dike is full of water in the north and south, and no earth can be taken to build the dam. In this case, only "throwing bricks to build dam" can slow down the water potential. Therefore, Li Yumei bought a batch of bricks from the common people, organized the masses to throw bricks into the river, took emergency measures, and built dozens of "brick dams". After the "brick dam" was built, it happened to be a storm. At this time, most of the tributaries and rivers burst tens of feet, but the levees were safe. From then on, people realized the great role of throwing bricks to build dams. On weekdays, Li Yumei has a water control map in his mind. He knows the river's curvature, width, depth and speed. Every time the wind and rain is coming, he reaches the dangerous place immediately. Once the flood occurs, he can personally command the rescue and subdue the flood. Therefore, it is very popular with the local people. During his five years in office, there were few floods in Hedong area. Because he was honest, honest and brave in law enforcement, he violated the authority and was framed. Later, he became depressed and became ill. He died as governor of the river course and died for his country. He was 63 years old. After his death, from the court ministers down to the people, people miss him very much. The local people built temples for him, and whenever there was a flood, they went to sacrifice. Emperor Daoguang of Qing Dynasty specially built a mausoleum for him in the East and south of Hunyuan Prefecture. Jin Dynasty presented it to the crown prince and his posthumous title was Gongqin. Emperor Daoguang and Li Yumei's good friend Lin Zexu wrote sacrificial articles for him. Today, the two inscriptions are well preserved, and the place is called "Li Jia Fen". Local people affectionately call Li Yumei "Mr. Li". During the Qingming Festival, there are many people going to sacrifice. He is a river management expert with solid strength and courage to innovate, and has made important contributions to China's ancient water conservancy. Li Yumei's greatest achievement in his life was to harness the Yellow River. During the reign of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, the Yellow River flowed through Henan Province and caused widespread disasters, which attracted the attention of the imperial court. Li Yumei was appointed governor of Hedong river course to take charge of the Yellow River regulation. In the process of harnessing the Yellow River, Li Yumei paid attention to investigation and research, often took small boats to patrol and investigate along the river, and went deep into the masses to understand the crux and experience of harnessing the Yellow River. Later, he created the experience of "replacing fascine with brick" according to local conditions. In the past, "fascine" has been used in dams in Henan Province (that is, to build dams with weeds and sand packed in sacks). Li Yumei found that building dams with bricks is better than "fascine" and can save a lot of money. So it took two years to build more than 60 brick dams. At first, this method was criticized by the court ministers, who argued for it and stated in detail the advantages and disadvantages of replacing fascine with brick.

Memorial ceremony for celebrities

Emperor Daoguang's eulogy

Zhenwei river is on the right track, Huangfang attaches great importance to the talents, the sea is calm, and the achievements of Huairou are rare and mediocre. Li Yumei, who had the ability to grow well, began to test in Zhongzhou, and was recommended to Shanzhou. She loved to dissect in Nanyu, and repeated the following sound, which was consistent with Danlun zibi's reiteration. She had the experience of cuiban Hongwei and Jijin Hongwei, and had a long history of material prosperity. She invited TEDA to know about water conservancy, and had been familiar with Yu's responsibility of rebuilding and preventing water conservancy. She was adept in discharging stagnant water and dredging canals, and was good at guiding yuanpi by anliuce. At the end of Kyushu, she made great achievements in clearing wind and bamboo arrows, eliminating snow and waves on the flat land, and consolidating vicissitudes Yunbo's transportation, Jia's and Ruichuan's power depend on Ren Weiyin. This is my three-year performance appraisal. I'm very grateful to you for your contribution. What's the meaning of my arm painting? Mourning for one's husband and praising one's husband in ancient books. Feng Caixia and Wu are the first lady. He was granted an official title, which was inherited by Kachin.

Memorial ceremony of Lin Zexu

At the end of the year, zhuanfu was still in the mire of Hitachi. He was the first to stand at the head of the dam and asked for a solution at any time. He was not born in the second or third year, so he planned to resist. However, his deep intention was not only to save money, but also to move the cost of the second place to the dike, so that the overflow could be eliminated forever. Xuanfang Wanfu so, for the country's plan, and even how? He did not do what he did, but died. He Biao Huang Yun, soldiers specialized in Chun loss, although the city guard is weak, the skill is not idle, only Jining County, Cao gun night peep hair, exercise defense can be ignored, Tian Zengyan, Sancai quick battle in various positions, bow from the coach. There are five schools of liberal arts for the children of soldiers to study. On February 17, he went to hujiatun, Zhengzhou, where he ate a lot of food. He felt strange and febrile. He died three times in sixty years. Lin Zexu, a famous writer in the minhai area, immediately wrote a book.

Historical evaluation

Li Yumei was hardworking all her life. She was strict with herself and honest. She was deeply loved by the emperor and respected by the masses. When his coffin was transported from Henan Province to Shanxi Province, the people along the way wept to see him off for thousands of miles. Many officials "also heard it running". After his death, he was honored. The emperor was granted the title of "Gongqin" as the crown prince's protection, and the Emperor Daoguang also made sacrificial inscriptions and inscriptions, and gave sacrificial burial. This is the Li Yumei tomb built by the Royal edict in Hunyuan county. The mausoleum, which is all carved with huge white marble components, has become a precious cultural relic handed down to later generations. Lin Zexu, a famous patriotic minister, wrote an epitaph for him. In Henan, people built ancestral temples and worshipped him as the king (river god). Hunyuan people respected him as Lord Li. According to historical records, Li Yumei died in office on the way to inspect the situation of the river. According to local folklore, because of the rise of the Yellow River, Li first threw his shoes, then died in the river and served his country. In Hunyuan County, there is a saying of "silver man" buried in the tomb, which is called "Li family tomb".

Layout of scenic spots

Li Yumei mausoleum is a precious historical relic in Shanxi Province. It is located in the northeast corner of Hunyuan City, facing Hengshan and Hunhe River in the north, with a total area of 7740 square meters. Inside, the buildings are solemn and magnificent, and the layout is rigorous and symmetrical. In particular, the rich and colorful white marble stone carvings are the exquisite works and gems of Qingling stone carvings, which are appreciated by tourists and favored by experts. Following the northbound Route of Tianfeng North Road for more than 1000 meters, the first thing that catches the eyes of visitors is a tall and magnificent brick arch building. In the middle of the top of the door are four vigorous brick characters: "Li's Jiayu". This is the gate of the cemetery - Nanqi gate. On both sides of the gate stand two stele pavilions, which are more than 5 meters high

Chinese PinYin : Li Yu Mei Mu