Heihe National Forest Park

Heihe National Forest Park

Heihe National Forest Park is located in Zhouzhi County, the source of Heihe River (formerly known as Mangshui), with an area of 7462 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 94%. 108 National roads are connected vertically and horizontally, so the traffic is very convenient. The park is densely forested, with giant panda, golden monkey, takin and other rare wild animals wandering in it. There are tangluodao, yingpanliang, Diaoyutai, Damon River and other historical and cultural landscapes. Spring is full of flowers, summer is full of forests, autumn is full of red leaves, and winter is full of snow.

The park has four scenic spots, more than 100 scenic spots. The park is WWF eco-tourism demonstration area, Qinling Zhongnanshan World Geopark, Heihe scenic area, National Forest Park and national AAA scenic area.

In February 2020, in order to pay homage to "the most beautiful reverse Walker", Heihe National Forest Park will be open to medical staff free of charge and other preferential policies from the date of reopening to December 31, 2020.

geographical environment

Location context

Heihe National Forest Park is located in Zhouzhi County, the source of Heihe River (formerly known as Mangshui). It belongs to the category of great Taibai Mountain, and it is a natural forest

Material resources have international influence. The forest is vast. Qinling Mountains is a primeval forest area. The plant species account for 65% of the plant species in Qinling Mountains, and the wildlife species account for 42% of the wildlife species in Shaanxi Province. The park is located on both sides of the upper reaches of the Heihe River, along the Heihe River. Many water color scenic spots reflect the characteristics of Qinling Mountains, which is the most famous water landscape tourist destination in Qinling Mountains.

Climatic characteristics

Heihe National Forest Park belongs to warm temperate semi humid monsoon climate zone with moderate rainfall and four distinct seasons. The annual maximum temperature is about 40 ℃, and the annual minimum temperature is about - 8 ℃. The average frost free period is 219-233 days. January is the coldest, with an average temperature of - 0.5 ℃ ~ 1.3 ℃. The average minimum temperature is - 3.8 ℃, the average temperature is 26.3 ℃ ~ 27 ℃, the average maximum temperature is 32.2 ℃, and the annual average temperature is 13.6 ℃.

In summer and autumn, the average temperature of the park is 15 ℃ - 20 ℃ lower than that of the Guanzhong Plain, which is 60 kilometers away. These characteristics are rare in the forest park at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, and it is the best summer resort in Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province. From April to November, the park has cool climate, green shade, abundant water and grass, and high visibility, which is a good season for tourism.

Resources

Forest resources

The forest coverage rate of Heihe National Forest Park is 94%. There are more than 800 hectares of primeval forest in houwanzi and tiejiashu. There are about 1600 hectares of primeval forest between the main river channels of Daman River, Fuzhiling and Heihe River, mainly composed of Pinus tabulaeformis, Quercus, Tilia amurensis and Betula platyphylla. The average height of the stand is 15 meters, the canopy density is more than 0.8, the age of the stand is about 200 years, and the branches and branches are inclined. The forest is as deep as the sea. There are more than 4000 hectares of secondary forests on both sides of the Heihe River from houwanzi to houhugou, mainly Quercus, conifer and poplar. The average age of trees is about 80 years, the average height is 12 meters, and the average canopy density is more than 0.7.

Mountain resources

Qinling, as an orogenic belt, is a huge latitudinal tectonic belt formed by the long-term collision and opening and closing of the Sino Korean plate and the Yangtze plate. During the Sinian Triassic period, through the multi-stage development of Caledonian, Variscan and Indosinian, the complex tectonic movement of multi cycle folds became the fold system. The complex tectonic development laid the foundation for the Qinling Mountains as the North-South boundary of water system, climate, vegetation and products in China. In the long history of geological development, all kinds of sedimentation, volcanic activity, magmatic activity and glaciation have taken place one after another. The various relics left by these geological processes, such as lithostratigraphy, folds, faults, glacial landforms, stone forests, caves, underground rivers, animal and plant fossils, and mineral resources, are very rich. The Heihe River Valley cuts across the Qinling Mountains from east to west. These geological relics are concentrated in the Heihe River Valley, which is about 50km from the Heihe River basin to the Qinling Mountains.

Hydrological resources

Heihe River originates from Taibai Mountain and guangtou mountain, the main peaks of Qinling Mountains, on the South and north sides of houwanzi in the southwest of Zhouzhi County. It flows from south to North and turns from east to west to northeast. It flows into Weihe River at Shima village of Shangcai Township, with a total length of 126 km, a main river gradient of 88%, and a drainage area of 2258 km2, of which 72.8% is mountainous area. Within the distance of 70km from the upstream of the main river, there are abundant and peculiar natural ecological resources such as geology, hydrology, forest vegetation and animals. The relative height difference of Heihe River flowing into Weihe River from its source is more than 3200 meters. The gradient difference between them is large. There are many tributaries and the flow direction is changeable. Due to the complex and changeable rock types in the mountains, the Heihe River forms a variety of water system types and valley characteristics, which is of great value for tourism development. According to the preliminary investigation, the source of Heihe River is divided into two branches: the upstream of the North Branch is called Hongshui River, and the downstream is called Damon river. It originates from the south side of baxiantai, the main peak of Taibai Mountain, and the South Branch originates from guangtou mountain, the main ridge of Qinling Mountain, which is called huaerping river. They are mainly deep valleys in the mountains, but because of the different flow directions, they show different river basin landscapes with small East-West gradient and large north-south gradient. Therefore, the width of the river valley varies, and the river direct current and meandering flow alternately appear. In addition, the edge beach and core beach formed in the river course constitute the unique hydrological tourism landscape resources in the Heihe River Basin from top to bottom.

Main attractions

natural landscape

The park rivers are the main river or tributaries of Heihe River, and the drainage area covers the whole park. The average annual runoff of the whole basin is 628.5 million cubic meters, with low sediment content and good water quality. River gradient is large, the flow is fast, the flow direction is changeable, and it is close to the steep rocks on both sides. The deep pools, secluded waterfalls, shoals and rapids are everywhere. The water tourism resources in the park include juwengtan waterfall, Yueyu lake, Zhiyin lake, Heilong lake, Bailong lake and juwengtan Lake; mountain spring landscape represented by sweet water spring and Yudong spring; Stream Landscape represented by Qingyan flying snow and Xiangxi appreciating flowers. There are 28 water color scenic spots such as hanging waterfall, youtan, famous spring and stream. Among them, juwengtan waterfall falls 50 meters, which is close to Hukou waterfall at the junction of Shaanxi and Shanxi.

places of historic figures and cultural heritage

Tangluo ancient road

Starting from Zhou to luoyukou in the north and tangyukou in Yang County in the south, it is one of the six main roads leading to Hanzhong and Sichuan in ancient Guanzhong area. As a trunk road, it was opened in the reign of emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty. After crossing the xilaojunling, the ancient road enters the forest park, passes through the Badou River and the Damian River Valley, goes west along the Heihe River to houanzi, and then goes southwest along qiumaozigou, crosses the Qinling ridge and leaves the park. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Wei conquered Shu and Shu attacked Wei three times. In the five years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the governor of Liangzhou (now Hanzhong) led his troops out of Luoyu and defeated Zhao and attacked Chang'an. After the middle of Tang Dynasty, when Chang'an was in danger, the Emperor fled south by this way and took his convenience. In the Qing Dynasty, Tangluo road became an important way of material exchange between Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi. In the 37th year of the Republic of China, Hu zongnan fled to Hanzhong and repaired it in April of the next year After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was one of the mountain roads from Zhouzhi County to Yangxian County for human transportation.

Zhandao site

The former plank road site in the north of Jiangjiaping village in houwanzi Township, the former plank road site in qiaowanping village in shaliangzi Township, the former plank road site in liujiaozi village in zuojiaping village in houwanzi Township, the plank road site in guanyinya village in houwanzi Township, the black river bridge site in shaliangzi Township, etc. Square or round stone holes and square stone beams can be seen in the vestiges of plank road. The most common one is square stone hole. Generally, the side length of the hole is 15cm and the depth is 15-30cm. The cornerstone is Lianshan stone based on bluestone.

Yingpanliang

Located in houwanzi, it is the site of the barracks of the past dynasties. Liang Ding is flat and broad with abundant vegetation, which is a good place for military strategists to camp. During the period of the Three Kingdoms, the Wei Dynasty took the place of Shu, and Shu attacked the Wei Dynasty and took Tang Luodao for the second time. He once stationed his troops here. In the fifth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the governor of Liangzhou (now Hanzhong) led his troops out of Luoyu, and after the defeat, Zhao attacked Chang'an. The site has now become a village, with only a few remnant steles and stones. The characters on the surface of the stele have been worn out and cannot be verified.

Xie Jialiang

Located in houwanzi, it is the site of the barracks and the ancient battlefield of the past dynasties. In history, many rebel troops, such as Huang Chao rebel army, Chuang Wang Gao Yingxiang, Bailian uprising army, Taiping Army (Qiwang Liang Chengfu), etc. also fought many times on this road. Chuang Wang Gao Yingxiang was killed in Heishui valley. In addition, in August 1932 and July 1935, the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army and the 25th army of the Red Army also turned over the Qinling Mountains from the Heihe River basin to fight in southern Shaanxi. Only the landform of the ancient battlefield can be seen in the ruins, and there is no textual research on the other relics.

Sanyi Temple

It was built during the reign of Emperor Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, which was based on the meaning of Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. There is only one small temple and one stone tablet left in this site. The small temple is about 5 meters high and covers an area of 20 square meters. It looks like a house and is dilapidated. In the old days, the Heihe River was used to transport timber by water, commonly known as "catch up box". At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the Xianggong group gradually entered the foot of Taibai Mountain in the upper reaches of Heihe River. The road was rugged and steep. Some Xianggong people often fell off the cliff and died in the river. Zhengtouxiang master ignored Xianggong's life and death. Xianggong gathered here and organized uprising. It was recorded in Shaanxi shipping annals. He wrote a glorious page of Xiang Gong uprising in Chinese feudal society. In the temple, there is a stele built in Daoguang year, which records the Xiang

Chinese PinYin : Hei He Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan