The Taishan Scenic Area

Mount Tai

synonym

Mount Tai scenic area generally refers to Mount Tai (World Cultural and natural heritage - Mount Tai)

statement

This entry introduces Mount Tai itself. For information about Mount Tai scenic area, please refer to the entry "Mount Tai scenic area".

Mount Tai, also known as Daishan, Daizong, Daiyue, Dongyue and Taiyue, is one of the five mountains. It is located in the central part of Shandong Province, stretching between Tai'an, Jinan and Zibo, with a total area of 24200 hectares. Yuhuangding, the main peak, is 1532.7 meters above sea level.

Mount Tai was regarded by the ancients as a heaven "connecting to the throne" and became a sacred mountain worshipped by the people and worshipped by the emperor. There is a saying that "Mount Tai is safe and all the world is safe". From the beginning of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were 13 generations of emperors who went to Mount Tai in turn to offer sacrifices, and another 24 generations of emperors sent officials to offer sacrifices 72 times

. There are more than 20 ancient buildings and more than 2200 stone inscriptions on the mountain.

On November 8, 1982, Mount Tai was listed in the first batch of national scenic spots. On December 12, 1987, Mount Tai was listed as a world cultural and natural heritage. On March 7, 2007, it was rated as national AAAAA tourist attraction.

geographical environment

Location context

Mount Tai runs through the central part of Shandong Province, within Tai'an City, stretching between Tai'an City and Jinan City. It was called "Daishan" and "Daizong" in ancient times, and was renamed "Mount Tai" in spring and autumn. Mount Tai is adjacent to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, and Jinan, the spring city. Mount Tai rises in the east of the North China Plain, above the Qilu plain. It is adjacent to the sea in the East, the Yellow River in the west, and the waters of Wen, Si and Huai in the south. It is about 200 kilometers long from east to west and 50 kilometers wide from north to South. The main vein, branch and remaining veins involve more than ten surrounding counties. The pan Wo area is 426 square kilometers, and the main peak Yuhuangding is 1532.7 meters above sea level.

Geological characteristics

The geological structure of Mount Tai is very complex, mainly fault, and its structural feature is fault block tilting and uplifting. There are not only Precambrian structures, but also Meso Cenozoic structures.

The Precambrian Geological Structure of Mount Tai is characterized by multi-stage folds, faults and ductile shear zones. They superimpose and transform each other, forming an extremely complex structure. The study of their genetic mechanism is one of the important contents of Precambrian geology. In addition, the development of Mesoproterozoic diabase porphyrite is a rare "barrel structure" at home and abroad, which has high scientific value.

From the perspective of regional tectonics, the strong subduction of the Pacific plate to the Eurasian plate in the near east-west direction caused the strong tilting activity of the nee trending fault in the Taishan area under the action of near north-south extension, resulting in the large-scale uplift of the Taishan Mountain, resulting in the widespread and strong neotectonic movement of the Taishan Mountain, which played a leading role in controlling the formation and geomorphic pattern of the Taishan Mountain. The gravity sliding structure formed on the unconformity surface of the lower Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline basement around Mount Tai is also closely related to the neotectonic movement.

topographic features

Taishan Mountain is the highest mountain in the hills of Shandong Province. The strata are typical basement and cap rock structure area of North China platform. The southern part of Taishan mountain rises greatly, and the cap rock is weathered away, revealing a large basement Taishan complex, namely the Taishan Group strata of Archean. Its absolute age is about 2.5 billion years, which is one of the oldest strata in China. In the northern part, the uplift is small, and the typical Paleozoic strata developed on the North China platform are preserved in the caprock. The landform of Mount Tai can be divided into four types: alluvial proluvial platform, denudation accumulation hill, structural denudation low mountain and erosion structure low mountain. In terms of spatial image, from low to high, it creates a towering trend of overlapping peaks and towering in the air, forming a geomorphic landscape composed of multiple terrain groups.

Neotectonic movement and the formation of Mount Tai

The formation of Mount Tai has experienced a long and complex evolutionary process, which can be divided into three stages: the formation of ancient Mount Tai, the evolution of sea and land, and the formation of Mount Tai.

1、 In Archean times, Mount Tai was once a part of a huge subsidence zone or trough in western Shandong, where thick muddy sand and basic volcanic materials were accumulated. Later, after the Taishan movement, the fold and uplift became a huge mountain system, and a series of faults, magmatism and metamorphism occurred at the same time. The Taishan complex is composed of various metamorphic complexes and magmatic rocks.

After long-term weathering and denudation, the topography of the ancient Mount Tai, which stands on the sea level, tends to be gentle in Zhejiang. In the early Paleozoic, the vast area of North China declined greatly, and the ancient Mount Tai sank below the sea level. A set of Cambrian Ordovician limestone with a thickness of nearly 2000 meters was deposited on the denudation surface of the basement of the ancient metamorphic complex. At the end of Middle Ordovician, under the influence of Caledonian movement, North China rose to continent as a whole and experienced a long-term sedimentary hiatus. At the beginning of Middle Carboniferous, there was a short alternation of ascending and descending. Taishan area was in the environment of time land and time sea. On the denudation surface of Middle Ordovician, the middle and Late Carboniferous sea land interactive coal series were deposited. After that, Mount Tai continued to rise and entered the stage of mainland development.

During the Mesozoic era, a nee trending Taiqian fault was formed at the southern foot of the mountain, and the original ancient Taishan in the north side of the fault was uplifted and uplifted continuously and suffered from weathering and denudation. In the Cenozoic, the Taishan Mountain continued to be tilted and uplifted by a large margin. At the top of the mountain, all the sedimentary caprocks that originally covered the ancient metamorphic complex were denuded, and the metamorphic complex formed more than 2 billion years ago was re exposed to the surface. It was not until the Middle Cenozoic, about 30 million years ago, that the overall lunguo of Mount Tai was basically formed. Later, under the constant erosion and weathering of various external geological processes, the magnificent landscape of Mount Tai was gradually shaped. The nee trending fault in the southern foot of Taishan mountain formed in Mesozoic, inclines to the southeast with an dip angle of 800-850 degrees. The north wall is Archean Taishan complex, and the south wall is Cambrian limestone and shale, which is in the form of normal fault. The fault is composed of multiple faults and multiple fragments with a strike extension of more than 100 kilometers. It has large drop, long extension and mechanical properties The characteristics of complex and multi-stage activities, since the formation of the late Jurassic, its activities have continued to modern times, so that the Taishan Mountain in the north side is constantly uplifted and subjected to weathering erosion, and the Tailai basin in the south side is constantly declining and accepting sedimentation. It directly controls the formation and evolution of Taishan and Tailai basin, which is the natural boundary between them and plays a decisive role in the formation of Taishan. As a young fault block mountain system, Mount Tai is the result of the continuous uplift and neotectonic movement of the north wall of the pre Tai fault.

Erosion landscape

Under the influence of neotectonic movement, the erosion and cutting action of Mount Tai is very strong, and different types of erosion landforms are widely developed. Because the rising amount of the south slope of Mount Tai is much larger than that of the north slope, the erosion intensity of the south slope is relatively strong, and the erosion landform is relatively developed.

According to the morphology and genesis, the erosion landforms can be divided into the following five types

(1) Middle mountain of erosion structure: it is mainly distributed around Yuhuangding, the main peak of Mount Tai, and around the old platform, huangshiya and huangyashan, with an altitude of about 1000-1500 meters. The lithology of the mountain is mainly metamorphic rock and granite. It is the mountain with the highest terrain, the largest uplift range and the strongest erosion cutting in the region. The peak is high and the valley is deep, the terrain is steep, the maximum cutting depth is 500-800 meters, the valley slope is steep, there are many water drops, the gravity collapse effect is remarkable, the cliff and rock dump formed after the collapse can be seen everywhere.

(2) Eroded structural low mountain: it is distributed in the area of aolaifeng, Zhongtianmen and Jiandingshan, with an altitude of 700-100m and a relative altitude of more than 200m. The lithology of the mountain is mainly metamorphic rock, granite and diorite. The cutting intensity of erosion is slightly weaker than that of the main peak. However, the terrain is still very steep, with deep valleys, sharp peaks, jagged ridges and steep cliffs.

(3) Dissolution erosion structure low mountain: it is mainly distributed in the area from Jiguanshan to Qingshan in the northeast of the main peak. The altitude is generally 500-700 meters, and the relative height is more than 200 meters. The mountain is mainly composed of metamorphic rocks and Paleozoic Cambrian limestone. The erosion intensity is medium and the mountain range is long. For example, the top is covered with thick limestone, which often forms a "square mountain" or "Table Mountain" with steep four walls and flat top. It is called "Shang" locally. For example, the mountain tops in Zhangxia and Shangshan areas can sometimes form karst landforms such as caves and "transparent mountain" due to the dissolution of limestone.

(4) Erosion hills: they are mostly distributed in the Cambrian limestone area on the northern edge of Mount Tai, with an altitude of 300-500m. The relative height difference is less than 200m. The erosion cutting degree is relatively weak, the terrain is low and gentle, the valley is not developed, forming a kind of "pig back mountain" with dome and gentle ridge, and the phenomena of karst ditch and cave are relatively common.

(5) Tin eroded hills: they are mainly distributed at the edge of the low mountain in the south of the mountain, the line from Dahe to Hushan and Huangqian, with an altitude of about 200 meters. The bedrock is mostly metamorphic rock and granite, and the erosion intensity is very weak. They are mainly eroded and weathered, forming isolated hills and gentle ridges.

Micro landscape

Under the influence of neotectonic movement, there are not only various types of erosion landforms, but also many small or micro landforms in Mount Tai. Such as Dazhigou, dagouxiang, yaozigou, Sanchagou Canyon landform, baizhangya, fanziya cliff cliff

Chinese PinYin : Tai Shan Feng Jing Qu