Anbing family cemetery

Anbing family cemetery

Anbing family cemetery is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 1996. It is the cemetery of anbing and his family, the Xuanfu envoy and Shaoshi of Sichuan Province in Southern Song Dynasty.

Anbing family cemetery, found a large number of exquisite high relief stone carvings and color murals, fine techniques, smooth lines, vivid, lifelike, can be called a unique; stone carvings, a wide range of content, involving people, animals, plants, architecture, animals, weapons, musical instruments and so on. Many state-level cultural relics, including gold, silver, copper coins, gold, silver, copper, jade, pottery and other objects of different texture, as well as a large number of tricolor figurines, were unearthed from the tomb.

Anbing family cemetery is the best preserved, the largest, the highest level and the most artistic one in Song Dynasty. A large number of exquisite stone carvings and national first-class precious cultural relics found in the tombs can be regarded as the quintessence of cultural relics in the 13th century. They are of great value to the study of architecture, art, music and history in the Southern Song Dynasty. They are also valuable materials for understanding the politics, economy, military and culture of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Historical origin

Anbing family cemetery is located in zhaoxun village, Shuanghe Town, Huaying City, Sichuan Province. It is the cemetery of Xuanfu envoy, Shaoshi anbing and his family in Southern Song Dynasty. It covers an area of about 100 mu.

Anbing family cemetery is well preserved. It is the best preserved, the largest, the highest level and the most artistic one in China so far. A large number of exquisite stone carvings and precious cultural relics found in the tombs can be regarded as the quintessence of the cultural relics of the 13th century. It is of great research value to study the architecture, art, music and history of the Southern Song Dynasty and to understand the politics, economy, military and culture of Sichuan in the Southern Song Dynasty. On June 25, 2001, anbing family cemetery, as an ancient tomb in the Southern Song Dynasty, was approved by the State Council to be listed in the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

geographical position

The cemetery of anbing family is located in the West foot of the middle section of Huaying mountains. It is northwest trending and belongs to the Han Dynasty

It belongs to the combination part of mountainous area and shallow hill and wide valley area. The landform of slope foot denudation residual hill and shallow cut gully is composed of four shallow hill like hills and the valley source intermountain depression in the middle. The highest point in the area is located in the ridge behind the ancient tomb area, with an elevation of 385m. The lowest point is the gully Valley in the middle, about 295m, with a relative elevation difference of 90m. The southeast of the cemetery area is 1198 meters above sea level, the lowest point is 451 meters, and the relative height difference is 747 meters,. In the northwest of the cemetery, there are shallow hills, valleys and flat dams; the shallow hills are the transition geography from low mountains to flat dams, and there are many steamed bread like or banded hills, with a slope of about 20 degrees, short and narrow branch gullies, and a small proportion of the gradient of the main gullies. In general, the landform of the mausoleum area is developed in a ladder shape, from top to bottom, magnificent, precipitous and straight.

Layout structure

The early Huaying mountains were sparsely populated virgin forest areas with rich forest resources. The vegetation was mainly evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen deciduous forest, broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, with beautiful natural scenery. To the east of the mausoleum is the famous Baiyan of Huaying Mountain, which is the site of "Puxian cave" in Huaying Mountain records. It is also named Huaying Mountain because of its white and crystal clear rocks. According to Wu Shangren, the magistrate of Yuechi County in the Qing Dynasty, in the preface to Huxi's poetry manuscript, "Huayin is the highest in the world, with steep Qi in poetry; Huayin is the most secluded, with elegant Qi in poetry; Huayin is the coldest, with clear Qi in poetry; Huayin is the most dangerous, with strange Qi in poetry"; Huayin mountain Fu of the Qing Dynasty also said: "Shanxi and Shu are the most strange places in the world, while Qingcheng and Emei are the only places in Huayin."

From the perspective of the cemetery area and surrounding geographical environment, anbing family tomb is located on the protruding platform of three cliffs on the mountainside of ruran mountain. It is adjacent to Baiyan in the East, Tuanbao mountain in the south, fengtuliangzi in the north, open land in the west, and a stream running south from North to west. The blue sky, white clouds, forests and peculiar landforms form a unique geographical environment of anbing family cemetery.

archaeological investigation

According to the excavation of anbing family cemetery and the archaeological investigation in the mausoleum area, the architecture and sacrificial remains in the whole mausoleum area are far more than the examples in the local chronicles. According to the literature records, the tombs of anbing family cemetery are divided into two phases.

Tomb No. 1 is Mrs. Li's Tomb of anbing, and tomb No. 2 is anbing's tomb. The two tombs are of the same system, both of which are single room and three-way wooden structures, with a construction area of more than 40 square meters. The identity of the owners of tombs No. 3, 4 and 5 is unknown, which can be proved to be related to anbing's relatives from the burial style and unearthed cultural relics. The scale of the three tombs is basically the same, with a construction area of about 25 to 30 square meters. It is worth mentioning that there are exquisite stone carvings in the chamber of anbing family's tombs, covering religion, architecture, music, folk customs and many other subjects. The stone carving techniques include wire carving, round carving, high relief, low relief and so on.

Tomb form

Xiangtang: it is located in front of tomb No.1 and tomb No.2. It was discovered during archaeological excavation and remains. It has three rooms in width, one room in width and one room in depth, about 2m. At present, there are 8 square plinths with square holes in the center of the plinth for the convenience of column. Based on the analysis of the plinth, ditch and plain tiles scattered around the hall, the hall should be a wooden building.

Altar: located in the east of Xiangtang, 3 groups. It is composed of stone sacrificial table, stone incense stove and stone tablet. According to the geographical conditions, the sacrificial platform is built with stones and divided into three mesas: upper, middle and lower. It is paved with slate, about 35 meters wide and about 5 meters deep.

Diamond wall: about 80 meters wide, about 50 cm thick (no test of height), located in front of 5 tombs.

Tomb parapet: the back wall is about 10 meters away from the tomb, about 2 to 8 meters away from the tomb, with double eaves on the four corners, and a square wooden stone que Pavilion, about 2.5 meters high.

Shinto: it is located on the axis of Xiangtang in front of tombs 1 and 2. From top to bottom, it is about 80 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, with a drop height of more than 20 meters. There are stone man, stone beast, etc. wengzhong on the left and right of Shinto, about 2 meters high.

Stone sculpture

Shimaping: located under the Shinto, it is 5 to 12 meters wide and about 40 meters deep. It is paved with slate. There are stone round sculptures such as stone man and stone beast on the left and right. It is similar to the Shinto Weng Zhong in height.

Jiucengkan: it is located between the tomb chamber and shimaping, around the front of the tomb area. It is built in a ladder shape according to the situation, with the height of 1.5 to 5 meters and the width of 120 to 150 meters. The irregular stone strips are built by one smooth and one small method, and the gaps between the stone strips are cast with molten iron.

Jiulong bridge: it is located under shimaping with a height difference of about 2.5m. There is the Jiulong pool, which was excavated by hand. Three stone bridges with three holes in east-west direction were built on the pool, but they were buried in recent years due to the construction of local cemeteries.

Zhaoxun Temple: located on the southeast platform of shimaping. It is a three entry front and rear courtyard, with single eaves and hill roof, crossing and folding beam mixed beam frame, and green glazed tube tile roof, covering an area of about 2500 square meters. In 1225 (the first year of Baoqing in the Southern Song Dynasty), Emperor LiZong of the Song dynasty built it. Now the temple has been destroyed and the site still exists.

Zhaoxun Temple Square: built at the same time as zhaoxun temple, it is located 30 meters in front of zhaoxun temple. The stone square has been destroyed, and the site still exists. It can be seen from the ruins that it is made of stone with three bays, and there are still drums and stone lions to study.

Stone road into the temple: built at the same time as zhaoxun temple. Slate paving, nearly meters wide, about Huali long, to the northwest Pingba. The road surface is basically preserved, and there are banyan trees and other landscape plants on the roadside.

Shanmenfang: it is located at the entrance and exit. The original object has been destroyed, and the remains still exist. It was built at the same time as zhaoxun temple.

Major relics

Five tombs have been excavated in anbing family cemetery, and a large number of ancillary building sites such as Xiangtang, jiucengkan, shimaping and zhaoxun temple have been found. A large number of exquisite high relief stone carvings and color murals were found in the tomb, with fine techniques, smooth lines, vivid and lifelike images. The stone carvings cover a wide range of people, animals, plants, buildings, animals, weapons, musical instruments, etc. The tomb unearthed many cultural relics, including gold, silver, copper coins, gold, silver, copper, jade, pottery and other objects of different texture, as well as a large number of tricolor figurines.

An epitaph with more than 5000 characters is unearthed in anbing's tomb, which records anbing's life story in detail. In the ground building site of the cemetery, there are column foundations, ditches, wengzhong, stone statues, stairs, sculptures, etc.

Address: zhaoxun village, Shuanghe Town, Huaying City, Guang'an City

Longitude: 106.79025268555

Latitude: 30.374631881714

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : An Bing Jia Zu Mu Di