Tang Jianling

Jianling

synonym

Jianling in Tang Dynasty generally refers to Jianling

Jianling is the joint Tomb of Tang Yizong Li Ying and Huikang queen Wang. It is located on Zijin Mountain (also known as Hutou mountain) in Changchun Township, 30 km northwest of Fuping County. Yizong's tomb is just under the main peak, with an altitude of 889 meters. Wuyin died in July of the fourteenth year of Xiantong (873), and was buried in Jianling in February of the first year of Qianfu (874). Temple Title: Yizong, posthumous title: Emperor gongxiao. On August 6, 1956, the people's Government of Shaanxi Province announced that it was the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province.

Profile of characters

Li Ying (833-873 A.D.), the eldest son of Xuanzong, and his mother, empress Chao. He was first granted the title of King Yun. In August of the 13th year of Dazhong (859), he was supported as emperor by eunuchs. He was 21 years old and reigned for 15 years (860-874 A.D.). Dead, buried in the tomb. The year is Xiantong.

Although Li was the eldest son of Xuanzong, Xuanzong didn't like him. At first, the prince of Xuanzong was Li Zi, the third son of Kui. He asked neishu Mi envoy Wang Guichang and Ma Gongru, and xuanhui Nanyuan envoy Wang Jufang to help him ascend the throne. However, the eunuch Wang Zongshi, the second lieutenant of Zuo Shence's guard army, launched a coup to kill Li Zi and make him emperor. The ministers had no choice but to admit the established facts. At this time, the political decline and economic depression of the Tang Dynasty. Yizong spent all his time in pursuit of pleasure, lazy in politics, worshipping Buddhism and singing scriptures himself. He also welcomed the Buddha bone, and the devout men and women were all welcomed with colorful decorations. The sound of reciting Buddhist Scriptures was earth shaking. During the period of his reign, wars and chaos occurred in Yunnan and Guizhou for many years. After several years of suppression, the national strength was exhausted. In July of the fourteenth year of Xiantong (873), Yizong, 41, died of immorality and was buried in Jianling.

Introduction to Mausoleum

The Jianling mausoleum is located on the mountain, and the East and West shenmenwaique sites are built on the mountain, with the elevation of 814 and 883 meters respectively; the shimaling mountain where the North shenmenwaique site is located is relatively flat and open, with the elevation of more than 1000 meters. The straight-line distance between the North-South gate and the East-West gate is about 2100 meters.

The gate lion shape of Jianling is the same as that of zhuangling. The stone lions on the west side of the south gate are 140 cm tall and 120 cm wide.

Shinto stone carvings now have two winged horses, two stone horses and two stone men.

Yima is located 90 meters north of rutaique site and 90 meters east-west. The West Wing horse has a prominent one horned head, while the East Wing horse has a tiny one horned head. The shape is the same as Zhenling. (now in front of Shaanxi History Museum)

The first battle horse in the south is 45 meters north of the wing horse, and the second battle horse is 20 meters north of the first battle horse. The shape is the same as Zhenling.

The first stone man in the south is 21.8 meters north of zhanma, and the second stone man is 45 meters north of the first stone man. The shape is the same as Zhenling.

In the South Gate of the South God, 10.5 meters south of the East que, there is a north-south row of foundation stones, a total of 5, and Shinto East column wing horse in the north-south line. There are two small stone people beside the foundation stone.

Tang Yizong

Tang Yizong was the last emperor to ascend the throne as his eldest son, and he was also the last emperor to spend his imperial career safely in Chang'an. However, during Yizong's 15 years in office, the conceited and licentious figurines of dwarfism, who did not want to make progress, trusted eunuchs and worshipped Buddha bones, did not know the danger in the face of internal troubles and did not know the difficulties in the face of external troubles, completely extinguished the light of hope that had been rekindled during Xuanzong's reign.

14 years of Dazhong

In 860, the second year of Yizong's accession to the throne, Xuanzong was buried in February and changed to Xiantong in November. It is said that the use of this year's title is due to the sentence "Haiyue yanxiantong" in a song written by Xuanzong. Yizong remembered his father and emperor when he was changed to Yuan Dynasty, but there was almost no sign of Xuanzong in his words and deeds since he came to the world. Compared with the administration of Dazhong, the administration of Xiantong is far away from that of Dazhong. The author of the new book of the Tang Dynasty said that Yizong was "succeeding with mediocrity", which is a comprehensive evaluation of him.

Indulge in pleasure

Indulging in amusement during Yizong's reign, he was much more interested in banquets, music and dancing and playing than in state affairs, and his enthusiasm for the upper court was obviously less than drinking. In the palace, Yizong had a small banquet every day and a big banquet every three days. Every month, he would hold a large banquet in the palace more than ten times. There were many kinds of treasures. In addition to drinking, he can't listen to music all day long even if he watches musicians and actors. Even when he travels around, he will take these people with him. There are as many as 500 musicians supported by Yizong palace. As long as he is happy, he will give them more rewards, which are always thousands of yuan. Tired of being in the palace, he went to the palace outside Chang'an at any time. Because he came and went indefinitely, the officials in charge of the reception in the palace had to prepare food and accommodation at any time, and music could not be lacked. Those princes who need to accompany them often have to prepare their mounts in case Yizong may ask them to go out at any time, which makes everyone miserable. According to Zizhitongjian, every time Yizong traveled, there were more than 100000 attendants inside and outside the palace, and the expenses were too large to calculate, which became a heavy burden on the national finance. As for Yizong's "feast without Festival", Zuo Shiyi, Liu Mo, as an admonishment official, advised the emperor to show his sympathy for the generals and his subjects and reduce entertainment. He didn't listen to it at all. In February of the fourth year of Xiantong (863), Yizong paid homage to all the sixteen Imperial Mausoleums from Gaozu's mausoleum to Xuanzong's mausoleum. Sima Guang said, "it's not a day to worship the Shiliu mausoleum." The mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty emperor is located on the Weibei plateau in Guanzhong. In the spring of 1986, the author took a special bus to inspect the eighteen mausoleums of the Tang Dynasty emperor in Guanzhong (some mausoleums haven't arrived yet) because of the archaeology lessons of Sui and Tang Dynasties. It took nearly two weeks. In ancient times, there was no modern means of transportation, and he had to bring many entourage and sacrificial objects. It must not be three or two days to go back and forth. Amusement, singing and dancing have become an indispensable part of Yizong's daily life. Under his exemplary role, the whole officialdom is also permeated with the atmosphere of extravagance and drunkenness. Wei Zhuang, a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, has a saying of "luxury in the Xiantong era". His chant of "Yao Chi's banquet is over and the king is in the Moon Palace" is the best description of this world.

Ren Xiang is not clear

Ren Xiang is not clear - at the beginning of Yizong's accession to the throne, he dismissed Ling HuLong and changed to Bai Minzhong. Bai Minzhong was an old minister of the former dynasty, but he was injured when he entered the court. He was sick all the time and couldn't work. He applied for resignation three times, but Yizong refused. Bai Minzhong was ill and was right in the eye. Yizong could ignore the government for an excuse. He was perfunctory in discussing political affairs with other prime ministers. His mind was not here at all. So Wang Pu, an admonitor of youbuque, said: "it has been four months since Bai Minzhong was sick in the first month. Although your majesty also talked with other prime ministers, it was not until three quarters (in ancient times, one day and one night was one hundred quarters). In this way, does your majesty have leisure to discuss world affairs with the prime minister? " This made Yizong very uncomfortable, so he demoted Wang Pu out of the court and became a county magistrate. Geishi, who was responsible for exercising the power of sealing and refuting, thought that Wang Pu was an admonitor and should not be reprimanded. He returned the order according to the system of the Tang Dynasty and did not issue it. Yizong referred the matter to the Prime Minister for reconsideration. Those prime ministers, regardless of the state system, thought that Wang Pu was not only advising the emperor, but also involving the prime minister Bai Minzhong, and even agreed to demote Wang Pu.

During Yizong's reign, he appointed 21 prime ministers: Ling Huyao, Bai Minzhong, Xiao Ye, Xia Houzi, Jiang Shen, Du Shenquan, Du Yao, Bi, Yang Shou, Cao que, Gao Yao, Xiao Nan, Xu Shang, Lu Yan, Yu Cong, Wei Baoheng, Wang Duo, Liu Ye, Zhao Yin, Xiao Fan and Cui Yanzhao. Because Yizong himself was not interested in political affairs, the prime minister's transactional power was still great, which could have played a great role. The problem is that most of the prime ministers were either mediocre or those who loved money and were unbearable. Silver pot with double ears.

For example, Du Zhen, the first Prime Minister of Xiantong, was the son of du you, the Prime Minister of Dezong Dynasty, and the son-in-law of Xianzong. He did not have practical ability. His body was a vegetarian meal, and he was nicknamed "bald horn rhinoceros". In the fifth year of Xiantong, Lu Yan, who was the Prime Minister of Xiantong, formed a clique and recruited bribes. He was extravagant and illegal. He also entrusted his political affairs to Bian Xian, a small official under his trusted subordinates. An official named Chen pansou reported to Yizong that if he copied Bian Xian's family, he could help the country's military spending for two years. Yizong denounced him, and no one dared to speak from then on. Lu Yan collaborated with Wei Baoheng, the son-in-law of later Prime Minister Ren. They "moved the world". At that time, they were called "Niu tou a pang", which means that they are "evil and formidable" like a fierce ghost. The prime ministers of Yizong Dynasty were very corrupt. The residents of Chang'an City made up a ballad with the names of Cao que, Yang Shou, Xu Shang, Lu Yan and other prime ministers, saying that no matter what happened, money would always be collected. Businessmen don't care. When will the merchants stop?

These prime ministers of Yizong Dynasty had no style of ministers, which aggravated the ruling crisis of Tang Dynasty.

At the expense of the government

Yizong didn't care about official reward, which was different from Xuanzong's cherishing official reward. When he rewarded people for their official positions and money, he often did whatever he wanted. Li Keji, the Lingguan, is good at music and temperament. He can especially turn his voice into a new voice. His voice is tortuous and the listener forgets to be tired. The butcher, a merchant in the capital, imitates him like a star, calling him "paitan". After the death of Yizong's beloved daughter, Princess Tongchang, he composed the dance of sighing for a hundred years. The words were sad, and the tears flowed from the audience, which comforted the emperor's yearning. For this reason, Yizong doted on him and named him Weiwei general. There was no precedent for the Tang Dynasty to confer the official position of Ling Guan.

Chinese PinYin : Tang Jian Ling