Sailimu Lake

Sailimu Lake

Sayram Lake: the provincial scenic spot, the fifth batch of national scenic spots, is the highest elevation, largest area and beautiful alpine lake in Xinjiang, and the last place of warm and humid air in the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, there is a saying of "the last tear in the Atlantic Ocean".

Sailimu Lake, formerly known as "Jinghai", is located in the Northern Tianshan Mountains in Bole City, Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, and close to Huocheng County, Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture. The lake is 2071 meters above sea level, 30 kilometers long from east to west, 25 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 453 square kilometers, with a water storage capacity of 21 billion cubic meters, and the lake water is clear and transparent, with a transparency of 12 meters.

There was no fish in Sailimu Lake originally. In 1998, cold water fish such as high white salmon and concave white salmon were introduced from Russia for breeding. In 2000, finished fish were caught for the first time, ending the history of no fish production in Sailimu Lake. After ten years of development, Sailimu Lake has become an important cold water fish production base in Xinjiang.

Sailimu Lake scenic area is divided into six functional areas: scenic area around the lake, grassland nomadic customs area, ecological landscape conservation area, swan and other rare bird habitat protection area, comprehensive tourism service area and original ecological environment maintenance area. Three super protected areas were identified, including the water body in the central core of Sailimu Lake, the water body habitat of Xihai Swan wetland meadow, and chagangole ice snow Ecological Exploration scenic area. On April 13, 2018, he was shortlisted for the "magic northwest 100 scenes".

geographical position

Sailimu Lake is located in the western part of Tianshan Mountains, southwest of Junggar basin. The lake area is located in 80 ° 59 ′ 35 ″～ 81 ° 22 ′ 17.5 ″ e, 44 ° 29 ′ 37.4 ″～ 44 ° 32 ′ 19 ″ n. 312 national highway passes along the lakeside, 100km away from Bole City, 150km away from Alashankou, 330km away from Kuitun city, 520km away from Urumqi, 160km away from Yining City and 86km away from Horgos port.

hydrographic features

overview

The elevation of Sailimu Lake is 2073m, the lake area is 458km2, and the lake recharge coefficient is about 3.1, which is the smallest of inland lakes in Northwest China. The maximum water depth of Sailimu Lake is 92m, the average water depth is 46.4m, and the water storage capacity is about 2.1 × 1010m3. The lake area is surrounded by mountains and glaciers, forming a closed Alpine basin water system. The average annual precipitation of the lake is about 450 mm, mostly from April to August.

Mineralization degree

The average salinity of the whole lake is 2853mg / L, and the total hardness is 1438mg / L. it belongs to medium and high salinity water, but it is far from the adjacent Ebinur Lake. There are obvious differences in the plane distribution of salinity. It is 2768 mg / L in the northwest, 3071 mg / L in the center and 3109 mg / L in the southeast of the lake. The mineralization degree in the northwest is lower than that in the southeast. The main reasons for this special distribution are as follows: the water area in the northwest of the lake is close to chagangole, the largest river channel in the west of the lake, and the low mineralized alpine snow water is diluted into the lake area. Since 2010, due to the influence of warm and humid climate, the amount of water entering the lake has increased, and the salinity and main ions have a decreasing trend (except HCO ⁻ 3). The increase of carbonate content indicates that the lake is in a reverse evolution stage.

Hydrochemical types

The main ions in the lake water are sulfate and magnesium, accounting for 38.8% and 12.7% of the total ions respectively. The order of the ions is so 2 Ψ⁻͆hco ⁻3, CL Co Ψ⁻3, Mg 2 ＋ Na ＋ K ＋ Ca 2 ＋. According to O.A. alegin, it is classified as type II of magnesium sulfate group, namely SMG II. There is no difference in the plane distribution of water type, which belongs to magnesium sulfate group II.

PH value

The average pH value of the lake water is 9.0, which belongs to alkaline lake. The pH plane distribution is relatively uniform, and generally changes between 8.9 and 9.2, with little change.

Organic matter and nutrient elements

dissolved oxygen

Dissolved oxygen (do) is an important index to reflect the content of organic matter and the self purification ability of lake water. Dissolved oxygen in the lake water is rich, with an average of 8.9mg/l. The results show that the horizontal distribution in the northwest is slightly larger than that in the southeast, which is due to the dense water plants in the northwest. The photosynthesis of plants makes the oxygen content in the lake water increase to 9.2mg/l, 8.8mg/l in the center of the lake, and 8.6mg/l in the southeast due to tourism development and artificial fish culture.

The absolute content of dissolved oxygen in this lake is higher than that in Ebinur Lake, which is mainly related to altitude, water temperature and oxygen partial pressure on the lake surface.

Chemical oxygen demand

The amount of organic matter in lake water is usually expressed by chemical oxygen demand (CODcr). There are differences in the horizontal distribution of chemical oxygen demand in the lake body, the lowest in the lake center, and the content in the East and south is nearly twice as high as that in the West and North.

Total nitrogen and total phosphorus

Total nitrogen includes organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen (NH ₃ - N, no Ψ - N and no ₃ - n). Inorganic nitrogen accounts for 57.5% of the total nitrogen, and organic nitrogen accounts for 42.5%. The main form of inorganic nitrogen in lake water is ammonia nitrogen, followed by nitrate nitrogen, and the content of nitrite nitrogen is the lowest. Compared with the 1990s, the total nitrogen content increased, but the total phosphorus content decreased.

The horizontal distribution of TN and TP was consistent, i.e. higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest. The contents of TN and TP were 0.44mg/l and 0.022mg/l in the southeast part of the lake, and 0.39mg/l and 0.019mg/l in the northwest part of the lake. This is related to the flourishing of aquatic plants and artificial food. The aquatic plants in the West and North absorbed nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients during their growth. In the southeastern part of the lake, there are less aquatic plants and more artificial food, so the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus are relatively high. In addition, ammonia and phosphorus are the limiting factors for the growth and reproduction of algae. Generally speaking, the ratio of algae growth to n ∶ P should be in the range of 10 ∶ 1 ~ 15 ∶ 1. When n ∶ p15, it indicates that algae growth is limited by phosphorus and the supply of nitrogen is sufficient; when n ∶ P < 10, it indicates that algae growth is limited by nitrogen and the supply of phosphorus is sufficient. The ratio of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in Sailimu Lake was n ∶ P = 20, which indicated that the growth of algae in Sailimu Lake was limited by phosphorus.

Formation and evolution

According to the data of "the mystery of Sailimu Lake" and "arid area geography" published by China Geographic magazine and China Central Television, Sailimu Lake is located in the valley of Ili Basin, which is an Intermountain basin in Tianshan orogenic belt. Its directly adjacent north-south tectonic units are the collision orogenic belt of early and middle Paleozoic between the central and South Tianshan plates of hark Nalati (hereinafter referred to as hark Nalati) The early and Middle Paleozoic Keguqin bolotnu orogenic belt (Kebo belt) and Keguqin bolotnu orogenic belt belong to Yili zhongtianshan micro block in Tianshan orogenic belt. Based on the existing research data, the tectonic evolution of Sailimu Lake area can be divided into three stages

1. The process of amalgamation of many ancient blocks in pre Sinian. By the end of the Sinian, a unified craton block was formed in the main body of the craton block, which generally accepted the unified cover deposits represented by the Sinian moraine and the Early Cambrian phosphorus bearing rock series.

2. The early and Middle Paleozoic evolution of Xinjiang plate is the process of disintegration and re amalgamation. From the Middle Cambrian to the end of the Late Carboniferous, all the complex and diverse continental plates were separated and subducted. Finally, the present basic tectonic framework of Xinjiang was formed, and the early and Middle Paleozoic tectonic evolution stage of multi plate and continental separation and amalgamation was ended, and the same intraplate, i.e., intracontinental tectonic evolution was entered The stage of industrialization.

3. Late Paleozoic to present stage of Xinjiang intracontinental tectonic evolution. At the end of Carboniferous and the beginning of Permian, the rudiment of Eurasian plate has been formed, and Xinjiang has become a part of this global giant plate. However, in the south of Xinjiang, there are two stages: the closure of ancient Tethys ocean, the opening and final closure of new Tethys and the formation of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, which finally contributed to the tectonic subsidence Lake Sailimu Lake.

Lake water system

Lake water revenue

The water source of Sailimu Lake mainly comes from atmospheric precipitation and mountain slope runoff around the lake. The annual precipitation around the lake area is more than 500 mm.

Lake water expenditure

The main water expenditure of Sailimu Lake is evaporation and a small amount of leakage.

natural resources

Zooplankton

According to the report of China Geography in 2008, there are 19 species of plankton in Sailimu Lake, including 6 species of protozoa (36.1%), 8 species and genera of rotifer (41.2%), 3 species and genera of Cladocera (15.8%) and 2 species and genera of Copepoda (10.5%). Among them, protozoa mainly include Grand Theft beetle, bell shaped beetle, naked mouth beetle, rotifer species of rotifer, such as rotifer with giant wrist and rotifer with narrow angle; the common species of Cladocera is pseudoflea tibetana; the common species of Copepoda is Daphnia. The survival of zooplankton in lake water provides necessary conditions for fish culture.

fish

There was no fish in Sailimu Lake, 1998

Chinese PinYin : Sai Li Mu Hu