Poyang Lake National Wetland Park

Jiangxi East Poyang Lake National Wetland Park

synonym

Poyang Lake National Wetland Park generally refers to the Poyang Lake National Wetland Park in the West and east of the Yangtze River

Jiangxi East Poyang Lake National Wetland Park is a compound Wetland Park of pure natural ecology, which is rich in wetland resources, many types and highly representative, with lakes, rivers, Caozhou, mudflats, islands, floodplains, ponds and other wetlands as the main landscape. It is one of the six largest wetlands in the world, the largest wetland area in Asia, the most abundant wetland species National Wetland Park, the national 4A scenic spot, and the science popularization education base in China.

The park is located in Poyang County, Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, on the East Bank of Poyang Lake, the core area of Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, and the center of Lushan Mountain, China's porcelain capital Jingdezhen, Taoist Holy Land Longhu Mountain, world natural heritage Sanqing mountain and China's most beautiful village Wuyuan. The geographical coordinates are: east longitude 116 ° 23 ′ 39 ″ - 116 ° 44 ′ 38 ″, north latitude 28 ° 56 ′ 52 ″ - 29 ° 13 ′ 31 ″.

The total area of the park is 36285.0 hectares, including 35116.1 hectares of wetland, accounting for 96.8% of the total land area. In 2008, it was approved as a national wetland park

. In 2011, it won the title of advanced tourist attractions and top ten new tourist attractions in Jiangxi Province

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Distribution range

The southwest of Jiangxi East Poyang Lake National Wetland Park is the county boundary of Poyang County. From the junction of Poyang, Yugan and the three counties to the South (along the county boundary) the road between Siwang lake and Changjiang River (along the road) from Siwang lake and Beikou Lake embankment (along the embankment to qingzhouwan (along the South Bank of Yunhu lake and Beikou Lake waterway to Jiaoshan) to the junction with Le'an River (along the road) From the East Bank of an river to the confluence of Le'an River and Changjiang River, to the north, it comes into the East Lake, diezi lake, Datang lake and the section from hujiachang to xiafeng Bank (from hujiachang to Shangtu Lake (from nashangtu lake and Qingshan Lake to Zhuhu Lake) from Nazhu lake and Baishazhou Island to Yaocha Village (from Poyang Lake to ZhangTian River) The river extends westward to the county boundary (along the county boundary to Wushan (along the edge of the permanent water body to the South) Changshan Island, Xiashan Island (along the East Bank of the island to the South) County boundary (along the county boundary to Poyang, Yugan and the junction of the three counties. In addition, it also includes a 1.8 km long and 1 km wide plot between Qingshan Lake and Zhuhu lake

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Wetland structure

The calculation of wetland area of Jiangxi East Poyang Lake National Wetland Park is based on the current situation of Poyang Lake under normal water level. The total land area is 35116.1 hectares, accounting for 96.8% of the total land area. Among them, the natural wetland area is 34126.0 hectares, accounting for 97.2% and 94.0% of the total wetland area and land area, and the constructed wetland area is 990.1 hectares, accounting for 2.8% and 2.8% of the total wetland area and land area. Among the natural wetlands, the areas of lakes, rivers, Caozhou, mudflats, islands and inundation areas are 12920.9 ha, 1125.8 ha, 4312.2 ha, 13624.5 ha, 276.0 HA and 1866.6 ha, accounting for 36.8%, 3.2%, 12.3%, 38.8%, 0.8% and 5.3% of the total wetland area, respectively. Among the constructed wetlands, the area of pond wetland and irrigation land are 275.9 HA and 714.2 ha respectively, accounting for 0.8% and 2.0% of the total wetland area, respectively

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Geographical structure

Geology and geomorphology

The park is located in the northeast of the DIWA system in the southeast DIWA area. The geosynclinal stage began in Proterozoic. The geosyncline was closed as a platform in the late Sinian. From Silurian to Lower Devonian, a nne-ssw trending folded mountain range was formed. From Carboniferous to Permian, the crust declined. The Hercynian movement occurred in the Late Permian and Early Triassic. In the Middle Triassic, the South and middle part of the basin subsided, forming coal bearing sand shale formation. At the end of Jurassic, Yanshanian movement occurred, accompanied by intense igneous rock activity. From the beginning of Cretaceous, the crustal activity became more intense, and the southwest declined rapidly. At the end of the Yanshan movement, the crust rose rapidly again. In the Quaternary, the crustal activity was mainly up and down, and the alluvial and silting layers accumulated by lakeside and tributaries were different. The strata of each period are exposed except for the ancient part.

The park is mainly composed of low mountains, hills and plains. The southwest corner is the lowest in Poyang Lake Basin. According to the elevation and genesis, the landforms of the park can be divided into three types: the elevation of tectonic denuded low mountains and hills ranges from 100 to 200 meters, with the highest peak at 124.8 meters above sea level; the elevation of eroded ridge and hillock ranges from 50 to 100 meters, with metamorphic rock, sedimentary rock and red sandstone at the rock bottom; and the elevation of accumulation plain is below 50 meters, including Valley alluvial plain and delta plain And silting plain

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Earthy soil

soil texture

The park belongs to the Poyang Lake Basin and is the Quaternary sedimentary center of Jiangxi Province. It is mainly composed of fluvial and lacustrine sediments. The general trend of sediment grain size is from coarse to fine from bottom to top. The general variation of thickness is that the valley increases to the lake area, the thickness is about 30-40 meters, and it can reach 76 meters in the delta front. The area is basically a delta plain, mainly distributed in relatively uniform soil.

Soil types and distribution

There are five soil types in the park: red soil (brown red soil), paddy soil, yellow cinnamon soil, alluvial soil and tidal soil (wet tidal soil). Their distribution is related to elevation and micro topography. They are mosaic distribution based on zonal differentiation from the lake bank to the lake center

 

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Hydrological climate

Hydrological system

The water system in the park is developed, and the larger rivers and lakes are as follows:

Raohe: the general name of Le'an River and Changjiang River, one of the five major rivers in Jiangxi Province. The drainage area is 15428 square kilometers.

Changjiang River: the main tributary of Raohe River, located in the south of Wetland Park. The drainage area is 6220 square kilometers. The main river is 276 km long. Among them, the drainage area of Poyang County is 963 square kilometers, and the river course is 52 kilometers long.

Poyang Lake: it is the confluence of Ganjiang River, Fuhe River, Xinjiang River, Raohe River and Poyang Lake into the Yangtze River and the centripetal water system center of Jiangxi Province. Poyang County is located on the shore of Poyang Lake, with a coastline of more than 100 kilometers. The northeast of the lake is about 313 square kilometers of water within the county.

Pearl Lake: located in the middle of Poyang, the eastern edge of Poyang Lake. There are many branches in the lake, including the so-called "48 big branches" and "84 small branches". The lake covers an area of 62000 mu, with a general depth of 4 meters and a maximum depth of more than 10 meters.

The annual maximum water level of the upper and middle reaches of each river mostly appears from May to June, while the lower reaches of each river are influenced by the support of Poyang Lake, and the annual maximum water level mostly appears from July to August. The lowest annual water level occurs in December or January of the next year. The annual variation of water level is generally 6-8m

 

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Climatic characteristics

The park is located in the subtropical region with mild climate, abundant rainfall, four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine and long frost free period.

(1) Temperature: the average annual temperature is between 16.9 ℃ and 17.7 ℃. The highest temperature is in July, with an average temperature of 29.6 ℃ and an extreme maximum temperature of 39.7 ℃; the lowest temperature is in January, with an average temperature of 5.0 ℃ and an extreme minimum temperature of - 13.3 ℃.

(2) Rizhao: Wetland Park is an area rich in light resources. The annual average sunshine hours are more than 2000 hours, and the average sunshine percentage is more than 40%. The month with the most sunshine is from July to August, and the month with the least sunshine is from February to March. The annual average solar radiation is 115.6 kcal / cm2.

(3) Wind: in winter, affected by the continental high pressure, the surface wind is mostly northerly. In summer, it is controlled by subtropical high, occasionally affected by typhoon, and the surface wind is southerly. Spring and autumn is a transitional season, northerly wind and southerly wind can be seen each other, but northeast wind is the main wind, and northwest wind can be seen from time to time. The average wind speed is 3.0 m / s, the maximum wind speed is 30 m / s, and the monthly wind speed is 2.5-3.7 M / s. The annual average gale days is 9.7 days.

(4) Rainfall: the rainfall is affected by monsoon climate, which is more in summer than in winter. The average annual rainfall is 1600 mm. The precipitation varies greatly from year to year and from season to season. The average annual precipitation days are 140.9 days.

(5) Frost: there are early frost and late frost. The frost from October to November is early frost, and the frost in March and April is late frost. The average frost free period is 274.5 days

 

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Biological resources

Wetland plants

The wetland vegetation in the park is characterized by rich plant species, complex and diverse geographical elements, and wide spread plants. According to incomplete statistics, there are 141 species of vascular wetland plants, belonging to 43 families and 99 genera. Among them, there are 5 species belonging to 5 genera and 4 families of pteridophytes, 2 species belonging to 2 genera and 1 family of gymnosperms, 134 species belonging to 92 genera and 38 families of angiosperms, with Compositae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae as the dominant families. The wetland plants in the Wetland Park accounted for 41.18%, 34.74% and 23.23% of the total families, genera and species of wetland vascular plants in Jiangxi Province. In 141 kinds of wet

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