Erguna River

Erguna river is the upper reaches of Heilongjiang. It flows into Hulun Lake and then flows out. The Mongol Empire and the Northern Yuan Dynasty were the inland rivers of China. In 1689, the Treaty of nebuchu between China and Russia was signed, which became the boundary between China and Russia. The main tributary is Hailar River. Hailaer River as the upper source, with a total length of 1666 km.

The topography of the upper and lower reaches of the Erguna river is very different. From abagaidui to heihantou, it is a grassland and hilly area with flat terrain, open valley, many lakes and swamps, scattered water flow, weeds and willows. From the right bank of the Root River, Derbugan River, Hauer River inflow after the water increased. The river valley becomes narrower, there are more sandbanks and islands in the river, and the river becomes deeper. From below jilarin, the river enters into the gorge, the valley is narrower, the mountains on both sides are steep, the riverbed is stable, the flow is stable, the river is 200-300 meters wide, the water depth is more than 2.5 meters, it can be navigable, it is a good channel, and the water energy resources are rich.

Erguna River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Erguna river is the source of Heilongjiang Province and the boundary river between China and Russia. It is located in Hulunbuir city in the northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is called Wangjian River in the old book of Tang Dynasty, Erguna River in the secret history of Mongolia, yiliguna River in the history of Yuan Dynasty, alunalian River in the history of Ming Dynasty, and Erguna River since Qing Dynasty.

The upper source of Erguna river is Hailar River, which originates from the west slope of jillaoqi in the Great Xing'an Mountains, flows to the west near abatu of new balhuzuoqi, and then turns to the northeast. Near enhehada of Erguna City, it joins with the shileka River (commonly known as the North source of Heilongjiang) flowing from Russia to form Heilongjiang. Erguna River, with Hailar River as its upper source, has a total length of 1666 km and 1620 km (including 622 km of Hailar River). It is 200-400 m wide and navigable in water depth, with a total drainage area of 150000 square kilometers. The main tributaries are the krulen River, the Root River, the torrent River and so on.

The Erguna river was originally an inland river in China during the period of the Mongolian Empire. At the end of the 16th century, Russia invaded the south. Emperor Kangxi, in order to fight for the control of Mongolia with Galdan of weilat, was busy signing the Sino Russian Treaty of nebuchu with Russia in 1689. He separated the land from Russia and put the west of the Erguna River into Russia, which became the boundary river between China and Russia. The right bank of the Erguna river is the virgin forest of the Great Xing'an Mountains. It is the birthplace of Mongolian and many other hunting nationalities, and the hometown of Genghis Khan.

Business card picture: Shiwei section of Erguna River, Erguna City, Inner Mongolia

General situation of main stream

The upper reaches of Erguna river is called Hailaer River, which originates from the west side of Daxinganling, flows to the foot of aqibatu mountain in the West and turns northward. Erguna River in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Erguna city near enhehada and flow through the Russian territory of the shileka River after the confluence of Heilongjiang. It is 1620 km long (including 622 km of Hailaer River). It is a mountainous river with a freezing period of 6 months. Erguna river is located in the northeast border of the Mongolian Plateau, most of which flows through the wide valley, with clear water and low sediment content. Erguna river is connected with Hulun Lake by dalan'elumu river. In high water period, the lake water flows northward into Erguna River, and in low water period, Erguna river flows back to Hulun Lake and supplies each other.

Erguna river is the main source of Heilongjiang Province, which is called "Wangjian River" in history. It is a transliteration of honkirnaur in Tungusic language (Ewenki language), meaning Ewenki river. It is called Wangjian River in the old book of Tang Dynasty, Erguna River in the secret history of Mongolia, yiliguna River in the history of Yuan Dynasty, alunalian River in the history of Ming Dynasty, and Erguna River since Qing Dynasty. Located in Hulunbuir, northeast of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, it is the boundary river between China and Russia. Some people use modern Mongolian to explain Erguna as "hand over things".

The Erguna river was originally an inland river in China during the period of the Mongolian Empire. At the end of the 16th century, when Russia invaded the south, Emperor Kangxi, in order to fight for the control of the Mongolian area with Galdan of weilat, signed the Sino Russian Treaty of nebuchu (equality Treaty) with Russia in 1689, which assigned the west of the Erguna River to Russia. Until now, it has basically become the boundary river between China and Russia. The total length of Erguna river is 970 km, with a total drainage area of 150000 square kilometers, equivalent to the size of four Taiwan. On the right bank of the Erguna river is a mountain forest, which is also the hometown of Genghis Khan. Around the middle of the 6th century, the ancestors of Tiemuzhen, Qiyan and Bailu, set out from Erguna and moved south to buerhanhaledun, the source of the Nen River, the krulun River and the Tula river. In 1206, Tiemuzhen established "Yihe manghuoleurus" (greater Mongolia) on the Bank of the Nen River, led the Mongolian cavalry to fight south and North, and gradually established a real world Mongolian empire across Eurasia. Before Genghis Khan founded Mongolia, the Erguna River region was the nomadic land of his mother's clan Hongjila tribe. In the middle of the 13th century, it was granted to timuzhen Genghis Khan's eldest brother hasar. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Erguna banner was established. Later, it was divided into Erguna Left Banner and Erguna Right Banner. Erguna city was established on the basis of Erguna Right Banner.

Main tributaries

The Klulun river originates from the eastern foot of Kent in the Republic of Mongolia. It enters China from west to east near the zuoshinule temple, and flows eastward to Hulun Lake through ardun chulu Sumu and alatanermole towns. It is 1264 km long and 206.44 km long in China. The two banks of the krulun River are surrounded by semi desert hills and hills. The valley is about 3000-5000 meters wide, and the river surface is generally 40-90 meters wide. The river channel is relatively curved, and there are many beaches, wetlands and swamps. Because the basin is mostly semi desert terrain, the surface runoff is not developed, so there are few tributaries. The water depth is about 2 meters, with the largest flow in summer and autumn. There are marshes and wetlands on both sides of the river, with good water and grass conditions. It is an excellent natural pasture. In history, the Klulun river was once called gonglushui River, Luqu River, Yinma River and qilulian river. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been called the Klulun river.

"Krulun" is translated as "Guangrun" in Mongolian, which means "carry forward" and name the river.

The Genhe river originates from the south of the west slope of the north section of the Great Xing'an Mountains to the west of yijiqi. It is 122 ° 37 ′ E and 51 ° 16 ′ n, with an altitude of 1241 meters. The length of the river is 427.9 km (462 km), the drainage area is 15796 square km, and the average gradient of the river is 0.73 / ‰. From northeast to southwest, it flows through Genhe City, Erguna city and chenbalhu banner, and joins Erguna River 12 km north of Sika. The main tributaries are Tuli River, yituli River, Yigen River, etc.

Derbugan River, also known as derbuir River and derbuir River, originates from the west slope of the north section of Daxinganling. The river is 298 km long and has a drainage area of 6816 square kilometers. It joins with the haur river near the mouth of the Erguna estuary and then flows into the Erguna River in the south of xiaohezi village, heisantou town. The main tributaries are jilbugan River, etc.

The torrent River, formerly known as the belts River, originates near Sanwang mountain, northwest of the Great Xing'an Mountains. It is 122 ° 43 ′ E and 51 ° 50 ′ n, with an altitude of 1163 meters. The length of the river is 467.9 km, the drainage area is 15845 km2, and the average gradient of the river is 0.97%. The main tributaries are Niuer River, Jinhe River, wulujiqi River, Aoluguya River, etc.

natural resources

The topography of the upper and lower reaches of the Erguna river is very different. From abagaidui to heihantou, it is a grassland and hilly area with flat terrain, open valley, many lakes and swamps, scattered water flow, weeds and willows.

From the right bank of the Root River, Derbugan River, Hauer River inflow after the water increased. The river valley becomes narrower, there are more sandbanks and islands in the river, and the river becomes deeper.

From below jilarin, the river enters into the gorge, the valley is narrower, the mountains on both sides are steep, the riverbed is stable, the flow is stable, the river is 200-300 meters wide, the water depth is more than 2.5 meters, it can be navigable, it is a good channel, and the water energy resources are rich.

The area along the Erguna river has fertile land, dense forests, abundant water and grass, many fish species and rich animal and plant resources. It is suitable for agriculture and animal husbandry and is an ideal paradise for human beings.

The good natural environment here has nurtured many ancient ethnic minorities. The ancient Mongolian tribes used to roam, fish and hunt here, and are very proud of this beautiful home.

Later, Genghis Khan enfeoffed his younger brother Hezhuo - hasar here. Up to now, there are traces of his palace on the black mountain.

The total length of Erguna river is 970 km. Compared with other big mother rivers in the world, she is still a "small" mother. Her total drainage area is 150000 square kilometers, equivalent to the size of four Taiwan.

Along the way, there are more than 1800 rivers, such as Hailaer River and Genhe river. With so many rivers, can the grassland be good? Its water system also includes Hulun Lake, halaha River, Wuerxun River and Kelulun River (most of them belong to Mongolia today, and the lower reaches flow into Hulun Lake), etc.

tourist resources

Out of Erguna, all the way north, about 30 kilometers away on the sunny hillside, a yurt

Chinese PinYin : E Er Gu Na He