Guanyin Temple

Guanyin Temple

Guanyin temple is located in Baoqiao village, Yongshang Town, about 7.5 kilometers south of the urban area. It faces qiongshui River, carries mountains, green pines and cypresses, and is surrounded by clear water. The mountain is like a nine peak arch guard and looks like a lotus. Therefore, it is called "Lianhua jiecui".

Guanyin temple, announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Sichuan Province on August 16, 1956. The temple is famous for its stunning murals of the Ming Dynasty.

Historical origin

Guanyin temple is located in Baoqiao village, Yongshang Town, about 7.5km south of Xinjin City, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province. Facing qiongshui, it is surrounded by mountains, green pines and cypresses, and clear water. The mountains are like nine peaks and the shape is like lotus. Therefore, it is called "Lianhua jiecui".

At present, there are Fangming memorial archway, Shanmen, Maitreya hall, monument to Zhang Shangying's hometown, and Jieyin, Pilu and Guanyin halls in Guanyin temple. The well preserved murals of twelve yuan Jue drawn in Ming Dynasty in Guanyin temple have smooth lines, well proportioned, plump and delicate figures, and dignified demeanor, which are comparable to the murals of Fahai Temple in Beijing and Yongle Palace in Shanxi. Among them, qingjinghui Bodhisattva is the most exquisite. She is wearing a gauze as thin as a cicada's wing. Through the gauze, you can see the richness of her skin and the beauty of her clothes. Experts call her the "Oriental Mona Lisa" 36 years earlier than Da Vinci's masterpiece.

The 1988 edition of complete works of Chinese art was selected into four murals of Guanyin temple. The Ming Dynasty statues in Guanyin hall were completed in the 18th year of Chenghua of Ming Dynasty. They are vivid and accurate. Among them, the large-scale wall sculpture "piaohai Guanyin" is the most exquisite, which is praised as "Oriental Venus" by the famous aesthetician Wang Chaowen.

Cultural relics protection

On August 16, 1956, it was announced as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Sichuan Province. On June 25, 2001, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The ancient name of Guanyin temple, pinggaizhi (one of the 24 dioceses of Zhang Daoling), was built in 1181 by Cui Xiaotong, an immortal of Wu capital at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was destroyed in the war of the Yuan Dynasty, and was built in 1398-1435 By the third year of Hongzhi's reign (1490), the temple was rebuilt and completed. It was destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, and renovated during the reign of Kangxi, Qianlong and Daoguang. It is a famous temple in Western Sichuan. During the reign of Tongzhi and Guangxu, monk daosong came here to live in tin and built ten more temples, which was changed into "ten square jungle".

Related allusions

After the cultural revolution, there are only the mountain gate, Maitreya hall and reception hall in Qing Dynasty, Pilu hall and Guanyin hall in Ming Dynasty. Across the temple gate, there is Maitreya hall. There is a stele Pavilion on the right side behind the temple. There is a stele inside the pavilion. On the front is "hometown of Zhang Shangying, song Shaobao", and on the back is a brief introduction of Zhang Shangying's life.

Zhang Shangying (1043-1121) was born in Xinjin, Shuzhou in Song Dynasty. At the beginning of Chongning, he was a scholar of the Imperial Academy. He worshipped Shu Youcheng and turned to zuocheng. Then he went to Bozhou and became a member of Yuanyou party. In 1110, in addition to zizhengdian bachelor, zhongtaiyigong emissary, in addition to Zhongshu Shilang, worshipping Shangshu right servant shot. Seventy nine years old, died, presented Shaobao, posthumous title "Wenzhong". Zhang Shangying believed in Buddhism very much during his lifetime, and had a lot of experience in studying Huayan Sutra. It is said that the location of Guanyin Temple used to be Zhang's former residence. After Zhang Shangying's death, his family gave up their residence as a temple, which led to the appearance of Guanyin temple. Upward, it was the reception hall, with three Western saints inside. After the reception hall, an ordinary looking hall is called Pilu hall. Behind Pilu hall is Guanyin hall.

In addition to the mountain gate, Maitreya hall, reception hall in the Qing Dynasty and Pilu hall and Guanyin hall in the Ming Dynasty, in recent years, Guanyin temple has also built a thousand hand Guanyin hall and jade Buddha Hall behind Guanyin hall.

Main attractions

Pilu temple, built in 1462, is dedicated to the worship of piluzana Buddha. It has a history of nearly 550 years. Piluzana Buddha is the Dharma Buddha in Buddhism. According to the Sanskrit literal translation, it means "light everywhere". There are three Buddha statues in the niche, one of which is the Dharma Buddha, that is, "piluzana Buddha". This cloud is everywhere, which means absolute truth Reason is the body of Buddha; the one on the left is the body Buddha, namely "Lushena Buddha", the cloud is bright, indicating that the wisdom of proving absolute truth and receiving Dharma music is the body of Buddha; the one on the right is the body Buddha, namely "Sakyamuni Buddha", the cloud is benevolent and silent, indicating that the body of Buddha teaches all kinds of beings according to fate.

Layout structure

The Ming Dynasty murals on the left and right walls of Pilu hall are known as the "treasure of Guanyin Temple". These murals were painted in the fourth year of Chenghua (1468) of emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty. There are 7 shops of murals in the hall, covering an area of 94 square meters. They are divided into upper, middle and lower layers. The upper layer is painted with flying Apsaras, pagodas and heavenly palace wonders. The middle layer is painted with twelve Yuanjue Bodhisattvas and twenty-four tianzuns. The lower layer is painted with niches, sacred animals and supporting figures. Among them, the most exquisite murals are twelve Yuanjue Bodhisattvas, twenty-four heavens and thirteen sacrificial statues Raise a portrait. The characters are vivid, natural and rich in connotation. They teach the religious thoughts of solemnity and solemnity in the beautiful artistic form. Twelve yuan Jue are painted on the left and right walls of the hall. On the left are Manjusri Bodhisattva, Puyan Bodhisattva, Maitreya Bodhisattva, weidezizi Bodhisattva, jingzhuyezhang Bodhisattva, Yuanjue Bodhisattva; on the right are Puxian Bodhisattva, jingjinghui Bodhisattva, discerning Bodhisattva, pujue Bodhisattva, xianshanshou Bodhisattva. The mural of twelve Yuanjue Bodhisattvas is based on the content of Yuanjue Sutra translated by Buddha Dora, an eminent monk from the western regions in the Tang Dynasty. The main characters in the mural are the twelve Yuanjue Bodhisattvas in the Sutra who seek enlightenment from the Buddha in order to let the last living beings get enlightenment and liberation.

Twelve Yuanjue Bodhisattva murals are exquisite in thinking and craftsmanship. Although the figures and proportions are completely drawn according to the requirements of the Buddhist "statue measurement Sutra", the artists vividly depict the details of each figure's clothing and facial expression, which is contrary to the common fault of traditional religious art which is rigid and stereotyped because of its serious content.

The line drawing technique of the whole mural skillfully adopts the traditional Chinese Blue Leaf drawing, iron line drawing, nail head and mouse tail drawing, etc. according to the different symbols in the religion, the online drawing technique of each Bodhisattva is quite flexible. For example, Yuanjue Bodhisattva uses blue leaf drawing to show its mellow and friendly characteristics; for another example, pujue Bodhisattva uses iron line drawing to show its mellow and friendly characteristics It highlights the characteristics of its dignified willingness.

Main features

In Guanyin temple, the snow-white gauze on the Bodhisattvas' bodies all use pearl powder to outline the gauze lines, elaborately depicting the delicate details of clothing like spider silk. It has a light, transparent and spring like texture, which is amazing. The large-scale pictures are mainly made of cinnabar and stone green, and gilded with asphalt powder. They are both dignified and rich, but also lively. They are like a school of Cao Yi and Wu Dai Dangfeng. No wonder they have become the treasures of the country, which is astonishing to the world.

The whole mural is soft in color. The figure of Bodhisattva in the mural is well proportioned, the face is round, the Phoenix eyes are low, and the cherry lips are slightly closed. It not only shows the richness and fullness of Bodhisattva, but also shows the warmth and kindness of Bodhisattva. In particular, the painting of the last "Manjusri Bodhisattva" on the left wall is particularly meticulous. Even the snowflake pattern on the gauze of Manjusri Bodhisattva is also well drawn, which shows the unique texture of silk products incisively and vividly.

Among all the images, the most extreme one is the last "pure wisdom Bodhisattva" in the second shop on the right wall. In Buddhism, the pure wisdom Bodhisattva symbolizes the profound wisdom of pure and bright. In this mural painting, the Bodhisattva holds black Ruyi in his hand, his eyes are slightly open, his feet are comfortable, his skin is stained with pearl powder, and his body is decorated with jewels. The whole picture is peaceful, auspicious and serene. In the curling wind of the dress belt and train, there is a breath of pure wisdom, which is breathtaking Experts call her the "Oriental Mona Lisa" 36 years earlier than Da Vinci's masterpiece.

On the back of the niche is a Buddhist story painting of "Xiangshan whole hall". The mural area is 94 square meters. The Bodhisattva portraits are sitting, 1.8 meters high; the 24 heavens are 1.5 meters high, and the flying sky is 90-100 cm high.

Guanyin Hall

Guanyin hall, the main hall of the Ming Dynasty for the single eaves Xieshan roof, five wide, extraordinary atmosphere, covering an area of 333 square meters. Guanyin temple is named after the Guanyin hall which was built in 1469. Three plaques from Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty are hung on the door of the hall. From left to right, they are wushangzhengjue, Ciyun Puyin and Zhengfa Zui.

Inside the hall, there are statues of Guanyin riding unicorn on the stone platform. Manjusri and Puxian Bodhisattvas sit on the lotus platform, each five meters high. These three Bodhisattvas, who were made in the 11th year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty, wear a crown and a wreath. They have a plump face, round muscles, elegant clothes and dignified manner. In the back screen, the rare flowers, auspicious grasses, birds and beasts, and the eight treasures are in brilliant colors. In the wooden niches on both sides, there are 46 Arhats with different shapes, delicate and vivid, full of a strong flavor of life, which makes people never tire of seeing and forget to return. There are 500 Arhats on the left and right walls, of which 26 are nearly two meters high, sitting on the lotus stands on both sides. The statues were created during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty. There are also three stone censers in the hall, on which the inscription "made in the second year of Zhengde of the Ming Dynasty" is engraved.

Relief art

Behind it is the famous Guanyin statue of floating sea, which is a huge deep floating statue. Known as the "Venus of the East" by the famous aesthetician Wang Chaowen, the floating sea Guanyin foot Ao fish haunts in the stormy waves, back modeling Sichuan

Chinese PinYin : Guan Yin Si