Tomb of Mr. 18

Tomb of Mr. Ming 18

synonym

The tomb of Mr. 18 is generally designated as the tomb of Mr. 18

At the foot of tianbang mountain in Anlong county, Guizhou Province, the tomb of Mr. 18 of Ming Dynasty is the place where 18 people, including Zhenyu, a minister of Yongli Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty, died. The tomb area is more than 4000 square meters, which is composed of three parts: Tomb area, ancestral hall and cliff. It gradually rises and is surrounded by four high walls. The cemetery rises step by step according to the mountain. In front of the tomb is a 4-meter-high, 6-meter-wide large stone square with four pillars and three doors. The square is engraved with eight characters: "kuilan forever", left and right "Chengren" and "Zuoyi". It is a supplement by Mr. Chen Heng'an, a famous calligrapher in Guizhou Province. The square is engraved with relief carvings of pine, plum, bamboo and orchid flowers. There is a small stone square in front of the tomb, a tree behind the big stone square, engraved with seven characters of "Tomb of Mr. 18 of Ming Dynasty", carved with Yunlong and lion on the square column and square sheet, with fine carving and vivid shape. The tomb at the back of the square is made of fine bricks and stones, with a diameter of 2 meters and a height of 2.5 meters.

brief introduction

There are 18 stone tablets on both sides of the tomb, which are engraved with poems and essays of the past dynasties. All of them are the ink of contemporary calligraphers, with different styles and high ornamental value. Pines and cypresses are planted all over the tomb area, which is solemn and solemn. Visitors here feel desolate and sad from different generations.

"Mr. 18 ancestral hall" was built behind the tomb. The terrain is slightly higher than the tomb area, and the stone steps are stacked up. Facing the mausoleum, "Xiangtang" has a 28 column stone and wood structure on the top of Xieshan mountain, and a 16 column stone and wood structure on the top of liangxiangpeidian mountain. All the halls are based on relief stone piers, equipped with rolling shed corridors, carved doors and windows, ground inlaid with fine grindstones, sloping eaves, carved beams and painted buildings.

The original memorial tablet of Mr. eighteen Li was set in the hall, and now 20 paintings of "the prison of Mr. eighteen Ming Dynasty" are hung. They are painted by Huang Tianhu, a traditional Chinese painter in Guizhou, with characters for visitors to enjoy and understand historical events.

The East and west side halls are hard hilltops, and the main hall is Xieshan. The tomb area displays the restored stele of "the place where Mr. Ming 18 became benevolent".

After enjoying the hall, there is the "Zhongquan" side. According to Jiang Zhichun's annals of Anlong, when Mr. 18 died, "the three foot boy of Anlong sighed.". It is said that at that time, the weather changed suddenly, and the wind and rain crossed. Suddenly, there was a spring gushing out at the foot of tianbang mountain. The people said that it was the God who shed tears. Therefore, the spring was called "Zhongquan". Zhong spring water is clear and sweet, trickling, flowing out from the stone, the pool water is as clear as a mirror, and there is a stone bridge across it. The stone wall at the mouth of the spring is engraved with the word "Zhongquan". The back of the spring is close to the mountain rock, under which is the "duojie Pavilion"; in the center of the stone wall behind the pavilion, there is the character "Mr. 18 chengrenchu", which was engraved by Yu yunhuan, governor of Xingyi Prefecture in 1883. On the right bank of the pavilion, there is a rectangular building with pink walls and green tiles, which looks like a boat and is called "virtual boat";

On the stone walls on both sides, there are inscriptions of Li Liejun, Juzheng, Wang Boqun, Wu Dingchang, Ren Kecheng, etc. The tomb of Mr. Ming 18 has been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Guizhou Province.

In 1916, Hong Yin, the governor of Nanlong County, repaired the tomb and built a stone square in front of the tomb for the purpose of strengthening the view. In 1937, Zhang Zengfu, the county magistrate, presented a petition for funds to repair the tomb and ancestral temple. The Central Executive Yuan and Guizhou provincial government approved the funds to repair the tomb and ancestral temple, and set April 8 of the lunar calendar as the memorial day every year. The inscriptions of Jiang Jieshi, Juzheng, Wang Boqun, Li Liejun, Wu Dingchang, Ren Kecheng, Hu Gang, and Liu Shifan are all engraved on the foothills.

In the 29th year of Daoguang (AD 1849), the magistrate Zhang rebuilt his tomb, and the stone inscriptions written in Zhang Zhidong's "Eighteen gentleman's prose" were listed on the left side of the tomb. On the right side of the trial courtyard of Xingyi mansion of Zhang Mei, the "Shiba Sir Temple" is rebuilt. The temple is open, including the ancestral gate, Jingye hall, Liufang Pavilion, Huaiqing Pavilion, Xiangtang, zhengci, duojie Pavilion, Jingxiang pool, etc., forming a group of large-scale buildings. Many of the buildings are of different shapes and exquisite workmanship, which are integrated with the buildings of the Imperial College. There are many couplets of poetry and prose in the temple, many of which are made by famous artists, such as Hong Liangji, ye you, Shu Wei, Zhao Yi and so on. On behalf of his father, Zhang Zhidong wrote the stele of ten inscriptions of the ancestral hall of Mr. Zhang. But at the same time, these things were destroyed by war.

In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883 AD), Yu yunhuan, the prefect, and he Xionghui, the commander-in-chief of Anyi town rebuilt the tomb of Mr. 18. The temple of Mr. 18 was rebuilt at the foot of the hill behind the tomb. Pavilions and ponds were built in the tomb area, and flowers and trees were planted. Yu yunhuan carved the character "where Mr. 18 became benevolent" on the stone wall behind the tomb. In 1905, Li Zuzhang, the magistrate, built a tomb and added "Xu Zhou" and "Duo Jie Ting".

After liberation, the provincial and County People's governments attached great importance to the protection of this historic site, and repeatedly allocated funds for the maintenance of ancestral temples and tombs. In 1964, the provincial government announced it as a key cultural relics protection unit, and in 1987, it allocated more than 200000 yuan in total. The ancestral temples and tombs will be fully restored and opened to the outside world.

history

1644 A.D

In 1646, Yongli Emperor Zhu Youlang, the last emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, lived in Anlong for four years. However, sunwang, the leader of the rebel army, attempted to do something wrong and killed 18 ministers, including Wu Zhenyu and Zhang Lufu. Later, Li Dingguo led his division to defeat sunwang. Yongli emperor issued an imperial edict to build temples and erect steles for the 18 ministers. At the foot of tianbang mountain in Anlong, the remains of the Southern Ming Dynasty "the tomb of Mr. 18" have been preserved so far.

In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass to strangle the regime established by Li Zicheng's uprising army. In order to restore the Ming Dynasty, four regimes were successively established by the kings of Jiang in the Ming Dynasty, which were destroyed by the Qing army. In 1646, a group of Ming Dynasty officials supported and established Zhu Youlang, king of Guangxi, which was located in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province. In the next year, it was changed to Yongli. After the establishment of the Yongli regime, the Ming army in the southern provinces was mobilized to fight against the Qing army. However, under the strong offensive of the Qing army, they were exiled and died in the four provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Guizhou.

After the death of Zhang Xianzhong, the leader of the peasant uprising army, sun Wangwang, Li Dingguo and other ministries took charge of the legacy department, and established the policy of uniting the Ming Dynasty to resist the Qing Dynasty. In February 1652, sun Wangwang sent troops to welcome emperor Yongli to live in Anlong. Li Dingguo led his division eastward and fought a bloody battle with the Qing army, which forced the Qing government to make peace with him. With the gradual victory of the anti Qing struggle, sun Wangwang gradually developed his desire to become emperor, and later took Yongli court as his own weight. Emperor Yongli, sitting in a dangerous city, wanted to call Li Dingguo to join the army, so he conspired with his courtiers. Unexpectedly, sun Wangwang sent his general to Anlong to ask questions and put 18 courtiers in prison and killed them, which is known as "the prison of Mr. 18". This historical event is recorded in the history of Ming Dynasty, the draft of Qing Dynasty history, Yongli Shilu and Anlong Jishi.

After Chen Han, Wu Zhenyu, a Bachelor of Nanming cabinet, and other 18 people died, their families and the people of Anlong buried them together at the foot of tianbang mountain in the northwest corner of the city.

Ten years forever

In the first month of the 10th year of Yongli (1656 AD), Li Dingguo built a tomb for 18 people from Guangxi to Anlong, and built a temple in the horse farm. In 1658, Zhu Youlang moved to Kunming and sent an envoy to Anlong to build a stele for 18 people (this stele was unearthed in 1980 when the tomb was repaired). The stele is engraved with nine buildings, which are inscribed by Zhu Youlang. So far, the title of "Mr. 18" has been handed down. The names, positions and deaths of the eighteen were inscribed by Yin Sanpin, Minister of General Administration. After the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, many famous scholars set up steles, wrote poems and wrote right compositions for them. Qianlong 60 years (AD 1795) began to build eighteen special ancestral hall. In the 29th year of Daoguang (1849 AD), Zhang mg rebuilt the tomb and ancestral temple of Mr. 18. Zhang Zhidong wrote the article of Mr. Diao Shiba.

Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty

Nanlongting tongduan once erected a stele for the tomb of Mr. 18, which contains the names of the 18 people, the whole story of their martyrdom, and the poems of all the ministers' Jueming. At the beginning of Qianlong, the imperial court offered sacrifices to Wu Zhenyu and other officials, and the local officials engraved the biography of Wu Zhenyu in Ming history on the stele. Eighteen martyred courtiers, Suzhu, were added to the "Hall of enjoyment"; three Ming courtiers, Gu Qipin, Li Ruyue and Lin Qingyang, were attached to the side hall. In the 60th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1795 AD), Guizhou scholar envoy Hong Liangji and nanlongfu magistrate Cao tingkui built tombs (the word is left-right structure, with "fire" on the left and "Ding" on the right). In the third year of Daoguang reign (1823 AD), Chen Xi, the governor of Xingyi Prefecture, was appointed as the governor of Xingyi Prefecture (the word is left-right structure, with "he" on the left and "Fu" on the right). In 1844 A.D., the magistrate Zhu wrote two poems, which were inscribed on the right side of the tomb.

Wu Zhenyu, a bachelor, Zhang Jian, a minister of military science, Jiang GeChang, Li Kaiyuan, Xu dada, a minister of the Ministry of official affairs, Yang Zhong, a minister of Dali temple, Zhao gengyu, a minister of Taipu temple, Cai Ji, a minister of Guanglu temple, Zheng Yunyuan, a Marquis of Wu'an, Zhou Yunji, a censor of Jiangxi Dao, Li Qi, Zhu yanpump, a censor of Fujian Dao, Zhu Dongdan, a doctor of Wu Xuan, Ren douxu, Yi Shijia, and Si Litai Zhang Fulu, Quan Weiguo, etc.

Since the end of Ming Dynasty, there have been many historical books and unofficial notes about the death of Mr. 18, such as Ming history, draft of Qing history, general records of Guizhou, records of Xingyi Prefecture, Zhichun (longjishi), Qu Dajun (longyishi), Wang Fuzhi (lishilu), Cha jizuo (Ji nanlue), and many literati have written countless poems. Since its restoration and opening up, this historic site has attracted many experts, scholars and tourists at home and abroad to study the history of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and has received foreign guests from more than 10 countries.

Memorabilia

The tomb of Mr. Ming 18 is located at xiamachang dam, tianbang mountain, northwest of Buyi and Miao Autonomous County of Anlong, Guizhou Province

Chinese PinYin : Shi Ba Xian Sheng Mu