Guguan Great Wall

Guguan Great Wall

Guguan Great Wall is located in Xinguan village, Pingding County, Shanxi Province, on the west side of Taihang. It starts from Niangziguan jiayugou in the north and ends at Baihui village in the south, with a total length of 20 kilometers. It is an important pass of the inner Great Wall. Guguan Great Wall is the only stone built inner wall in China. It is the earliest Ming Dynasty inner wall in China. Luo Zhewen, a famous expert on the Great Wall, called it "the charm of xiaobadaling". According to Mr. Luo's research, the great wall of Guguan was built in 369 BC, 155 years earlier than the Great Wall built by the first emperor of Qin after the unification of the six countries. Although most of the existing relics are Ming Dynasty buildings, it has a history of 2374 years since its first construction, which is rare in China.

Guguan is one of the four famous passes in the west of Beijing in the Ming Dynasty (the other three passes are Juyong Pass, Zijing pass and daoma pass), which is called "the vassal screen of the capital". Guancheng was first built in 1437, the second year of Zhengtong in Ming Dynasty. It was called "Guguan" at that time. It was built in Jiuguan village, Niangziguan Town, Pingding County. In the 22nd year of Jiajing reign (1543), "although the place of Lu Kou's fortress was Chongyao, the old city was not enough", so he moved to the west to build a new city. Taking the meaning of "solid as golden soup", he changed "Gu" to "Gu", and later repaired the Great Wall on both sides of the fortress. Lu's spring and Autumn Annals is one of the nine fortresses in the world.

geographical position

Guguan Great Wall is located 35 kilometers east of Pingding County, only 2 kilometers away from the junction of Shanxi and Hebei. It is the east gate of Shanxi, 65 kilometers east of Shijiazhuang and 50 kilometers west of Yangquan. Taijiu Expressway and 307 National Highway both pass through here. The traffic is very convenient. It belongs to Xinguan village, Niangziguan Town, Pingding County, Shanxi Province.

Basic introduction

history

Guguan has experienced many important historical events, and many emperors, generals and literati came and went there. For example, Jian, the king of Qin, felled Zhao, and the first emperor of Qin returned to Xianyang. Han Xin fought against the current. Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi calmed down the rebellion of an and Shi. Emperor Kangxi's western tour all passed through here. Han Yu, Sima Guang, Han Qi, Yu Chenglong and Kong Shangren also left excellent poems here.

The Guguan Great Wall was destroyed and abandoned in the war because of its long history. In addition, a simple highway was built in 1932, and 307 National Highway and Taijiu highway were built after the founding of the people's Republic of China. All of them crossed the ancient Great Wall, which inevitably damaged this important cultural relic. After 1998, with the support of the higher authorities and the guidance of cultural relic experts, Xinguan village, with only 600 people, restored the ancient Great Wall thousands of meters from the north to the south of Guguan, the sentry platform, battlements tower, medicine tower, Guanmen, Xifeng temple, the bridge across 307 National Highway, the bridge across Taijiu Expressway, and reappeared the old style of Xiongguan ancient road.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the old appearance of Guguan was still in good condition, and the historical sites were not damaged. Later, it suffered repeated wars, no supervision, and collapsed. Especially during the cultural revolution, the ancient buildings such as city walls and fort were demolished at will. At present, there is only one complete fort, three and a half of which exist, and the rest have only low foundations. The city buildings have collapsed, and the Yamen and temples have been demolished, almost in ruins. Guguan city in the past, now only its ruins can be seen.

repair

In October 1998, the first phase of Guguan Great Wall project started smoothly. In Xinguan village, the cadres and the masses are united in their efforts to restore the style of the Great Wall. Women and children are willing to eat food without fear of difficulties. The investment was 650000 yuan, including 240000 yuan raised by villagers and 13000 voluntary workers. It took nine months to repair 620 meters of the north section of the Great Wall, 3 enemy towers, 2 watchtowers, 150 meters of stone railings and stone steps, 70 meters of dam protection, 30 meters of wall protection, 4 hexagonal pavilions and 2 archways. At the same time, the west side of the Great Wall was afforested, which initially provided the conditions for opening to tourists.

The second phase of the project, with an investment of 1.5 million yuan, will restore the Great Wall bridge, Wengcheng, guanlou of the national highway and 800 meters of the southern section of the Great Wall, so as to truly record the original history of the Great Wall. At the right time, dangerous buildings and Qingfeng were confronted, ancient roads and Taijiu danced together, the new wind was blowing, and the iron clothes were cold light. This is in response to the praise of Luo Zhe, a famous expert on cultural relics of the Great Wall, that Guguan Great Wall "has the charm of little Badaling".

The ancient Great Wall will stand on the top of Taihang with a new look, and the east gate of Shanxi will add a beautiful scenery.

Original name

According to Professor Luo Zhewen, a National Great Wall expert, Guguan Great Wall was built in 369 B.C. during the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. It belongs to the great wall of Zhongshan state, 155 years earlier than the Great Wall built by Qin Shihuang after the unification of the six countries. It is the only existing and relatively complete stone wall in China. From now on, the ancient Great Wall has experienced more than 2370 years of vicissitudes and war baptism. The restoration was carried out in 1589, the 17th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the great wall of Guguan was rebuilt and a city was built here. There are three Yamens in the city, commonly known as Da yamen, er Yamen and San Yamen. The main yamen is under the command of the fourth uncle of emperor Jiajing, the third military officer. The second yamen is located in the back street and the general manager is responsible for military affairs. The third yamen is located near the Guguan pass and is responsible for guarding and collecting customs duties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guguan was the only way to Beijing. The terrain was very dangerous. It was the key point of Jin and Hebei. It was one of the nine fortresses in the pre Qin Dynasty and the eight Xing of Taihang. It was the gate to the west of Jingxing and the place that the military strategists of all dynasties had to fight for. It was the key point to protect Beijing. Juyong Pass, Zijing pass, daomaguan pass and Guguan pass were the four famous passes in the west of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the nomadic bandits of Inner Mongolia often fled to the mainland to disturb and led the army to attack the old pass (now the old pass). Because of the insufficient terrain, the pass was almost broken by the bandits. In order to strengthen the defense, Emperor Jiajing issued an imperial edict to move the pass to establish a city. The governor of Zhili took more than 2000 migrant workers from eight counties and moved the pass to the West for ten li to build a pass. This is the origin of the name of the pass. After the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty, due to the change of place name, Guguan was changed to Xinguan village.

Address: Xinguan village, Niangziguan Town, Pingding County, Yangquan City

Longitude: 113.911693

Latitude: 37.895028

Tel: 0353-6142258; 0353-61

Ticket information: market price: 50.0 yuan

Chinese PinYin : Gu Guan Zhang Cheng