The National Grand Theater

The new theater, built in 2007, is located on the west side of the Great Hall of the people, with gorgeous and unique architectural appearance

China National Grand Theatre

synonym

The National Grand Theater (west side building of the Great Hall of the people) generally refers to the National Grand Theater of China

The National Centre for the performing arts of China is one of the new "Sixteen sights of Beijing" landmark buildings. It is located in the west of Tiananmen Square and the west of the Great Hall of the people in the center of Beijing. It is composed of the main building and the underwater corridor, underground parking lot, artificial lake and green space on the north and south sides

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The National Grand Theater of China is designed by French architect Paul Andrews. The appearance of the National Grand Theater is semi ellipsoid. The length of the long axis in the east-west direction is 212.20 meters, the length of the short axis in the north-south direction is 143.64 meters, and the height of the building is 46.285 meters

It covers an area of 118900 square meters, with a total construction area of 165000 square meters, including 105000 square meters of main building and 60000 square meters of underground ancillary facilities, with a total cost of 3.067 billion yuan

. There are opera house, concert hall, theater, art exhibition hall, restaurant, audio-visual shop and other supporting facilities.

The National Grand Theater of China was named one of the top ten buildings in 1958 for the 10th anniversary of the national day, and won the Luban Prize on December 19, 2008

On October 28, 2009, it was selected as "100 classic and excellent projects" for the 60th anniversary of the founding of new China

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Evolution of construction

In 1958, Chairman Mao Zedong and the Party Central Committee decided to build a number of large-scale public buildings in Beijing to meet the 10th anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Premier Zhou Enlai determined the construction site and approved the design scheme.

In October 1996, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Fourteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on several issues of strengthening the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, which pointed out that the National Museum of China and the National Grand Theater of China should be built in a planned way.

In October 1997, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee commissioned Beijing to prepare for the construction of the National Theater of China.

In January 1998, the leading group for the construction of the National Grand Theater of China was established. The owner committee of China National Grand Theater project, led by Beijing and participated by the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of construction, was established, and the architectural design scheme was determined to be invited for international bidding.

In April 1998, the State Council issued the "Notice of the State Council on approval and transmission of the request for instructions from the State Development Planning Commission on the construction of the National Grand Theater", approving the construction of the National Grand Theater project. On the 13th of that month, the International Invitation Competition of architectural design scheme started.

In July 1998, the first round of the International Invitational Competition for the architectural design scheme of the National Grand Theater of China opened in the history museum, attracting 36 design units from 10 countries to participate in the competition, and a total of 69 schemes were submitted to participate in the selection.

In August 1998, a model of the first round of design was displayed in the Museum of Chinese revolutionary history. The expert committee is composed of 11 judges, including 8 Chinese and 3 foreigners.

On July 22, 1999, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee discussed and agreed on the architectural design scheme of the National Grand Theater of China, adopting the circular design scheme designed by Paul Andrews, designer of Paris Airport Company of France, and coordinated by Tsinghua University.

In February 2000, through the national bidding, Beijing urban construction, Hong Kong construction and Shanghai Construction Engineering Consortium was determined as the general contractor of the National Grand Theater project. Beijing Shuangyuan supervision company won the bid as the project supervision unit.

On April 1, 2000, the State Planning Commission of China approved the construction site preparation of the National Grand Theater of China.

On December 13, 2001, the construction of the National Grand Theater of China officially started.

On April 17, 2003, the main structure of the National Theater of China was capped.

On December 2, 2003, the installation of the steel structure of the shell of the National Theater of China was completed. The hoisting of the whole shell steel structure took only 76 working days, creating a "Chinese speed" for the installation of giant shell steel structure.

On May 8, 2007, the closed water test of the artificial lake waterproofing project of the National Grand Theater of China was completed

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On June 15, 2007, the National Grand Theater of China demolished the engineering enclosure close to Chang'an Street and officially appeared on the outside

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In September 2007, the National Theater of China announced that the project was basically completed

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In September 2007, the National Grand Theater of China held an audition. The Swan Lake by the National Ballet of China, the great Dunhuang dream by Lanzhou song and dance company, and the teahouse by Beijing People's Art Theater held seven performances from September 25 to October 13

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On December 22, 2007, the National Grand Theater of China gave an official performance

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Architectural pattern

opera house

The opera house is the most magnificent building in the National Grand Theater, with gorgeous and brilliant gold as the main color. It mainly performs opera, dance drama, ballet and large-scale artistic performances. The audience hall of the opera house has a first floor pool seat and a third floor building seat, with a total of 2207 audience seats (including station seats). The opera house has an advanced stage with the functions of pushing, pulling, ascending, descending and turning. The tilting ballet stage board can accommodate the ascending and descending music pool of the trio

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metope

An arc-shaped metal mesh is installed on the wall of the opera house to allow sound to pass through, while the wall behind the metal mesh is polygonal, thus forming an arc of vision and a polygon of hearing space, achieving the combination of architectural acoustics and theater aesthetics, so that the reverberation time can reach 1.6 seconds

 

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orchestra pit

The music pool of the opera house covers an area of 120 square meters. It can accommodate 90 people in a three pipe orchestra. It can also be raised to the level of the auditorium to become the auditorium. In the orchestra pit, a special lift platform is specially designed for the conductor, who can appear and take a curtain call in this special way

 

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stage

The Opera House stage adopts the "pin" shape stage form, including the main stage, left and right side stage and back stage. The stage has five functions: push, pull, up, down and turn, which can quickly switch scenery. The main stage has six lifting tables, which can be lifted as a whole or separately. Each of the left and right side platforms has six laterally movable platforms, which can change the scene and participate in the performance by exchanging positions with the main stage lifting platform

 

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A ballet stage platform is stored 15 meters below the rear stage. After the main stage lifting platform is lowered, the ballet stage can be moved to the main stage platform for ballet performance. This is the largest seamless special ballet stage board in China, and also the only tilting ballet stage board in China, which can be tilted to 5.7 degrees. The countertop is made of Oregon wood and has a three-layer structure to increase elasticity, which can maximize the protection of the ballet dancer's toes

 

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The height of the grating top above the stage is 32 meters, and the suspender, light bridge and light ferry bridge are suspended in the air by wire ropes. There are 61 electric booms, 78 track single point cranes and 24 free single point cranes, which are used to hang screens and scenes respectively. Light bridge, light bridge and light hanger decorate 1588 lamps used for performance on the top of the stage of the opera house, and the light response is fast, and the shape can be changed in a few seconds

 

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Concert Hall

The style of the concert hall is fresh and elegant. It is suitable for playing large-scale symphonies and national music. It can hold various concerts and has 1859 seats (including standing seats). The concert hall has the largest organ in China, which can meet the needs of different genres. In addition, the design of digital wall, modern aesthetic Abstract relief ceiling, GRC wall and turtle back sound reflecting board can make the sound evenly and gently diffuse and reflect, which makes the concert hall realize the combination of architectural aesthetics and acoustic aesthetics

 

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"Treasure of town hall" -- organ

The organ placed in the concert hall is elegant in shape and full in timbre. It is the largest one with the largest volume, the largest number of bolts, the largest number of pipes and the richest timbre in China. It has 94 bolts and 6500 pipes. The organ is made by Johannes kleis, a German family of organ manufacturers. It is tied up with the famous organ of Cologne Cathedral in Germany, and can meet the needs of different genres of works

 

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ceiling

The ceiling of the concert hall is made into an abstract work of modern art. The irregular white relief looks like a rolling sand dune and a beach washed by waves. In fact, the messy grooves on the ceiling are specially designed to diffuse and reflect the sound, making it more uniform and soft. Beautiful day

Chinese PinYin : Guo Jia Da Ju Yuan