Agricultural Museum

Agricultural Museum

The agricultural museum is located in the north of Shennong square in Leiyang City, Hunan Province, next to the municipal government. The museum is designed by professional designers of Hunan Museum, one of the top ten museums in China. The whole exhibition hall has complete functions and integrates farming culture, art and books. On September 15, 2004, the museum officially opened to receive visitors. On December 18, 2006, it was rated as a national 2A tourist attraction and one of the six pilot museums in China by the State Administration of cultural relics.

architectural composition

Entering the hall to the left, the facing wall is called qianlei wall. It is composed of all the characters related to the word "Lei" that can be found in our country, including all kinds of writing methods of "Lei" and all the characters that use the word "Lei" as the radical. Why does Leiyang use farm tools "Lei" as the place name? What is the cultural connotation of Leiyang's "Lei"? Lei is the most primitive agricultural tools, which appeared with the emergence of primitive agriculture. And in the process of spreading, it was connected with the Chinese cultural ancestor. It can be said that Lei is the symbol of China's agricultural civilization and one of the most influential symbols in Yanhuang Culture. "Lei but Geng" is the use of Lei, which means holding Lei in hand, stepping on the short wood tied horizontally at the lower end of Lei, inserting Lei tip into the soil, and then turning over the soil layer. Obviously, the role of Lei in farming is similar to that of later plows. "Lei" and "Bi" are two kinds of ancient farm tools with little difference in use purpose. The difference between them is that the lower end of Lei is conical, and the lower end of Bi is flat leaf. This is a ploughing tool used in Hemudu more than 7000 years ago. It is made from the scapula of a large animal. As the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Emperor Yan Shennong has been worshipped by the Chinese people for thousands of years. This is the story picture of Shennong portrayed by the Han people. Shennong wears the emperor's crown and holds Lei in one hand. One hand holding the Phoenix. There is a moon in the upper right corner, where Shennong works hard to spread agricultural technology. At the lower right corner, there is a beast with wings and grass, where Shennong tastes all kinds of herbs to cure people's diseases. This is a picture of Shennong ploughing the land with both hands. Dayu's flood control is an important event in the history of Chinese civilization. The picture shows a portrait of Dayu in Han Dynasty. The early Lei is a wooden stick, which is more than 3000 years ago. Leiyang is a city and county with many cultural relics in Hunan Province. This is the distribution map of cultural relics in Leiyang City. This is a Neolithic stone axe unearthed in Leiyang. This is a comparison between the ancient scythe and the modern scythe. In the Warring States period, the double tooth Lei was popular, and the iron sleeve was installed on the tooth tip. Obviously, the iron sleeve can prolong the service life of Lei and improve the efficiency of Lei. This is a double toothed wooden Lei which is still used in the North Korean area in modern times. It is an ancient agricultural tool evolved from Lei, such as wooden hoe, iron hoe, plow, harrow and tieta. This is the work of three famous agronomists in ancient China, Chen Fu, Wang Zhen and Xu Guangqi. To the right, you can see this group of exquisite clay sculptures, which reflects the whole process of Shennong's creation of Lei at that time. It is said that in his later years, Shennong, the emperor of Yan, came to Leiyang with beautiful scenery after traveling all over the country. He saw people catching crabs with sticks and stones, and using wet wood to make wood bend. It suddenly occurred to me that there were not enough farm tools for farming and sowing at that time, so I improved the wooden stick used by the local people and invented the ploughing farm tool Lei, which can improve the labor efficiency.

In the center of the hall is a group of "water pedals". It was invented by Bi LAN in Han Dynasty. It can be said that it is the oldest and most widely used water diversion irrigation tool in China. It has different names in different dynasties, such as water wheel, bicycle, water dragon and water centipede.

Leiyang is known as the "hometown of Camellia oleifera". We enter the second exhibition hall. This group shows the imitation of Leiyang traditional folk tea oil. After autumn ripening, pick out the tea seeds and put them on the fire to bake. Dry and easy to grind. Then put the milled tea seeds on the high fire to steam, because the high temperature can increase its oil output. After steaming, the tea will be made into tea cakes with iron hoops and straw. Evenly put into the wood press, through the impact of wood, make them squeeze, and then squeeze out of the tea oil along the bottom of the oil tank into the bottom of the oil barrel. This is the schematic diagram of tea oil production process. Hunan is the birthplace of rice farming in China. This is a 5000 or 6000 year old prehistoric pottery unearthed in NANTUO, Changsha County. This square tripod with human face is a bronze ware of the Shang Dynasty unearthed in Ningxiang, Hunan Province. Many experts believe that the word "Dahe" is cast on the inner wall of the ware. The word "he" represents a rice ear with strong stems and full grains, while human face may be the official guarding the area of Dongting Lake. In 1995, Hunan Provincial Institute of archaeology excavated two and a half grains of rice from yuchanyan, Daoxian county. After identification, they were more than 10000 years ago. It is the earliest ancient specimen of rice and its excavation site in the world. This is the rice, carbonized rice, rhombus and peach unearthed from a Neolithic site about 7000 years ago in 80gou, Lixian County, Hunan Province. More rice was unearthed from Mawangdui Han tomb, and most of the grains were complete when unearthed. After identification, there are four varieties. This is their identification table. As the main rice producing area, Leiyang undertook the task of handing in a large amount of grain for the feudal dynasty. The picture shows the relevant records in Leiyang county annals compiled during the reign of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. These are the farm tools we collected from the ethnic minorities in Yunnan: serrated blade iron hoe, cross handle axe, shovel and so on. The exhibition hall mainly displays Leiyang traditional folk customs. You can see that this group of sedan chairs was collected from the home of a sedan chair lifter for generations. You should know that during the cultural revolution, many sedan chairs were destroyed as "broken four old" items. This pair of sedan chairs are the tools for their family to make a living for generations, so he hid them in the cave behind his home. However, after the cultural revolution, people didn't use the sedan chairs to marry the bride. So this pair of sedans has been idle there until we built the museum. This is used to carry the betrothal gifts of Taiwan flower, this is the "Wo Tong" and disguised as a bucket, the main rice threshing tools in rural Leiyang before the popularity of rice threshing machine. This is a modern residence in Leiyang restored by us. It is decorated according to the decoration of Leiyang people before the 1980s. You can see that the one on the left and right of the door is called the wall shed. It's for the wind and the back. This is called the kitchen stove, as well as the master, desk, oil lamp and so on. There's a face stand here, and there's a copper basin on the face stand. The bed in the bedroom is called "dental bed" or "dry work bed" by Leiyang people. It is said that it takes 1000 days and nights to make it. So it's called "Gan Gong bed". There's a bat hanging upside down right above the middle of the bed, which means "Fu Dao". It is equivalent to the meaning of "Fu" upside down. Its workmanship is also more exquisite. There are magpies, squirrels and other mascots on it. There are three pairs of shoes on the bed, the most unique one is called clogs. It is made of iron sheet, cowhide and wood. When it rains, I go out wearing cloth shoes and clogs. You won't get your feet wet. Just leave the clogs at the door when you come back. There are also handmade boxes, tea buckets and a shotgun hanging on the wall. It can be seen that the farmer may be a hunter.

Next, please come with me to the fourth exhibition hall, which is mainly for the exhibition of rice processing tools after maturity. This is used to remove the rice husk of Leizi, is used to grind powder with the stone mill, as well as used to pound. Yes, there is a famous saying in Guanzi that "if you are in a warehouse, you know etiquette". It has almost become the governing motto of feudal countries, and the storage of grain has also become a major event of the people at that time. This is the wooden cabinet used to store grain in Leiyang rural areas in the past. This is a meter called "rice bucket", which was the main tool for landlords to exploit peasants at that time. In ancient times, there was a saying that "big fight in, small fight out" is to use this tool to exploit farmers. This is a set of tools used to play cotton, including textile machine and loom. Advanced agriculture needs advanced farm tools to guarantee, which is the pride of Leiyang people. Here is the rice transplanter developed by Leiyang rice transplanter factory. When Comrade Deng xiaoping visited Thailand, he presented it to the Thai people as a gift, which was warmly welcomed by the Thai people. This is the first cultivator officially identified by the quality supervision department in China and the world. From left to right, it is the first generation, the second generation and the third generation. Then you can have a look at our multi-source breeding industry in Leiyang, as well as the "exploding spark machine" and pot mending appliances collected by our library, as well as the traditional transport tool commonly used in rural Leiyang - the chicken bus. Here are the "rice threshing machine", "windmill" and the "rice rowing device" used to draw the dividing line.

Turning around the fourth exhibition hall, we can see the stone axes and knives collected from Leiyang Neolithic site. This is a collection of printed hard pottery and stone tools from the Shang and Zhou sites in Leiyang. The cymbal is one of the earliest percussion instruments in China. Although the shape of the cymbal unearthed in Leiyang is not very big, its decoration is very exquisite. It is the stone and bronze work of the spring and Autumn period. This is the pottery tripod, pot and bowl of the Warring States period unearthed in Leiyang. This is the leaf shaped scraper. This is the "copper belt hook" and "glazed wall" of the Warring States period. This is a group of weapons unearthed from Leiyang during the Warring States period, including spear, shield, Ge, sword and knife. The double-edged sword and the single-edged sword. Bronze mirror is a unique system of make-up utensils and handicrafts in bronze mirror. It is a bronze mirror with the characteristics of flourishing age unearthed and collected from Leiyang in various dynasties of our country. Moreover, the patterns on the bronze mirrors of each dynasty are different, such as "four mountain pattern mirror in Warring States period", "six breast bird pattern mirror in Eastern Han Dynasty", and "plum blossom pattern mirror" in Song Dynasty.

Most of the cultural relics unearthed in Leiyang are from the Han Dynasty, such as jade wall, talc wall, silver ring, pottery "five baht" coin and pottery "half baht"

Chinese PinYin : Nong Geng Bo Wu Guan