Yunshe Village

Yunshe, known as "the best Tujia village in the world", is located on the Bank of Taiping River at the foot of Fanjing Mountain. It is said that it used to be the place where immortal people lived. There is a unique fresh smell of the mountains. Under the road, there is a river. The river is wide, rocky, and the water is clear and shallow. There are sandbars everywhere. There are lush shrubs and green pastures in the original ecology. Beyond the river bank, there is a fertile plain.

Enjoying the idyllic scenery along the way, I occasionally heard cattle and sheep moo to enter the village. It seems that there are the same houses everywhere connecting the village, white walls, black tiles, white roof ridges, and the same ancient stone road with green light and people's appreciation everywhere. Outsiders always have the feeling that they have just been here and that they are not in that place everywhere. It turns out that Yunshe's ancestors used labyrinth layout to prevent banditry and built high wall courtyard buildings with more square bricks on four sides, which formed the ancient village's thousands of surrounding roadways and unique Tujia fire sealed bucket house. The comprehensive, systematic and creative planning and construction ideas of Yunshe village made visitors marvel.

Yunshe Village

Yunshe village, whose name comes from Tujia language, means "the place where monkeys drink water". It is a traditional Chinese village under the jurisdiction of Taiping Town, Jiangkou County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province. It is located in Taiping River scenic area of Fanjing Mountain, 7 kilometers away from Jiangkou County, 23 kilometers away from Nanshan gate of Fanjing Mountain, with an area of 6.15 square kilometers.

Yunshe village is located in the karst landform of Taiping River and mountain valley. It has a subtropical monsoon humid climate. The village lives along the river and river valley. It is close to qinyanpo in the East, bayuanpo in the west, shenlongtan in the village and Taiping River outside. The two rivers pass through the village. The Qingshi alley in the village connects the whole village, showing the distribution of the villages. Shenlongtan in the village has a characteristic It can forecast the weather with the rise and fall of water level. It is known as "the first Tujia village in China" for its intangible cultural heritage - Ancient Papermaking.

In December 2012, Yunshe village was listed in the list of the first batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance.

On July 28, 2019, it was listed in the first batch of national key Rural Tourism Villages by the Ministry of culture and tourism and the national development and Reform Commission,

On December 25 of the same year, it was listed in the first batch of national forest villages by the State Forestry and grassland administration.

Village history

Yunshe village has a history of 600 or 700 years. Its ancestors moved from Shaanxi to Jiangxi more than 1000 years ago and then to Jingzhou, Hunan Province. After that, they moved from Jingzhou, Hunan Province to shengxisi. Later, due to the separation of brothers, the elder brother stayed in shengxisi, and the second and third brothers moved from shengxisi to Yunshe.

Yunshe was originally under the jurisdiction of the provincial chieftain.

After liberation, Yunshe village belonged to senior commune, later to people's Commune and Taiping commune, now under the jurisdiction of Taiping Town, Jiangkou County, Tongren City.

From November to December 1950, the troops of the East Sichuan military region of the Chinese people's Liberation Army carried out the anti bandit battle in Fanjingshan area, Jiangkou County, northeastern Guizhou Province. Yunshe village served as a battlefield to suppress the bandits. On December 15, the anti bandit battle in Yunshe Village area was completed.

geographical environment

Location context

Yunshe village is located in Taiping River scenic area of Fanjing Mountain, Taiping Town, Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province. It is 7 kilometers away from Jiangkou county and 23 kilometers away from Nanshan gate of Fanjing Mountain, covering an area of 6.15 square kilometers.

topographic features

Yunshe village is located in the karst landform of mountain valley with qinyanpo in the East, bayuanpo in the west, shenlongtan in the middle and Taiping River outside.

climate

Yunshe village is located in the mid subtropical and mid latitude region. It has a subtropical monsoon humid climate with four distinct seasons, long frost free period, abundant rainfall, the same period of water and heat, and the same season of light and heat. The average annual temperature is 16.2 ℃, the average annual sunshine time is 1257.3 hours, the frost free period is 288 days, the average annual precipitation is 1369.6 mm, and the average annual relative humidity is 81%.

Hydrovegetation

Yunshe village is located on the Bank of Taiping River in Yuanjiang River system. There is Longtang River downstream from shenlongtan River in the village. The main tree species are fir forest, yellow poplar forest, Cyclobalanopsis glauca forest, etc.

Village pattern

Site selection concept

Yunshe village lives along the river and river valley. In ancient society, where there is a river, there is a wharf. The wharf is an important node of inland waterway, which is also an important feature of Yunshe site selection.

spatial distribution

Yunshe village is located in the east foot of Fanjing and the upper reaches of Jinjiang River on the Taiping River bank, with its back on Cen busy slope and its face on bayuan slope. Fengyu bridge is the entrance of the ancient village, across the Taiping River. The villagers live together, two rivers pass through the village, and the Qingshi alley in the village connects the whole village. The villagers gather around the Paizi house, showing the distribution of the village.

Wisdom of building a village

In ancient times, Yunshe village was mainly built in labyrinth of tunnels to prevent mountain Bandits: the silos were connected with each other to form a whole, and the tunnels were interlinked.

Economic society

population

According to the official website of the May 2020 Digital Museum of China's traditional villages, the village of Yun house is mainly Tujia, with registered residence of 531 households and 2328 permanent residents.

Economics

Yunshe village is mainly engaged in planting, including rice, sweet potato, corn, pepper and other crops, and has developed papermaking technology.

According to the official website of the Digital Museum of traditional Chinese villages in May 2020, the average annual income of the villagers in Yunshe village is 4216 yuan.

Main attractions

Shenlong Lake

Located in the center of Yunshe village, shenlongtan has a diameter of 40 meters and a depth of 20 meters. Its water yield reaches 4 tons per second, flows through 500 meters and flows into Taiping River.

Shenlongtan has a special function - it can forecast the weather by the fluctuation of water level. Rising water brings rain, falling water brings sunshine.

Roaring spring

There is a spring about 30 meters to the left of Shenlong lake. The spring water is controlled by sound. When people want to use water, they shout "water comes" and water comes out; when they use it up, water comes back.

Tujia Paizi house

Tujia people's Paizi house in Yunshe village is a local traditional feature. It is in the form of quadrangle courtyard. Its structure is composed of main house, partial house, wooden building and chaomen. It is surrounded by walls, also known as fire sealing Paizi. The whole building of Yunshe Paizi house is square, high in the north and low in the south. The main house is on the top, which is divided into the middle hall and the left and right wing rooms, and the building is on the bottom.

Fairy Cave

It is said that the ancestors of the Tujia people in Yunshe originally lived in shengxisi. Through the hard work of several generations, the family became stronger and stronger, but it was difficult to find a better place for future generations to live in. So they killed pigs and sheep to pray for God. When the immortals saw that they were so loyal, they gave the original Yunshe to them to build a new house, but they retreated to the cave behind, so they called it "immortal cave" ”。

History and culture

The origin of place names

It is said that Yunshe used to be the place where the immortal lived. After the ancestors of Yunshe moved here, the immortal was moved by the hardworking and brave spirit of the Tujia people. They moved to Xianren cave in the back mountain and gave the fertile land to the Tujia people. In order to commemorate the immortal's achievements, the Tujia people named the village "Yunshe", which means "house in the cloud, where the immortal lives"; Actually, the word "Yunshe" comes from Tujia language, which means "where monkeys drink".

festival activities

Catch up with the new year

It is a unique custom of Tujia people to celebrate the lunar new year, which is still preserved in some villages. Tujia people celebrate the lunar new year, the month is 29 and the month is 28, one day earlier than Han people. They also hold dragon lantern, tea lantern, martial arts and other competitions after the fifth day of the lunar new year. During the Spring Festival, they also carry out organized hunting activities in the mountains.

Guoshe

Guoshe is a unique local festival of all ethnic groups in Jiangkou, especially Tujia. Counting from the beginning of spring, the fifth day is the commune day, and the fifth day is the commune day. However, there are some differences, and the fifth day before and after the equinox is the commune day. Wu is the earth, so on the commune day, we should respect the God of land, hang the commune for the new tomb, and offer sacrifices to ancestors. To have a meal, half glutinous rice and half glutinous rice are mixed with Artemisia, wild scallion, bacon, dried tofu, ginger, scallion, garlic, etc. and steamed with wood.

Sacrifice and worship

Chinese New Year: on the eve of new year's Eve, pig's head, changqian, wine, zhaiguo, fragrant candles and firecrackers are used to worship ancestors in the Yang ancestral temple to ensure safety.

Half of the moon: July 15 is the half of the moon, also known as "Ghost Festival". It is a festival for all nationalities to sacrifice together. It is said that on this day, when people enjoy water deer, they will have a sense of separation when they go out. Fourth, we should respect ghosts and burn paper money for them. Children are not allowed to run around. In addition, on this day, the ancestors will come home to visit their children and grandchildren. Therefore, the family should be cleaned up. Children are not allowed to fight and make noise, and wine offerings and paper money wrapped candles are prepared to welcome the ancestors back.

Bodhisattva's Day: the second day of February is the birthday of earth Bodhisattva. The 19th of June is the birthday of Guanyin Bodhisattva. It is also said that Guanyin Bodhisattva has three birthdays in a year, March 19th and September 19th. On this day, people from tens of miles or even hundreds of miles will flock to mount Fanjing to worship Buddha.

Intangible cultural heritage projects

Yunshe indigenous papermaking process is listed as intangible cultural heritage. Indigenous papermaking is made from local bamboo, soaked and rammed with lime

Chinese PinYin : Yun She Cun