YEDIAN site

YEDIAN site

YEDIAN site is located in the south of YEDIAN village, Yishan Town, Zoucheng City, Jining City, Shandong Province. It is a prehistoric archaeological site in Shandong Province. It is a typical Dawenkou and Longshan Culture in Shandong Province, and also has the remains of the Zhou and Han Dynasties. It was excavated from 1971 to 1972, covering an area of 1660 square meters. The tombs, ash pits and house sites of Dawenkou Culture, pottery kilns and houses and ash pits of Longshan culture will be cleaned up. More than 1000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed. The unearthed cultural relics include living utensils, production tools and decorations. The different number of funerary objects indicates that the gap between the rich and the poor within the clan is becoming more and more obvious. YEDIAN site has important reference value for the research of the city in ancient history and society.

In December 1977, YEDIAN site was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit in Shandong Province.

In May 2013, it was approved as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Management protection

In 1985, Zouxian YEDIAN was published by the Heritage Publishing House and distributed at home and abroad.

On the morning of September 3, 2012, the launching ceremony of Fuxi temple, YEDIAN site and the ancient city of Ying was held at the Fuxi Temple site in Guoli Town, Zoucheng City, Jining City, Shandong Province..

Cultural relics

The site is high in the north and low in the south. It is about 700 meters long from east to west and 800 meters wide from north to south, with a total area of about 800000 square meters. The thickness of ancient culture is 0.5m to 1.6m. From 1971 to 1972, the Shandong Provincial Museum and Zouxian cultural relics preservation Office jointly excavated the site.

More than 100 tombs, 17 ash pits, 6 house sites and 2 pottery kilns of Dawenkou Culture and 1 house site and 6 ash pits of Longshan culture were cleared. More than 1000 pieces of various cultural relics were unearthed. According to the determination of C 14, the site is about 4640 to 6170 years ago, which lasted about 1500 years.

The ancient culture layer of YEDIAN site is divided into four layers, including a large number of pottery, charcoal and red burnt soil. The houses are square and round, with half cavern buildings. In some areas, the tombs are dense, most of them are rectangular pits with vertical holes. There are primitive large and medium-sized wooden coffin tombs with burial utensils, and small tombs without burial utensils. The female single person tombs are the main ones, and the combined tombs only account for 10%.

Children's tombs are in the form of urn coffins. The number of funerary objects varies. Most of the funerary objects in large and medium-sized tombs range from 50 to 80. There are only one or two small tombs, which are buried according to the rich and poor areas. Its daily utensils are pottery, which are of various kinds and fine production. They are made by such techniques as hole carving, flower carving and flower twisting. The colored pottery is made of white, ochre, red, black and other colors, forming a network, star, circle and plant pattern, which has high artistic value. Production tools are finely ground stone tools with high cleanliness. Most of the decorations are jade hairpins, jade rings, jade ornaments and so on.

In this excavation, a double layer of Dawenkou Culture overlapped with Longshan culture was obtained. In Dawenkou Culture layer, more than 1000 cultural relics, such as graveyards, ash pits, house foundations and rich production tools, living utensils and decorations, were unearthed from different levels of Dawenkou Culture at different stages. A total of 28 ash pits, 7 house foundations, 2 pottery kilns and 89 tombs were cleared. Most of the tombs have wooden burial utensils. The direction is mainly east-west, and a small number is north-south. The burial style is single person lying on his back with straight limbs. The production tools for burial in the tomb are stone, bone, horn, pottery and other materials, mainly stone. The stone tools include axes, axes, shovels, knives and spinning wheels, and the bone horn implements include spearheads, arrows, chisels, cones, cutting tools at both ends, and angle forks. There is only one kind of spinning wheel in pottery. The living utensils are mainly pottery and bone, and the pottery includes Gu shaped cup, Ding, beans, basins, plates, cudgels, cudgels, utensils, leaky utensils, pots, back pots Pots, zuns, bowls, bowls, bottles, vats, cups, etc. the colors of pottery are red, gray, black, white and cream yellow, the common patterns are cloud thunder pattern, vortex pattern, octagonal star pattern, circle pattern and inclined grid pattern, the bone ware includes needle, comb and so on; the ornaments include jade, stone, bone, horn, tooth, pottery and other materials, and the utensils are classified into hairpins, hair bundles, bracelets, rings, pendants, tubes and so on. The excavation results show that the connotation of the site is the Neolithic Remains of Dawenkou Culture and Longshan culture. The absolute age of Dawenkou Culture is 6170-4640 years ago, which lasted about 1500 years.

Site significance

The level of social production and its differences in YEDIAN site reflect different social phenomena: in the early stage, the site was still in the late stage of matriarchal clan; in the middle stage, the patriarchal clan system began to be prominent, which was the transitional period from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society; in the late stage, with the rapid development of productive forces, the patriarchal clan had been basically formed and established.

Address: near national highway 104, South YEDIAN village, Zoucheng City, Jining City, Shandong Province

Longitude: 116.9892654419

Latitude: 35.334629058838

Chinese PinYin : Ye Dian Yi Zhi