Sanhuang Temple

Sanhuang Temple

Sanhuang temple in Xiaoyi City, also known as Shengzu temple, is located in jiajiazhuang village in the west of Xiaoyi city. On June 10, 2004, Shanxi Provincial People's government announced that it is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. The earliest extant architecture is a legacy of Yuan Dynasty. During the yuan, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China, it was expanded and repaired to varying degrees.

brief introduction

Sanhuang temple in Xiaoyi City, also known as Shengzu temple, is located in jiajiazhuang village in the west of Xiaoyi city. On June 10, 2004, Shanxi Provincial People's government announced that it is a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit. The temple was founded in the Yuan Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, Daoguang of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, it was expanded and repaired to varying degrees. The existing Sanhuang hall still retains the original structure of the Yuan Dynasty, and the rest is rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. At present, there are Sanhuang hall, er hall, Saishen theater and Yemen. To the east of Yemen, there is a brick entrance (Mountain Gate), and the rest of the buildings are destroyed. In 2005, the Municipal Bureau of cultural relics and Shanxi Institute of ancient building protection, based on the idea of complete protection and overall maintenance, and on the basis of ensuring "original shape, raw materials, raw technology and original practice", adopted some modern materials for repair and reinforcement and anti-corrosion solidification treatment when necessary, and carried out protective restoration of Sanhuang temple.

Architectural features

The temple is 59 meters wide from north to South and 84 meters long from east to west. The powerful "Sanhuang Temple" is inlaid on the forehead of the mountain gate. The central axis has a music tower and a three emperor hall. The first courtyard is empty and wide, with brick gate in the north corner, and Yemen in the north corner of the second entrance. There is a big difference between the two courtyards, so steps are set in front of Yemen. The Sanhuang hall is three rooms wide from the west to the East, four rafters deep, three rafters on the beam, three columns on the front, single eaves and hard front porch on the top of the mountain. The structure of the Yuan Dynasty is still preserved in the Sanhuang hall. There is a plaque on the top of the gate of Sanhuang hall, which says that "Sanhuang Temple" was given by Liang Minghan, the Sichuan envoy in October of the 10th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty. The front of the hall is dedicated to Wu Fuxi, Shennong Yandi and Xuanyuan Huangdi. On both sides of the hall, ten famous ancient doctors are worshipped. The gables are painted with frescoes with bright colors and clear lines. On the opposite side of the main hall, the music building sits from east to west, three rooms wide, five rafters deep, and a single eaves rolling shed top. The front and rear platform shelves and ceiling are all made of painted wood. There are wood, brick and stone carvings left over from the Qing Dynasty around the platform entrance. A plaque engraved in the eighth year of the Republic of China, inscribed with the words "mirage", was hung above the entrance of the platform, which was written by Qin Longguang, a famous calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty. One hundred and Eight Generals of Liangshan heroes are painted in the caisson of lelou, with different colors. Between the front and rear stages, large pieces of glass are inlaid to add luster to the whole stage. It is sometimes known as "glass stage" and has formed a fashion of "watching for the stage" inside and outside the city.

Sanhuang temple is located from west to East. The gate, the music tower and the main hall are arranged on the central axis from east to west. The first courtyard is spacious, with a brick gate in the north corner. It has a flat top and a deep entrance. The stone inlaid on the top of the gate is engraved with the word "Sanhuang Temple". Yemen gate is set in the north corner of the second entrance courtyard, with arched front, wooden roof truss, single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain, and brick carved lotus columns on the front, which is the access for the first and second entrance. There is a big difference between the two courtyards, so a step is set in front of Yemen.

Yemen into the two into the courtyard, sitting in front of the west east of the main hall of the three emperors. A vertical plaque of "Sanhuang Temple" is hung above the gate of the hall. It was given by Liang Minghan, the Minister of Sichuan in October of the 10th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. The three walls of the hall are painted with frescoes of the three emperors and the divine doctors. The frescoes are full of the three emperors' deities. It is said that there were 14 2-meter-high painted sculptures in the hall of the three emperors in the Yuan Dynasty, with the three emperors in the middle. Ten famous doctors and one three eyed divine doctor standing on both sides. The murals on the side are painted with the colorful deities of ten famous doctors and the stories of related figures, but the murals in the hall are still well preserved. The ten famous doctors are: Qibo, Leigong, bianque, chunyuyi, Huatuo, Zhangzhongjing, huangfumi, Gehong, Sun Simiao and Wei Shanjun. The ten famous doctors of the past dynasties are famous for their superb medical skills and profound medical works, and are revered as the king of medicine. The God of medicine not only applied good medicine to cure all kinds of diseases, but also prevented diseases and avoided harm, kept in good health and prolonged life. He showed his spirit in order to eliminate the suffering of diseases of all living beings, and was deeply loved and respected by the people.

There are five complete steles in the hall: the stele of rebuilding Sanhuang temple and building two corridors in the seventh year of Qianlong, the stele of rebuilding niuma, the God of wealth in the fifty eighth year of Qianlong, the stele of rebuilding Sanhuang temple and golden statue in the ninth year of Daoguang, the stele of rebuilding Sanhuang temple in Mengxia in the ninth year of Daoguang, and the stele of rebuilding Wenchang Kuixing tower and rebuilding lelou tower in the tenth year of the Republic of China They all stand under the gallery of the three emperors hall.

Sanhuang hall is three rooms wide, four rafters deep, single eaves, hard peak, front porch structure. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a plank door between the pillars, and a lattice window in the second. The plate door is made of the back of the door, and there are obvious lines on the back of the door leaf. There are three ways and five door nails (10 cm in diameter) in the door, and one nail is set above the door slant. There are 32 nails in total. There are 28 existing ones. On the top of the three rafters, the front Shu column is set with a bucket arch bearing beam, the Shu column is set with a stable joint, and the rear Shu column is set with a hump supporting bucket arch bearing beam. Above the flat beam, Shu column, Ding Hua chin arch and fork are set in the middle to support the ridge, and Shu column is stable. The front end of the tie lead intersects with the shop, and the tail of the tie lead intersects with the shop. Corner shop as a single next four shop for heart building, inside turn single copy steal heart building, its next one is true ang building, inside turn 45 degree jump arch, outside turn 45 degree jump arch for future generations, repair wrapped in the wall, may be sawn off, hanging hilltop wooden structure building corner shop with 45 degree shop example probably began in the Yuan Dynasty, and Shanxi Province in the central, Luliang area is more, is this area yuan, Ming architecture used Law. Three rafters and flat beams are naturally bent. On the front porch and the back eaves column, a large Fang is applied. The pillars were moved from the Ming Dynasty to the next, which made the Ming Dynasty open and increased the function of the Ming Dynasty. This characteristic is a common practice of small wooden structure in Yuan Dynasty in Shanxi Province, which can be seen in all areas of Shanxi Province, such as Wuyue temple in beiyuyuan village of Fenyang City, Shenggu temple in Gaoping City, etc. The pillars of the hall are made of natural bending materials, which reflect the characteristics of Yuan Dynasty architecture and the concept of folk architecture. The overall structure is natural, rough, concise and reasonable.

On both sides of the main hall, the ear hall is the Mawang Pavilion in the north and the Caifu hall in the south, both of which are of brick and wood structure, with hard hilltop style.

On the opposite side of the main hall is the Saishen theater, which is three rooms wide, five rafters deep, and a single eaves shed top. The theater building is of brick, tile, stone and wood structure. The front and rear platform beams and ceiling are all made of painted wood. There are wood, brick and stone carvings around the entrance.

Historical evolution

Most of the buildings in Sanhuang temple are well preserved. The temple truly reflects the architectural plane and layout of Taoist temples, especially the existing integral beam and building components of the main hall of Sanhuang Temple retain the original objects of the Yuan Dynasty. The structure is simple and stable, which reproduces the architectural concept under the specific historical background of the Yuan Dynasty. It has high historical and scientific value, and has a certain taste of cultural value. The "Three Emperors" worshipped in the hall of the three emperors are: Emperor Fuxi of Taihao, Emperor Shennong of Yan, and Emperor Xuanyuan of Huang. According to the legend, Fuxi painted eight trigrams to decide the four directions, set up nets to teach the people to fish and hunt, Shennong shared five grains to develop farming, tasted herbs, and Xuanyuan made farm tools to decide the solar term. The "Three Emperors" were honored as the ancestors of Chinese culture, which was widely recognized by the Chinese people. The sacrificial activities in Sanhuang Temple continued year after year, and the incense was very popular.

Address: middle of sanhuangmiao street, jiajiazhuang village, Xiaoyi City

Longitude: 111.750321

Latitude: 37.140049

Chinese PinYin : San Huang Miao