Yanfang ancient village

Yanfang ancient village

Yanfang ancient village, located on the hillside 7 km west by south of Jintan Town, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province, 3 km west of Ganjiang River, is about 14 km away from Ji'an City, covering an area of about 1 square kilometer. It was built in the middle of Southern Song Dynasty. The village is mainly Yan surnamed, with Wang, Rao, Liu, Xia, Jiang, Xiao, Huang, Guo and other surnames.

Yanfang ancient village is a well preserved historical and cultural village of Gan school in Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are 102 existing buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including ancestral temples, schools, memorial archways, houses, ancient wells, ancient ponds, ancient tombs, ancient memorial archways, Ming and Qing furniture, ancient sculptures, etc. the ancient camphor and ancient maple in the back of the village, the ancient well and ancient pond in front of the village are integrated with the ancient village.

In 2016, Yanfang ancient village was honored as a national 4A scenic spot. On June 5 of the same year, it was rated as the most beautiful ancient village in China;

On August 25, 2019, Yanfang ancient village was given a serious warning by Jiangxi Provincial Department of culture and tourism for failing to meet the standard.

Development history

In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yanfang ancient village was first built, in which Yan was the main surname, gradually forming a pattern of Yan, Rao and Wang living together, in addition to Liu, Xia, Jiang, Xiao, Huang, Guo and other surnames living together.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Yanfang people were famous for their benevolence, righteousness and integrity in business on both sides of the Yangtze River, and became the main force of the Jiangyou business group. The rich Yanfang people returned to their hometown, repaired their old houses and built new houses near the mountains and rivers, leaving behind a lot of ancient buildings with profound culture for later generations.

After liberation, "Yanfang" was renamed "Yanfang".

October 2010. Yanfang ancient village was officially opened to the outside world.

Architectural features

The buildings of Yanfang ancient village are different in style and have their own characteristics. There are exclusive small courtyard and rich family with different sizes and shapes. The whole village is surrounded by the village protection wall and the village protection river. The roadways are paved with bluestone, red stone or cobblestone. The houses are painted with gold and Phoenix, carved with meticulous care, and full of calligraphy and painting. The internal structure and appearance of the buildings reflect the characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The whole village of Yanfang is in the shape of a belt, about 2 km long from north to South and 1 km long from east to west. The ancient camphor forest in houlongshan extends from the head of the village to the end of the village along the north-south direction, with thousands of trees. There are more than 100 mu orchards in the village, which are distributed all over the village. The whole village is covered in green. The original ecological beauty of "village in the garden, garden in the village" is a major feature of Yanfang. The second characteristic of the village is that there are many ancient ponds and reservoirs. All the 10 reservoirs in the center of the village are connected. It plays an important role in regulating the microclimate in the village. The third characteristic of Yanfang is that there are many ancient buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. With the passage of time, more than 100 carved houses and 8 ancient ancestral temples have survived so far, which has become a rare and non renewable treasure. There are red stones, green stones and cobblestones everywhere. Each Ming and Qing ancient building has its own daily necessities such as incense table, Taishi chair, table and stool, gilt bed and furniture. The buildings are carved with dragons and painted with phoenixes. There are landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, insects and fish, eight trigrams, pavilions and couplets. Exquisite carving, exquisite workmanship, into the humanities, history, geography, architecture and other cultures. The fourth characteristic of Yanfang is that there are many gates. In addition to nearly 10 buildings destroyed during the cultural revolution, there are 13 existing buildings. Each of them is either self-contained or connected with the courtyard. The buildings are of extraordinary momentum. They all use bluestone or red stone to support the doors. On both sides are carved couplets. For example, the mountain is flat, the water is far away, the Qinghua is deep, and the clouds are deep. There are inscriptions on the lintel, such as "Shuimu Qinghua", "the word shuijue Hui", "Qingyang gorgeous color", "mountains surrounded by water". The two sides of the lintel are decorated with carved patterns, including stories of characters, auspicious animals, flowers of the four seasons, rare birds and birds. Above the lintel is a series of cornices.

Main attractions

overview

The representative houses in Yanfang ancient village are dafudi, zhousimadi, linfengyuan, sanhuaidi, etc. The gate buildings of the courtyard, such as "Shuimu Qinghua" and "Qingyang Huacai", are well built. There are plaques on the hall, couplets on the columns, calligraphy and painting in the room, wood and stone carvings on the doors and furniture. The ancient camphor and maple behind the village and the ancient well and pond in front of the village are integrated with the ancient village, which has profound Luling culture.

Twenty compound

Twenty large courtyards are located in the east of Yanfang ancient village. Most of them have been destroyed. It is a grand grand courtyard. There are 20 single buildings in the courtyard, which are arranged horizontally in three rows, with a total length of 120 meters, a width of 65 meters, and a total area of 7800 square meters. The 20 buildings are neat and uniform, with the same architectural style. They are green bricks and gray tiles, and the buttress walls are towering. It is a typical Luling architectural style. Among them, the roadway is wide and narrow, cobble paving, steps and sewers are all built by red stone, with fine workmanship. The walls of the courtyard are tall, with through windows for ventilation, and the gate is on the left, with tall archways. There are only three gates in and out of the compound. The gate and the two sides of the gate are closed. The courtyard has its own system.

Shuimumen square

Shuimu Qinghua gate is located in the south of Yanfang ancient village, with brick and stone structure, vertical screen, white filling, 9 meters wide and 8 meters high. It is a courtyard archway. On the lintel of the red stone door, there are figures and flower patterns, on the door beams, there are sculptures or colored paintings of various figures and flower patterns, and on the red stone in the middle of the square, there are four characters of Yangwen: "Shuimu Qinghua". The couplets engraved on the four round brick pillars in the light sun are no longer recognizable. "Shuimu Qinghua" is based on Xie Shuyuan's poem "you Xichi" more than 1700 years ago: Jingze songbird collection, Shuimu zhanqinghua. "Zhan" means clarification. Because there is a pond in front of the gate square, it is inscribed with the above poem as "Shuimu Qinghua". The word "Qinghua" has "Qinghua garden" in the imperial homeland of the Qing Dynasty, and "Qinghua garden" was a part of Xichun garden during the reign of Kangxi. During the reign of Daoguang, the original Xichun garden was divided into two parts: the west garden was named "Yingchun garden", and the east garden was named "Xichun garden". After emperor Xianfeng ascended the throne, he changed the name of "Xichun garden" in the east to "Qinghua garden".

Sanhuaidi

Sanhuaidi is located in the south of Yanfang ancient village, which is the Yongjing Hall of Wang's ancestral hall. The words "sanhuaidi" are all surnamed Wang, so it is the ancestral hall of Wang's surname. It was built in the late Song Dynasty, and the existing buildings were rebuilt in the early Qing Dynasty. Brick and wood structure, flat eaves with buttresses, hanging on the top of the mountain, single-layer, two wells, three doors and three entrances, with a width of 21.5 meters, a depth of 53.4 meters, and an area of 1148.1 square meters.

Dafudi

Dafudi is located in the north of Yanfang ancient village. It was built in Daoguang reign of Qing Dynasty, with a width of 16.6 meters, a depth of 12.7 meters and a construction area of 413.1 square meters. The gate of the courtyard is opened on the left, and the gate is powerful with three character regular script of "dafudi". Its biggest feature is the lotus block at the top, which is quite Buddhist. Dafudi gate is narrow, outside is a long roadway and pond. On the right side of the courtyard is the side door. The word "Shi Lu" is written on the top of the door. On the top, the door god, dragon head, lotus and other patterns are hung and carved in a hollowed out way. On the lower part, the bamboo lines are used to make the pictures of Shou and Xi. The front door of the main room is open on the central axis, and the door god is painted in gold. The hall is a large bay with eight windows in the wing rooms on both sides. The decorative contents of the circular polyester board include the story of characters, auspicious patterns such as spring, summer, autumn and winter, fortune and longevity. The sparrow in the Doufang room on the beam is replaced by a fish, which means "to be the best". A pair of exquisite lanterns are hung on both sides of the hall. Above the hall is a nanmu rectangular incense table. In front of the incense table are eight immortals table, Taishi chair and tea table.

State simadi

Located in the west of Yanfang ancient village, zhousimadi was built in the middle of Qing Dynasty. It has a wing room in the front, a study on the left in the back, and a garden in the back. There are carved wallboards in the second hall, and carved "bamiantu" wallboards on both sides. It is a unique folk house in Luling. There is a sedan chair behind the hall. There are plaques of scholars, Ciwei Yuqing and Hongyin Ningxi, caisson of "five blessings near the door" in the study, Haihan altar of swallow's nest hanging high in the hall, and tea, rice and Heavenly Master's Amulet used to ward off evil spirits. There are all kinds of gold-plated wood carvings, beautiful porcelain paintings on the walls, poems and calligraphy by Yu Shidu, a calligrapher and painter of the Qing Dynasty, and couplets inscribed with gold powder on the pillars in the hall, which are "to live in peace and contentment, to live in groups, to guard the mouth, to sit alone and to guard the heart". There is a small back garden behind the house.

Cultural relics

Yanfang ancient village survived more than 100 carved houses and eight ancient ancestral temples, which were paved with red stones, green stones and cobblestones. Each Ming and Qing ancient building has its own daily necessities such as incense table, Taishi chair, table and stool, gilt bed and furniture. The buildings are carved with dragons and painted with phoenixes. There are landscapes, figures, flowers and birds, insects and fish, eight trigrams, pavilions, couplets and so on.

There are 13 gateways in Yanfang ancient village, each of which is either self-contained or connected with the courtyard. The building momentum is extraordinary. They all use bluestone or red stone to support the door, and on both sides are carved couplets, such as: the mountain is flat, the water is far away, the Qinghua is deep, the clouds are deep, and the auspicious atmosphere is strong. There are inscriptions on the lintel, such as "Shuimu Qinghua", "the word shuijue Hui", "Qingyang gorgeous color", "mountains surrounded by water". The two sides of the lintel are decorated with carved patterns, including stories of characters, auspicious animals, flowers of the four seasons, rare birds and birds. Above the lintel is a series of cornices.

Development and construction

Infrastructure

In 2009, Yanfang ancient village began to develop ancient village tourism

Chinese PinYin : Yan Fang Gu Cun