Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve

Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province

synonym

Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve generally refers to Hunan Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve

Hunan Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve, located in Jiemuxi Township, Yuanling County, Hunan Province, was promoted to National Nature Reserve by the State Council on January 14, 2008. Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve, adjacent to Zhangjiajie and Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve, is known as "Hunan Jiuzhaigou". Located in the west of Hunan Province, "Jiemu stream" has a unique scenery. It is an all-round natural playground integrating hiking, river tracing, cave exploration, rock climbing, downhill, rafting and other outdoor activities.

Covering an area of about 32 square kilometers, the nature reserve is a rare Valley Primary Secondary Forest in China. The reserve is located in the second terrace of the transition from Yunnan Guizhou Plateau to Jiangnan hills, and the south side of Yuanshui and Lishui mountains. It is a middle low mountain branch of the South Branch of Wuling mountains extending southeast. The unique geographical distribution forms the unique natural scenery of Jiemuxi. The ravine primeval secondary forest zone in Jiemuxi National Nature Reserve is a gathering place of animals and plants in East China, South China and southwest China. It is also the most concentrated and complete "animal and Botanical Garden" in Hunan Province.

In December 2016, nanjiemuxi National Nature Reserve was approved as a national 3A scenic spot.

On December 20, 2017, it was selected into the third batch of "China forest oxygen bar".

Name source

firstly

Fengmu, the magistrate of Yongshun County, went to Changsha to take up her post. She passed by here. The terrain was tortuous, the mountains were high and the forests were dense. The sedan bearers were exhausted and could no longer walk. They fell on the side of the road. When the magistrate was in a dilemma, he thought that since her mother was weak, she could be fostered here temporarily. The scenery of this place is very beautiful - the valley is full of flowers and the golden pheasant crows. So the magistrate spent a sum of money to build a small wooden house on the hillside by the stream. After the old mother was settled, he went to Changsha to wear his black hat. The official's action was spread by the sedan chair man. For the first time, this wild land had its own name: "Jimu River". The old mother, who lives alone in the mountains, is lonely. There is a lonely Tujia man living nearby. He looks at all this in his eyes and sympathizes with his heart. He wants to worship his old mother as his godmother. On the one hand, he will do his filial duty instead of the county magistrate. On the other hand, he will have a mother himself. The old mother happily agreed, and from then on, the Tujia man did his best to take care of his mother for the rest of her life. Later generations changed the name of Jimu stream to Jiemu stream.

second

Jiemuxi, as the name suggests, is the place where the mother once gave birth to children. In the history of human marriage, there are many forms of marriage. During the farming period, in order to reproduce, there was a kind of "pawn wife system" in some remote areas. Women from outside the rivers and mountains took them to the stockade to complete the task of having children and then sent them back. The children stayed and never met. The only legacy of this "pawned wife system" is in Jiemuxi. It has a unique heterogeneous cultural connotation. The local people call the form of pawn wife as "flower", the introducer as "child guest", the woman who enters the mountain as "flower woman", and the male host as "flower". There are many local place names related to it.

geographical environment

geographical position

Jiemuxi nature reserve, which borders Guzhang and Yongshun counties in the west, is located in the key area of terrestrial biodiversity with international significance (Hunan, Guizhou, Chongqing and Hubei border area) and one of the 200 ecological areas with international significance (Wuling mountains and Xuefeng mountains) determined by WWF. It is 110 ° 19 ′ 45 ″ - 110 ° 29 ′ 16 ″ East diameter, 28 ° 45 ′ 51 ″ - 28 ° 54 ′ 04 ″ north latitude, 15.5 km long from east to west and 15 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 13041 hectares, including 5705 hectares of core area, 2045 hectares of buffer area and 5291 hectares of experimental area.

climatic conditions

The Nature Reserve belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone. The main climatic characteristics are as follows: four distinct seasons, sufficient heat, concentrated rainfall, hot and rainy season, short cold period, long summer heat period, and drought in summer and autumn. Due to the influence of the complex terrain between East and West, and the different degree of forest vegetation coverage, the climate difference is large, and the vertical three-dimensional climate change is obvious. The annual average temperature is 14.7 ℃, the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 4.1 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 25.8 ℃, the accumulated temperature through 10 ℃ is 5349 ℃, the frost free period is 263 days, the annual sunshine hours is 1280.6h, the annual sunshine percentage is 27%, the annual precipitation is 1613.8mm, and the annual average total solar radiation is 20 × 103-24.8 × 103J / cm2. The nature reserve has a pleasant climate and a long number of comfortable days per year. It is suitable for developing various eco-tourism activities and is an ideal area for summer vacation.

Vegetation status

The total forest volume of the reserve is 2.569 million cubic meters, and the forest coverage rate is 89.76%. In the territory, there are undulating mountains, towering mountains, emerald hills, deep valleys, and prominent valleys and karst landforms. Evergreen broad-leaved forest is dominant in the area, with neat forest facies and towering ancient trees. Its vegetation is the best preserved and most complete plot of limestone karst landform in Hunan Province, and it is also a typical representative of biodiversity. There are 3 natural vegetation type groups, 8 vegetation types and 9 vegetation subtypes in the area. There are 34 formations such as yellow heart nocturnal formation, Wugang oak formation and Castanopsis fissa formation. There are 206 species, 894 genera and 2368 species of vascular plants, accounting for 87.33%, 61.27% and 42.43% of vascular plant families, genera and species in Hunan Province. There are 311 species of pteridophytes belonging to 85 genera of 38 families and 28 species of gymnosperms belonging to 19 genera of 7 families.

Tourism

Natural scenery

The environment of Jiemu river is beautiful. There are "four streams", "eight Nao", "three Ya", "eighty-one mountain peak", "twenty-three mountain bays", "sixty-two gullies" and "eight cliffs" in the reserve A cliff stands in the northwest of Jiemu River, enclosing a valley with rich vegetation resources and different scenery throughout the year. The scenic spots are concentrated, and the main objects are:

1. Forest Watching: according to the research of biological experts, due to the evolution of Valley vegetation, a plant community with valley forest as the main body has been formed by the mother stream. The plant community is rich in species, ancient in origin, various in rare species and different in forest types. There are more than 460 kinds of ornamental plants, among which ferns and seed plants account for 74% and 64% respectively. A "Liana" plant that can only grow in South Africa was first discovered in Jiemuxi forest zone, which is the most popular in China.

2. Looking at the mountains: the Mu river is crisscross with valleys and pleasant climate. According to the research of geological experts, this belt is an ancient stratum, with the highest peak at 1294.6 meters above sea level. The karst landform is very developed, with a large number of peculiar solitary peaks, stone buds, stone forests, stone walls and karst caves. Limestone and dolomite form a strip of scarps. It is very natural and wild, primitive ecology and other geomorphic features, which can be compared with the stone landscape of Tianzi mountain, Jinbian River, SUOXIYU in Zhangjiajie.

3. Animal appreciation: there are a lot of rare animals living in the valley. Here we have the opportunity to see the rare and exotic animals inhabiting in the primitive secondary forest, such as the crested cuckoo falcon, the white crowned pheasant, the kite, the pangolin and so on. There are 108 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Jiemu stream. The known mammals and chicken like birds account for 36% and 45.5% of the known mammals and chicken like birds in Hunan Province, respectively.

Culture and food

Jiemuxi scenic spot is located in Jiemuxi Township, which is one of the minority areas in Yuanling County. There are simple stilted buildings, simple Tujia, Miao and other ethnic customs in the territory. Tujia people love to sing folk songs, which include love songs, marriage crying songs, hand waving songs, labor songs, pan songs, etc. In order to fully display the basic necessities of life, marriage, funeral, folk music, stories, myths and legends of ethnic minorities, the folk customs and cultures of Jiemuxi mainly include: Han Opera, Yang opera, Nuo opera, Gaoqiang opera, Chenzhou three wonders, please seven girls, dragon lantern and other folk performances, Maogusi, hand waving dance, bench dragon and other folk dances, folk songs, ditty, daliuzi, dongdongqui and so on Folk music. In particular, it is worth promoting the flower culture, which is the only cultural heritage of human wife system. In Jiemuxi, there are not only many kinds of flower culture in kind preservation, such as flower bridge, Flower Valley, flower tree, niangniangang, etc., but also the last "child guest" and the last "flower Sutra". The flower culture will spread the "flower Sutra" to the world and show the legend of "flower woman", which is of profound historical significance and great interest. There are also healthy and delicious food materials such as bacon, rice wine and natural mountain spring for tourists to taste.

Protection of ecological resources

The main protected objects of Jiemuxi nature reserve are: 1. The primary secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest in the northern sub zone of the middle subtropical zone; 2. The terrestrial ecosystem diversity of complete limestone forest vegetation; 3. The biodiversity resources represented by a large number of rare and endangered wild animals and plants.

Terrestrial ecological protection

The special Valley and karst landform of the nature reserve make it difficult to be protected

Chinese PinYin : Jie Mu Xi Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu