Huazuxi National Nature Reserve

Huazuxi National Nature Reserve

Huazhaoxi National Nature Reserve is located in Shuiwei Town, 44 kilometers north of Xuyong County, Sichuan Province, bordering Chishui City, Guizhou Province and Gulin County, Sichuan Province in the East and North, with a total area of 238.27 square kilometers. It belongs to the transition zone between the northern edge of Guizhou Mountain in Yunnan Guizhou Plateau and the low mountains and hills in the middle of Sichuan Basin. It belongs to the edge of South China ancient land and ancient Mediterranean in geological history, and has a long geological history It has a long history and ancient flora. In June 2003, it was approved as a National Nature Reserve, which is in charge of the environmental protection administrative system. The main protected objects are the subtropical primitive evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem and the nature reserve dominated by Alsophila spinulosa community and its associated rare wild animals and plants.

Historical evolution

It was listed as Sichuan Provincial Nature Reserve in 1998 and national nature and Ecological Reserve in 2003.

geographical environment

position

Huazuxi National Nature Reserve is located in Shuiwei Town, 44 kilometers north of Xuyong County, a famous historical and cultural city in Sichuan Province, bordering Chishui City in Guizhou Province and Gulin County in Sichuan Province in the East and North. It spans 105 ° 03 ′ - 105 ° 40 ′ E and 27 ° 42 ′ - 28 ° 31 ′ n.

Geology and geomorphology

The geological basis of huazuoxi National Nature Reserve is continental sedimentation. The exposed strata are Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Permian and Jurassic from Paleozoic to Mesozoic, and the Jiaguan formation of Upper Cretaceous is the main one. The formation is mainly composed of brick red sandstone intercalated with sandy mudstone. The sandstone often has flowing cross bedding, and generally develops large-scale wedge bedding with thickness of 3-5M. Moreover, on the mudstone and siltstone layers, dry cracks, rain marks and asymmetric ripple marks are relatively developed. In a word, the formation is a typical red clastic deposit of fluvial and lacustrine facies.

Huazhaoxi National Nature Reserve is located in the east of Kangdian axis and the west of southeast axis in yangzizhun platform. To the south of the reserve is the Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. To the East and west of the reserve, it belongs to the transitional zone of the mountain area around the basin (to Yunnan Plateau). To the north of the reserve, it still belongs to the transitional zone of the mountain area around the basin. To the North, the environment belongs to the Sichuan Basin, which has transitional characteristics. The geological structure belongs to the East-West structural system of Sichuan Guizhou in the Loushan arc-shaped box fold belt of the Yangtze paraplatform. From the point of view of geomechanics, it belongs to the western margin of the horseshoe shaped shield land with the shape of mountain in South Sichuan, and the Fenghuangshan syncline runs through it, and the trough is composed of Jiaguan formation. The mountain range in the area belongs to Guangmu mountain range of Loushan mountain, which originated from Sunzi mountain in Gulin county and traverses the nature reserve from east to west.

From the perspective of landform, the reserve is a huge uplift Fangshan, cut by three rivers, forming a typical Canyon, Fangshan and Danxia landform. That is, Fangshan, Chibi, Qifeng, cave, boulder and other special landforms developed from the thick red glutenite. The landforms are very characteristic. In the south, West and North, they suddenly rise from medium and shallow hills to mountains, and only the East is connected with Gulin County by mountains, thus forming a natural landform barrier that can be completely separated from the outside. The relative elevation difference from the bottom of the valley to the top of the mountain is generally 300-500 meters. The terrain is extremely complex. As it is located in the transition zone from Sichuan basin to Yunnan Guizhou Plateau, the terrain in the area gradually rises from northeast to southwest, with the maximum vertical elevation difference of more than 1430 meters. The terrain is dangerous. Danyan cliff becomes the dividing line of the reserve, which also makes the reserve rich in organisms The main reason for the integrity of the sample.

climate

The climate of huazuxi National Nature Reserve belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate zone, which is characterized by four distinct seasons, abundant heat, abundant precipitation, hot and rainy seasons, less sunshine and long frost free period. There are four types of climate: dry hot valley (below 800m), warm wet flat Hill (270 ~ 500m), warm wet low mountain (500 ~ 1000m) and cold wet middle mountain (1000 ~ 2000m).

The average annual temperature of Shuiwei Town, where huazuoxi National Nature Reserve is located, is 17.3 ℃, the average temperature of the hottest month (July) is 27 ℃, the average temperature of the coldest month (January) is 6.9 ℃, the extreme highest temperature is 41.2 ℃, the extreme lowest temperature is - 0.5 ℃, the accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is 5802 ℃, the accumulated temperature of ≥ 15 ℃ is 4900 ℃; the average annual rainfall is 1285.6 mm, the average annual relative humidity is 80%; the average annual sunshine is less than 1170 HR, and the sunshine is not enough The annual evaporation is more than 1300mm, which is greater than the annual rainfall; the frost free period is about 350 days.

hydrology

The water system of huazuoxi National Nature Reserve belongs to Chishui River and Yongning River Basin, the first tributaries of the Yangtze River. The main water systems are Shuiwei River, Dunzi River and Sancha River. Shuiwei river originates from Simi village in the district. It flows from south to north through huadraft River, to Dashi township where it joins with dunzn River, and then to Chishui City in Guizhou Province where it flows into Chishui River, with a total length of 50 km. Dunzi river originates from Guandou mountain and huangjinglaolin bordering Gulin county. From south to north, it flows through one of the two main valleys in the hinterland of the reserve, with a total length of 40 km. The riverbed of the two rivers is of riprap structure, with extremely uneven and stable cross section. The width of the river is about 40 meters. The water flow fluctuates with the uneven precipitation. However, even in the dry season, the flow of the two rivers is more than 0.5 m / s, and the average annual runoff coefficient is 0.70. Sancha River belongs to Yongning River, another tributary of the Yangtze River. It originates from hele Township, flows through the southwest corner of the reserve from east to west, cuts off yuhuangguan from the reserve, flows through houshanbeigou of yuhuangguan in the reserve, joins Yongning River in Longfeng Township, and then flows into the Yangtze River through Naxi District, with a total length of 35 km. Moreover, there are many tertiary and tertiary tributaries in the area, such as dust River and hejiagou River, which belong to the above three secondary tributaries, and most of them are distributed in east-west direction. In addition, the groundwater in the area is mainly crevice pore water of Cretaceous sandstone and red sandstone with many outcrops and abundant reserves.

soil

The parent materials of soils in huazuoxi National Nature Reserve are mainly weathering and slope deposit of Cretaceous Jiaguan formation brick red feldspar quartz sandstone. Due to the good natural vegetation and strong water permeability, the lower strata become purple yellow or yellow purple after hydration, and the parent material is acidic without carbonate reaction. The type of soil formed is purple soil, red purple soil belongs to. Due to the different topography and location, and the different hydration degree of the parent rock, four soil species are developed, including red cold sandy soil, yellow cold sandy soil, soybean surface soil and lime soil.

Protection target

Protected objects

The main protected object of baohuazuxi National Nature Reserve is the subtropical primitive mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem. Another main protected object is Alsophila spinulosa and Camellia chrysantha.

Alsophila spinulosa

Alsophila spinulosa, also known as tree fern, big flower fern and pen holder tree, is the only existing large woody fern. It is a endangered species under the first-class national protection. There are two species in huazuoxi nature reserve, namely, black Alsophila spinulosa and Alsophila spinulosa. Alsophila spinulosa is a relict plant of tertiary, which is the representative of Pteridophyte in relict plants. According to the survey, there is a large area of Alsophila spinulosa in the reserve, with a total number of more than 120000.

Camellia japonica

Camellia chrysantha belongs to Camellia sect. Of Theaceae. It is a precious and rare ornamental plant and species resource in the world. It is a national first-class key protected plant. It is known as "giant panda of plant kingdom" and "Queen of tea family".

Animal resources

Huazuxi National Nature Reserve is located in the transitional zone between the mountain areas around the basin and Yunnan Guizhou Plateau. In China's zoogeographical division, it belongs to the Oriental, Sino Indian sub boundary, and the western mountain plateau sub region of central China. In the area, the mountains are high and the forest is deep. The natural broad-leaved forest is the main part. The vegetation types are complex and diverse. The warm and cool climate and the terrain with great height difference create good conditions for wildlife to inhabit and breed.

As of 2008, there are 181 species of vertebrates in huazuoxi National Nature Reserve, belonging to 40 species of 20 families in 7 orders of Mammalia, 118 species of 32 families in 15 orders of ornitha, 5 species of 2 families in 1 order of Amphibia, and 18 species of 7 families in 2 orders of Reptilia.

There are 29 species of national key protected wildlife in huazuoxi National Nature Reserve, among which 3 species are leopard, clouded leopard and forest musk deer, and 26 species are black bear, gazelle, yellow throated mink, Silver Pheasant, red bellied horned pheasant and white bellied pheasant. It is worth mentioning that according to the distribution of bird fauna in the world, huacaoxi National Nature Reserve is an important part of the south subtropical forest special bird area. There are ten kinds of Chinese special birds, namely, grey breasted bamboo pheasant, white crested pheasant, red bellied pheasant, white bellied pheasant, collared Pycnonotus, white headed Pycnonotus, thrush, white-collar Phoenix babbler, brown headed javanica and yellow bellied tit, most of which are widely distributed It is distributed in this area and has a large number.

Among the 20 families of mammals in this region, the southern and Northern elements are mixed except for the eurythiaceae, but the southern elements are dominant, and only a few northern elements are distributed in this region. From the perspective of eco geographical fauna, it is mainly composed of subtropical forest and farmland fauna. The ecological groups of mammals are underground, semi cave, terrestrial, semi arboreal, arboreal and semi aquatic. Birds and mammals

Chinese PinYin : Hua Gao Xi Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu