Tianshan Temple

Tianshan Temple

Tianshan temple is located at the top of Tianshan Mountain, 2700 meters above sea level, 60 kilometers south of Hami City. Mount Tianshan temple, Tianshan scenery at a glance. Tianshan temple is a square building, 12 meters long and 7 meters wide, with huge wood as beams and green bricks as walls. There are four columns embedded in the walls. There are three floors above and below, and now the top has been destroyed. Tianshan temple is the throat of Beixin Road on the silk road. Its history can be traced back to the Han and Tang Dynasties. Tianshan temple has a great relationship with the history of the western regions in the Han, Tang and Qing Dynasties. There are many couplets in the original temple. It was named after the Guandi temple built on the top of Tianshan Mountain in 1786.

Historical evolution

The ancient temple was built in the Tang Dynasty at an altitude of 2700 meters. In the long historical period, it was destroyed several times, but according to historical materials and inscriptions, the ancient temple has a long history. If you want to go there, you have to follow Haba ancient road, enter nanshankou, and then follow the mountain road winding northward. About an hour later, you can reach the northern pass and see the ruins of Tianshan temple and the panoramic view of the restored Tianshan temple.

Tianshan temple is located at the top of Tianshan Mountain in the north of Hami. It was named after the Guandi temple built on the top of Tianshan Mountain in 1786. The Tianshan highway is divided into two parts: nanshankou to the South and Koumen to the north. With an altitude of more than 2700 meters, Yunding bird path has been the only way from Hami to Balikun and Yiwu since ancient times. Before the temple was built, it was called "heiganling". In 640, when Hou Junji pacified Gaochang, general Zuo tunwei and Jiang xingben, the Deputy General of the marching army, made siege equipment here, and set up a memorial tablet in Tianshan Mountain. In Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was called "kuoshituling" (Mongolian: Beiling).

Architectural features

As for the prototype of Tianshan ancestral hall in the Han and Tang Dynasties, it is hard to imagine that it can be restored because of its long history. Even if there are some remains, they can not be preserved in such a snowy mountain after such a long time. During the reign of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Hami Minister Wen Lin rebuilt the Tianshan temple at the site of the original temple and named it "Tianshan Guandi Temple". But it was not long before the temple was destroyed by war. In 1882, the Minister of Hami rebuilt the temple again in Ming Chun. The temple has a solid structure with huge wood as beam and green brick as wall. From the appearance, it looks like a square building. It's plain and unsightly. When the Tianshan temple was rebuilt, it is said that thousands of green bricks were carried to the top of the mountain by sheep one at a time, which shows the good intentions of the ancients in building the Tianshan temple.

Temple features

There are only three empty halls of brick and wood structure and a broken stele in Tianshan temple. Therefore, people today have the idea of "breaking the temple and reflecting the snow on the stele". Tianshan Road is winding, with 36 sections. Beside the road, there are high mountains and dense forests, with eagles singing and deer singing. Along the bend of Panshan mountain, we climb to the top of Tianshan temple. Suddenly, the sky opens. Overlooking the foot of the mountain, we can see the vast forest sea, the snow is shining, the moon is in the sky, the clouds are covered, and the snow is flying. Most tourists stop here to enjoy the wonderful scenery of nature.

The Tianshan highway is divided into two parts: nanshankou to the South and Koumen to the north. With an altitude of more than 2700 meters, Yunding bird path has been the only way for the eastern Tianshan Mountains, Nanyang and Beiyin since ancient times. Before the temple was built, it was called "heiganling". The original hut beside the temple contains inscriptions of Han, Tang and Qing Dynasty. Standing on the top of the mountain, you can have a panoramic view of Mount Mingsha and Balikun grassland. It's a natural and cultural tourist attraction.

Tianshan temple is located in the east of the northern mountain pass. The surrounding mountains are towering and steep, facing each other from left to right and flying into the clouds. The more upward, the closer to the snow line, so the temperature here is very low, the climate is changeable, the top of the mountain is often covered by clouds and fog, and sometimes there are wonders of flying snow in June. Visitors here will really feel the vastness and massiness of Tianshan Mountain and the depth and precipitousness of the valley. Some people can't help but wonder why the ancients built temples in such a difficult environment? In fact, many people know that Beixin Road, the silk road that opened up in the Han Dynasty and opened up in the Tang Dynasty, must cross the eastern Tianshan Mountains and travel westward. It has been an important place to pass since ancient times. Ban Chao, a famous general of the Han Dynasty, made great contributions to the battle of Xiongnu. Pei Cen, the prefect of Dunhuang, fought against Xiongnu and killed King Huyan at one stroke. Jiang xingben, a famous general of the Tang Dynasty, crossed Tianshan Mountain and entered koumenzi and songshutang to make siege equipment. Then he attacked Gaochang and won a great victory. So the ancients built a ancestral temple, built a wing room and a "Zen room" to commemorate the great victories of the soldiers in such a dangerous place, and hid the Han stone and Tang steles, so that the soldiers could avoid the wind and snow. From the stone inscriptions of Peicen's ancient stele that have been found, there is a record that "Lihai temple is used to show the world".

Folklore

In folklore, people regard these ancient steles as gods that can avoid the disaster of flood and fire, and they are protected by the masses. In Han legends, they are more mythological. Fang Shigan, a writer of letters, has such an introduction in his diary of returning to the East. The ancient stele "no one is allowed to look at it since it was built, but if you look at it, there will be wind and snow.". "In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828 AD), the leader of Ili came here to see this monument. He knelt down and begged for permission. He forced himself into the house before he could finish reading it. A strong wind suddenly blew up, sand was blown and stones were removed. He drove his horse down the mountain, 70 Li to Guandian, and the snow was heavy for four days and nights. There were more than Zhang deep and countless horses were crushed to death. The road was blocked and the documents were isolated for several days. Oh, it's impossible. " Xiao Xiong, a famous poet, once wrote in his poem "Tianshan stele" that "in the year of the Tang Dynasty, you can see the great achievements again. When you climb the mountain, you can see the wind and snow all over the sky." The ancient people's deification of wind and snow in Tianshan Temple undoubtedly added a lot of legendary color to the scenic spot of Tianshan temple.

Circulating joint amount

In the hall of Tianshan temple, there were many "couplets". According to Fang Shigan's "Diary of returning to the East" written in 1828, a scholar who followed Yang Yuchun, governor of Gansu Province, to fight against the rebellion in Junggar, Xinjiang, it is said that "the couplets are most appropriately inscribed by Xu Song, a famous geographer.". The first couplet is "he Zhai shakes the Tianshan Mountains, passes thousands of Li Che Shu, where is Zhang Ying Yue Lei" and the second couplet is "Yin Ling Sen Mi Dian, full of ice and snow for thousands of years, including Han Shi Tang stele". At that time, there were Peicen stele of Han Dynasty, jiangxingben stele of Tang Dynasty and Fuqun stele of Qing Dynasty in the wing room beside Tianshan temple. Later, these ancient monuments were successively removed and stored in the cultural relic departments at all levels. However, the rumors of these ancient steles are still popular among the people.

According to Fang Shigan's Diary of Dongzhuang, there are many couplets in the temple, one of which is inscribed by Xu Song of Qing Dynasty

He Zhuo shakes the Tianshan Mountains and connects with thousands of Li Che Shu. Where is Zhang Ying's Yuelei?

The secret Hall of yinlingsen is full of ice and snow for thousands of years. There are stone steles of Han Dynasty and Tang Dynasty in it.

The most appropriate way out of the temple's historical status and characteristics. This area is a summer pasture of alpine meadow. From the top of the mountain, you can have a panoramic view of the mountain road, Mingsha mountain and Barkol grassland.

Tianshan temple is the only temple located at the top of Tianshan Mountain with an altitude of nearly 3000 meters. The terrain is isolated and high, and the climate is changing rapidly. Snow is common in June. Overlooking the nine and eighteen bends of Panshan Road, lush pine forest, white snow mountain, green grassland and curling smoke, you can have a panoramic view and feel relaxed and happy.

Other related

As a matter of fact, Tianshan temple is located in a specific high-altitude geographical environment. The climate is changeable. It's hard to predict whether it's sunny or cloudy. It's windy and snowy all the time. It is just a coincidence that the ancients deified this natural phenomenon. However, it is undeniable that this deification has played a certain role in the protection of Han stone and Tang stele in a sense.

In 1931, during the war against Barkol, Ma Zhongying said that when he passed the Tianshan temple, his subordinates could not stand the wind and cold on the top of the mountain, so they destroyed half of the rebuilt Tianshan temple and removed the beams and columns for heating. At the beginning of the liberation, there were only incomplete walls left in the three story temple.

In the era of reform and opening up, Hami man-made development of tourism resources, and did not ignore this long history, with the first temple of the Tianshan Mountain reputation. In the idea of neither advocating artificial landscape, but also can make the ancient temple to continue, not forgotten by future generations, the relevant departments used the middle ancient temple shape, rebuilt the Tianshan temple, so that this mountain temple culture re show the world.

Address: top of Tianshan Mountain, near 203 provincial road, baishitou scenic spot, Hami City, Hami Area

Longitude: 93.667984008789

Latitude: 43.310195922852

Ticket information: no ticket required. Included in the ticket of white stone scenic spot. White stone ticket: 8 yuan.

Chinese PinYin : Tian Shan Miao