Baoxie Road

Baoxie Road

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Baoxie Road, an ancient mountain road through Qinling Mountains. Baoxie road starts from baogukou (near Dazhong temple in Hanzhong City) in the South and ends at xiegukou (Xieyu pass in Meixian County) in the north. It runs along the two rivers of Baoxie and runs through the two valleys of Baoxie. Therefore, it is also called xiegu road. It is the trunk road of ancient Bashu to Qinchuan, with a total length of 249 km.

In Chinese history, Baoxie road was excavated early, large-scale and used for a long time. Plank road began in Qin Dynasty. In 314 BC (the 11th year of gengyuan reign of King Huiwen of Qin Dynasty), Zhang Yi and Sima CuO were sent by Qin Dynasty to invade Shu. The army passed through this road. The original Valley Road had been built into a plank road which could pass through the army and supplies. Since then, Baoxie plank road has always been a necessary way for the north and South soldiers to fight for military and economic and cultural exchanges. "Historical records · biography of cargo colonization" records: "plank road thousands of miles, omnipotent, only the mouth of the hub.". At that time, it was already a "business travel joint" with hidden exhibition, crisscross crown and belt, and square shafts connecting with each other ". The rich materials of Shuhan were continuously transported to Guanzhong, and the developed culture in Sanfu area of Chang'an spread to Shuhan, which developed the economic trade and cultural exchanges between the north and the south.

In 1961, it was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China. Shimen Reservoir was built in 1969, and the stone carvings of Shimen in Baoxie road were moved to the city museum for display and protection. In 1975, the reservoir dam impounded water according to the designed high water level, and the stone gate of plank road, jiangjunpu, baosipu, cliff of plank road Pingge (namely "eight steles") and relics of plank road were submerged in the reservoir.

Development history

Baoxie road was opened up in prehistoric period. The records of Huayang state quoted the records of Shu as saying that it originated from the three emperors and five emperors. According to the notes of Fang Yu who read history, "the way to praise and incline is that of Xia Yu.". The oracle bone inscriptions unearthed in Zhouyuan are recorded by King Wen of Zhouyuan. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, you wang conquered Baoguo and got Baosi, a beautiful woman. According to oracle bone inscriptions, although King Wen of Zhou did not specify the specific route of "conquering Shu", the entrance of Baoxie road was to the south of Zhouyuan. Therefore, King Wen of Zhou, like king you of Zhou, marched to southern Shaanxi through Baoxie road. In the spring and Autumn period, "Qin Wen, (filial piety), Miao Juyong, the goods of Xielong and Shu, and Duojia" (historical records · biography of goods colonization), there were many trade exchanges between Qin and Shu through Baoxie road. During the reign of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty (306-251 BC), the Valley Road of Baoxie road was chiseled into a plank road, making it "a plank road with thousands of miles leading to the Shu Han Dynasty, which made the whole world afraid of Qin Dynasty", and becoming a main traffic road between Qin and Shu in the Warring States period.

Baoxie road is a road from Chang'an through the Qinling Mountains to southern Shaanxi and Sichuan. Because the north entrance is at xiegu entrance of Meixian County and the south exit is at Baogu of Hanzhong County, it is called Baoxie road. In ancient times, from Chang'an to Hanzhong, they first entered xiegu and then Baogu, so they are also called xiegu road.

Xieshui River (now known as Shitouhe River) originates from the west side of Taibai County, flows northward through Wulipo, Taibai County, and flows into Weishui river through xiegukou in the northeast. Baoshui originates from the southern foot of Qinling Mountains and has many sources in Taibai county. The easternmost source is located in Xigou and Tangkou Street on the west side of Wulipo. The Wuli slope adjacent to the two rivers is a gentle slope about five or six li long. If you cross this gentle slope, you can connect the xiegu and Baogu. Therefore, Baoxie road is actually a valley with two entrances. Although it passes through Qinling Mountains, it doesn't have to cross mountains. As far as the general trend is concerned, Baoxie road is the Valley Road of the Qinling Mountains. However, the southern section of Baogu gorge on his way is deep and steep, and the cliffs are flying in the air. In the preface to the inscription on the plank road, Ouyang Zhan of Tang Dynasty described the cliffs as extremely dangerous, "even high and deep", "the poor valley of Yinxi River, with ten thousand feet straight down, the cliffs cut off, and there is no soil for thousands of miles The elk has nothing to look at, the ape and the oyster face each other, and the hoof and foot can not be crossed.

Before the plank road was built, Baoxie road was only a Valley Road. The most dangerous part of Baoxie road had to climb. It was hard and indescribable. During the Warring States period, fan Sui, the envoy of King Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty, was the prime minister. He took the cave mountain as the hole, inserted wood as the beam, and paved wood as the stack pavilion to connect the road. After that, Baoxie road became the post road.

In Qin and Han Dynasties, Baoxie road was the main post road from Xianyang or Chang'an to southern Shaanxi and Sichuan. The route is as follows: Chang'an passes Huxian, Zhouzhi and Meixian in the west, xiegukou in the southwest, xieshui in the East, yingwuzui and Xiasiwan in the south, Laoyeling (ancient baliban), taochuan Valley in the middle reaches of xieshui, lingdanmiao and dujiaping in the west, Wulipo (ancient wuliling) in the upper reaches of Hongyan River, one of the sources of Baoshui Taibai county is located in zuitou town), and then turn southwest, pass Lianghekou, Guanshan Street (guhechiguan), shangbaiyun, xiabaiyun, Shiji street, Gaoqiao, Wangjialing, zheliyuan, to xijiangkou town (near Sanjiaocheng in ancient times), pass kongtai, xiananhe, wuxiutan, Madao Town, baosipu, pass Shimen or cross qipanling to get out of Baogu Then through Baocheng to Hanzhong.

Since the plank road was built in the reign of emperor Zhaoxiang of Qin Dynasty, Baoxie road has been blocked for many times due to man-made damage and natural reasons, repaired for many times, and the route has changed a lot.

At the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang was granted Hanzhong by Xiang Yu. Liu Bang, in order to confuse Xiang Yu and show that he has no intention of returning home, "burning off the plank road he passed, shows that there is no heart in the world", and once the Baoxie road was cut off.

During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he worshipped Zhang ang as the guard of Hanzhong, and sent tens of thousands of people to praise him for more than 500 li of the slant road. According to "Ode to Yinge Pavilion", he chiseled stones from the cliff, placed a stable pillar, and was close to the deep abyss, more than 300 Zhang, connected with trees, and named Wanzhu.

From the sixth year of Yongping (A.D. 63) to the ninth year of Yongping (A.D. 66) and the fourth year of Yanguang (A.D. 125).

During the period of the Three Kingdoms, Wei and Shu fought against each other, and the Baoxie road was once cut off, but there were four major repairs. The first time was in the sixth year of Jianxing (228 A.D.), when the generals Deng Zhi and Zhao Yun refused Wei and burned the cliff plank road on chiya. After that, Zhuge Liang organized human resources to repair it. The second time was in the fourth year of Wei Taihe (AD 230), "Cao Zhen conquered Shu, merged several roads, and went deep into the danger", "dug the road forward The soldiers know how to do it. For the third time, in 234 A.D., Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan for six years, practiced Taoism and ruled xiegu Di Ge. For the fourth time, in the fourth year of Wei Jingyuan (263 AD), Wei general Li Bao "put 2000 Chinese soldiers and stone carpenters into the attic road". In the Three Kingdoms period, the Baoxie plank road was changed into "a thousand beams without pillars" because Zhuge Liang suffered from floods.

From the first year of Taishi (A.D. 270) to the first year of Taikang (A.D. 280) in the Western Jin Dynasty, Baoxie road was also repaired twice. Later, according to Shimen Ming: "since the Jin family moved to the south, Si Dao was abandoned.".

Since the Northern Wei Dynasty, the route of Bao ramp has changed many times.

In 507 ad, the plank road from HUICHE to Baogu was repaired. The new line of return road changes the northern section of Baoxie road to the northern section of Chencang old road in the north, and then to zibaishan and ziguanling in the south to return, and then to the southern section of Baoxie road in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Its route is roughly equivalent to Lianyun plank road line and today's Bao (Ji) Han (Zhong) road line after Yuan Dynasty.

In the early Tang Dynasty, the old Baoxie road was still popular, but it was not a post road. After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Baoxie road had already left the old line and was running on Chencang road between Baoji, Sanguan and Fengzhou. In 826 A.D., Pei duzou, the governor of Xingyuan, repaired Baoxie Road, which was still along the old line of Baoxie road in Qin and Han Dynasties. However, from Taibai River in the northeast of xijiangkou to zuitou town in Taibai County, a more convenient route was chosen, that is, from zuitou town to the south, through fangcaiguan, jiangjiafen, lujiaya, Mofanggou, down the Taibai River, to Tianbazi, and then to Liuba county Through Sangyuanba to Jiangkou and Baoxie old road, this is Taibaishan road in Yuanhe county records. Today, there are still traces of trestle holes in the area from goujiahe to Wangjiazhuang in taibaihe township.

In the fourth year of Kaicheng in Tang Dynasty (839 AD), Guirong, the Jiedu envoy of Shannan Xidao, repaired the Qin Shu passage, which reached Sanguan in the north and Jianmen in the south, and chiseled the plank road for more than 1000 Li to connect the post road. The route of the northern section of the post road is Chencang old road between Baoji, Sanguan and Fengzhou, the return road from Fengzhou to wuxiutan in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and the old line of Baoxie road in the Qin and Han Dynasties to the south of wuxiutan.

In 849 ad, Zheng ya, the governor of Dongchuan, and Li Xun, the governor of Fengxiang, played the role of Xiuwen Chuangu road. The route is: to the north of xijiangkou, follow the old Baoxie road of Qin and Han Dynasties, and to the south, open a new road. That is to say, from the Shangnan River in Liuba county to Wenchuan town in Chenggu County, and from the southwest to Hanzhong. Although Wenchuan road is near, it is steep and difficult to walk. It was destroyed by rainstorm in a few years. Later, he changed the Baoxie new road built by Guirong to the post road, which was later called Lianyun plank road.

Since the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, xiegu Road (Lianyun plank road) in Tang Dynasty has been used as the great post road to Shu. In 1664, Jia Hanfu, governor of Shaanxi Province, made the last large-scale renovation of Tang Bao ramp. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Baoxie road in Qin and Han Dynasties was in disrepair for many years, and the southern section of Baoxie road was blocked. However, from Chenggu to Xiaohekou in the north, through xijiangkou, and along Baoxie road in Qin and Han Dynasties, there was still an intermediate road connecting Meixian County. This road is roughly the same as Wenchuan road in Tang Dynasty.

Location trend

Baoxie road is a Valley Road formed by two river valleys, xieshui River (now known as Shitouhe River), a tributary of Weihe River, and Baoshui River (Baohe River), a tributary of Hanshui River. Xieyukou is located in the south of Meixian County, and baogukou is located in the north of Baocheng city in Hanzhong City. In ancient times, from Chang'an to Hanzhong, they entered xiegu first

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