Hongze Lake levee

Hongze Lake levee

Hongze Lake dike, also known as "gaojiayan", "gaojiachangdi" and "gaojiayan", was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty and located in Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province. It is a large-scale dike project to prevent the Huaihe River from forming Hongze Lake.

Hongze Lake levee starts from dock town of Huaiyin District in the north and ends at jiangba town of Hongze District in the south. Hongze Lake levee has uniform structural specifications and fine construction, which shows the superb skills of water conservancy construction in ancient China. Hongze Lake levee is not only a project for the ancestors to comprehensively harness the Yellow River, Huaihe River and canal systems. It is also a historical relic and water control monument for cultural research and tourism development.

On May 25, 2006, Hongze Lake levee was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

Historical evolution

In the fifth year of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (200), Chen Deng built a weir to prevent the Huaihe River.

In the first year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1403), Chen Gong presided over the reconstruction of the dike.

In 1570, the Huaihe river burst, and Wang Zongmu presided over the reconstruction.

In the third year of Wanli (1575), the dike of Hongze Lake was destroyed by the breach of Huaihe River.

In 1578, pan Jixun rebuilt the dike of Hongze Lake.

Since the 8th year of Wanli (1580), the dike of Hongze Lake has been changed into stone dike.

In 1781, the embankment of Hongze Lake was completed.

In 1864, Wu Tang, the governor of water transportation, was stationed in Jiangpu of Qing Dynasty. In order to prevent Nien army, he asked the court to demolish a section of masonry wall at the north end of gaojiayan for the purpose of building Qingjiang city. Qingjiang city was started in the spring of that year and completed in the autumn of the next year. A total of 4.5 kilometers were removed.

During the period of the Republic of China (1912-1949), stone workers in gaojiayan area were stolen and damaged.

In 1958, due to the construction of Liutang river underground culvert of Huaishu River, with the approval of Huaiyin Commissioner's office, 17.4 km long masonry wall from toubao to Shibao was demolished, and the stone was taken for Liutang river underground culvert.

From 1966 to 1968, the section from GaoLiangJian to jiangba was reconstructed and reinforced, and another 24 km was demolished.

In the 1980s, only 13.79 km of facing water stonework and 800 m of Zhouqiao embankment were left on the Hongze Lake embankment. Except for a few sections, most of the Hongze Lake embankment has been changed into the slope protection of block stone and strip stone.

Architectural features

structure

Hongze Lake levee is located in Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province. It starts from dock town of Huaiyin District in the north and ends at jiangba town of Hongze District in the south. All the levees block the Huaihe River from flowing eastward to the sea of people. It accumulates in the west of the weir and forms Hongze Lake (plain reservoir). It is a large-scale levee project that blocks the Huaihe River from forming Hongze Lake. The levee is 67.26 km long and faces the lake with stonework. The levee is 3-9 meters high, 50-150 meters wide at the bottom and 10-30 meters wide at the top. It has 108 bends and uses more than 60000 pieces of Qianjin Tiaoshi. It is the main barrier for flood prevention in Huai'an, Yangzhou and Lixiahe areas in Northern Jiangsu Province. There are Sanhe Sluice at the south end of the dike and renjiang waterway of Huaihe River at the bottom; GaoLiangJian sluice, Subei irrigation canal, Erhe sluice and Renhai waterway of Huaihe River at the north, which can regulate the water level of Hongze Lake and discharge the flood of Huaihe River into Yangtze River and Yellow Sea.

characteristic

Hongze Lake levee has uniform structural specifications and fine construction, which shows the superb skills of water conservancy construction in ancient China. Hongze Lake levee is a product of water control in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is closely related to ancient flood control, water supply, shipping, military, economic and social development.

Cultural relics

Zhouqiao Datang

Zhouqiao Datang is located 45 kilometers away from the Hongze Lake levee. It was formed in 1824 when the Hongze Lake levee burst. The imperial court ordered Lin Zexu to come to the scene for command. In the 10th year of Daoguang, the inner dike with a height of 8 meters, a top width of 33 meters and a length of 737 meters was built, and the protective wall was built with stones. It is the most complete preserved masonry wall of Hongze Lake dike. Because the shape of the moon, also known as the "Moon Lake.".

Kowloon Bay

Jiulongwan is 54 kilometers away from Hongze Lake levee. It is said that nine dragons often paddle in the water, which leads to frequent breakdowns of the levee and brings disaster to the people. In order to pray for eternal peace and tranquility, a Jiulong temple was built here for worshiping incense, which was later destroyed due to disrepair. The vertical masonry wall built here is the original appearance of Hongze Lake levee.

Zhihuai stele

Located 45 kilometers away from the Hongze Lake levee, the Zhihuai stele is engraved with a five character inscription on water control inscribed by Qianlong, originally standing at Wulipai. During the "breaking the four old" period of the cultural revolution, Qianlong's inscriptions were obliterated and inscribed with Mao Zedong's autograph "we must repair the Huaihe River".

Xinba site

Xinba site is located 50.6km away from Hongze Lake levee. It was built in 1832. The width of the dam is 200m. The diamond walls on both sides run through the levee. There are at least 37 reducing dams on the Hongze Lake levee in the history of more than 1800 years. In the Qing Dynasty, there were five reducing dams on the Hongze Lake levee, which were named after benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith of Confucian "Wuchang", so they are also called "shangwuba", only Xinba is well preserved.

Research value

The construction of Hongze Lake levee was originally for flood control in the lower reaches. Its development and expansion was the result of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in order to maintain the normal operation of the imperial finance and ensure the smooth water transportation of the canal. The development and utilization of Hongze lake reflects the thought of water control in ancient and modern China and its enduring benefits.

Hongze Lake levee is not only a project for the ancestors to comprehensively harness the Yellow River, Huaihe River and canal systems. It is also a historical relic and water control monument for cultural research and tourism development. After maintenance, the Hongze Lake levee still plays an important role in protecting more than 200000 square kilometers of cultivated land, more than 20 million people's lives and property, and flood control safety of more than 10 small and medium-sized cities in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River.

protective measures

In 2002, Hongze Lake levee was declared as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by Jiangsu provincial government.

On May 25, 2006, Hongze Lake levee was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council of the people's Republic of China.

History and culture

Hongze Lake levee has rich historical and cultural heritage. Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to the treatment and protection of the levee. They made six southern tours and 12 visits to Qingkou (the outlet of Hongze Lake) to visit the Tianfei gate, inspect the river affairs and instruct the river officials. On the levee of Hongze Lake, 40 imperial inscriptions were left. The emperors of the two dynasties paid attention to water control and came to the scene in person, leaving many achievements and inscriptions.

Tourism information

address

X207, Hongze District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province.

traffic

Take Huaihong bus rapid transit from Huaian north station to Hongze Lake embankment.

Address: Huai'an City (from dock town of Huaiyin District in the north to jiangba town of Hongze County in the South)

Longitude: 118.812345

Latitude: 33.223939

Chinese PinYin : Hong Ze Hu Da Di