Heihe River basin nature reserve

Heihe River basin nature reserve

Heihe River basin nature reserve is located 12.5km northwest of Zhangye, Gansu Province. It is 15 kilometers long from north to South and 10 kilometers long from east to west. It is an ancient cultural site of the Neolithic age and a provincial cultural relic protection unit. There are tombs of Han Dynasty in the reserve, about 4 square kilometers. The main protected objects are migratory birds and their natural ecosystems. There are many artificial forests and sand plants in the area. Wild animals are mainly birds, known to have 47 species of 28 families, national first and second level key protection are black stork, swan, cygnet, kite, kestrel and so on.

Basic introduction

Heihe River basin nature reserve is located in Gaotai County, Gansu Province, east longitude 99 ° 23 ′ - 100 ° 06 ′, North longitude 99 ° 23 ′ - 100 ° 06 ′

Latitude 39 ° 15 ′ - 39 ° 49 ′, area 48.53 square kilometers. In the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, the terrain is gentle, the water source is sufficient, and there are many reservoirs, which make it an ideal breeding and wintering place for birds. The main protected objects are migratory birds and their natural ecosystems. There are many artificial forests and sand plants in the area. Wild animals are mainly birds, known to have 47 species of 28 families, national first and second level key protection are black stork, swan, cygnet, kite, kestrel and so on.

Located 12.5km northwest of Zhangye, Gansu Province. It is 15 kilometers long from north to South and 10 kilometers long from east to west. It is a Neolithic ancient cultural site and a provincial cultural relic protection unit. There are Han Dynasty Tombs in the site, about 4 square kilometers. Most of the tombs have been buried in the sand, and most of those not buried in the desert have been stolen before liberation.

Underground ancient city

In 1956, the national geological survey team carried out an investigation and found that there was an ancient city under the site. It is said that before the Western Han Dynasty, Xiongnu immigrated here and designated Xinjiang as the capital of xiaoyueshi. Because the local people called Xiongnu "black Xiongnu", it was called "Heishui state". According to Du's general Canon quoted from the book of diseases of prefectures and states in the world, it is located in the ancient city of Zhangye in the Han Dynasty. According to the annals of Ganzhou Prefecture, it was called gongbiyi in Tang Dynasty, Xicheng post in Yuan Dynasty and xiaoshahe post in Ming Dynasty. Local people call it "old Ganzhou" or "Heishui state". "Disturbing the new record of Cheng" contains: "in the Sui Dynasty, Han Shilong guarded the Heishui state, where there were four ancient fortresses, which were covered by wind and sand one night after he left.".

On the north and south sides of the Han tombs, there are two ancient castles with the same shape and square plane. The South castle is 248 meters long from east to west and 222 meters wide from north to south. It opens in the East and adds an urn. The door is 7 meters wide, the wall is 4.6 meters thick, and the rammed earth is 0.15 meters thick. There are no buildings in the castle. There are a lot of bricks and tiles on the ground surface, and stones and other objects are also found. The distance between the North Castle and the South castle is about 1 km. It is 245 meters long from east to west and 220 meters wide from north to south. The door is opened in the South and is about 4 meters wide. The southwest corner of the city wall is built with earth platform, which is square and 7.5 meters long on each side. The North Castle has been buried in quicksand.

The ruins of Heishui state were attacked by wind and sand, but also by man-made destruction. Before liberation, Han Qigong, commander of the garrison, sent troops to excavate and plunder, leaving few precious cultural relics, which is the most prominent example of man-made destruction.

River system

Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river in Northwest China. It originates from the northern foot of Qilian Mountain. It is bounded by Qilian Mountain in the south, the people's Republic of Mongolia in the north, Shiyang River Basin in the East, Shule River Basin in the west, Juyanhai in Ejina Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the north, and the people's Republic of Mongolia in the north, Between 37 ° 50 and 42 ° 40 north latitude, it covers three provinces (autonomous regions) of Qinghai, Gansu and Inner Mongolia, with a total land area of 14 and 29 square kilometers, including 60000 and 180000 square kilometers in Gansu Province, 104000 square kilometers in Qinghai Province and 70700 square kilometers in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There are 35 small tributaries in Heihe River Basin. With the increase of water consumption, some tributaries gradually lose the surface hydraulic connection with the main stream, forming three independent sub water systems in the East, middle and West. Among them, the Western sub water system includes Taolai River and Hongshui River, which belong to Jinta basin, covering an area of 20000-10000 square kilometers; the central sub water system includes Maying River and fengle River, which belong to Gaotai Yanchi Minghua basin, covering an area of 60000-60000 square kilometers; the eastern sub water system is the main stream of Heihe River, including the main stream of Heihe River, Liyuan River and more than 20 small tributaries along the mountain, covering an area of 110000-60000 square kilometers .

Characteristics and customs

a shadow puppet

Shadow puppet is a unique folk art in China, which has been popular from the Western Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty. It is said that shadow play originated in the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Hanwu died, his favorite concubine, Mrs. Li, thought she was ill. There was a man named Shaoweng in the palace. He cut plain paper into Li's figure and projected the tent in front of the lamp. Emperor Wu seemed to see Li's figure, and his illness gradually improved. This is the rudiment of shadow play. Later, it gradually developed into painting and carving, and then changed from paper to leather, coupled with music and singing, and gradually became a shadow play. Due to the limitation of materials, it is very difficult to preserve, so there are not many ancient shadows handed down to the present age. The shadow puppets made in Xiaoman area of Shangzhai, Zhangye, are made of cow hide or donkey skin and carved into various vivid and vivid dramatic characters, which win people's love. The shadow puppets in Zhangye at that time had the characteristics of simple modeling and exaggerated patterns. In addition to performing in drama, it is also an interesting decoration and art appreciation. On New Year's festivals and festive days, shadow puppet troupes are invited to sing. 3、 In the mid-1940s, there were more than 70 original plays and more than 100 eclectic plays in Zhangye shadow play, many of which were created exclusively by individuals, and the content was gradually improved.

Stilts

Stilts is one of the Han folk dance forms, popular in many areas of China, performers dressed up as a variety of characters, holding props, feet on stilts (more than one meter high, 30 or 40 cm low) according to certain rules, certain routines, or line or walk, or perform or sing, giving people a dynamic artistic enjoyment. Stilts have a long history, which was recorded in Lie Zi Shuo Fu written by lie yukou many years ago in the Warring States period. With the passage of time, not only its performing arts have been greatly improved, but also its artistic structure has been perfected, becoming a popular activity in temple festivals. Stilts are not limited to form and have many kinds. They often appear after Yangko, dry boat and zhuma'er performances. They are also equipped with some clowns, who are ugly and strange. They perform funny and humorous performances. They show the character and create a festive atmosphere by making fun and playing. Stilts have appeared in the Yangko performances of villages, stockaded villages and castles in Zhangye since the year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1862-1874 AD). Although the clowns in stilts are a subsidiary part of the Yangko collective dance team, they show interesting folklore and reflect the social reality and people's ideological interest in a certain historical period. For example, the common clowns manpo Manhan, Zhanggong carrying zhangpo and the big head monk Xi nicui show the people's praise for those who benefit the public, drive away disease and evil, and praise those who are reasonable and kind to others. Most of these clowns' performances are not restricted by the rhythm of Yangko, they are free to intersperse in the front and back of the Yangko queue, improvise, flirt and amuse, and introduce laughter, which makes the Yangko performance atmosphere more intense.

hydrographic features

The spatiotemporal distribution of surface water system in the basin mainly depends on the spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric precipitation and snowmelt water in Qilian Mountains, as well as the vertical zonation of Hydrometeorology and underlying surface conditions in Qilian Mountains. Generally speaking, the annual distribution of surface runoff in mountainous areas is basically consistent with precipitation process and high temperature season. Runoff and precipitation are concentrated in warm season. In spring, it is mainly supplied by ice and snow melt water and groundwater, and in summer and autumn, it is mainly supplied by precipitation, which has the characteristics of spring flood, summer flood, autumn flat and winter dry. Influenced by temperature and forest vegetation, the runoff of Heihe River accounts for 19.73% of the total annual runoff in winter and spring dry season (October to March). Precipitation is stored in solid form, accounting for 5-10% of annual precipitation. At this time, the surface water is mainly composed of two parts, one is from bedrock fissure water, the other is the water stored in the forest vegetation in the summer and autumn of the current year or the previous year, and the loose slope sediments above the forest distribution line move down to the forest (according to Fu Huien et al.).

At the end of spring and the beginning of summer, with the increase of temperature, the surface runoff increased, accounting for 24.55% of the total annual runoff. During the rainy season (July to September), the precipitation increased, and the glacier melt water was large, with the surface runoff reaching 55.71%. From March to may, the middle reaches of the Heihe River entered the peak of spring irrigation, which coincided with the dry season of the river. The Heihe River discharged very little, even the river bed stopped flowing. Therefore, the surface runoff below Zhengyi gorge was at the lowest value in the year, and the river began to increase in June In October, with the decrease of winter irrigation and precipitation, the river flow decreased again and reached the lowest value in November. The non-agricultural water use season was from December to next March. The water consumption in the middle reaches decreased, the groundwater (spring) supply was stable, and the river flow was stable. The annual distribution of water quantity in the lower reaches of Heihe River has been completely controlled by human dust. The annual inner diameter flow changes as follows: the river water is cut off from May to June, runoff occurs after July until the summer flood in September, the temperature drops after November, the river water is frozen, the incoming water in the middle reaches is reduced, until the end of February of the next year begins to thaw, and the spring flood occurs from March to April.

Topographical features

Chinese PinYin : Hei He Liu Yu Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu