Chakpori

Chakpori

Yaowang mountain is located 1.5km to the east of Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province. Its original name is Wutai Mountain. It was named after Sun Simiao, a famous medical scientist in Tang Dynasty, who lived in seclusion for a long time and was honored as "king of medicine" by the people. The mountain area is rich in forest resources and beautiful environment. The temples and palaces built in the past dynasties made Yaowang mountain a famous holy land of Yizong.

Yaowang mountain stone carvings are all over the mountain, rich and colorful. It is the place where the most statues of the Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties are preserved in China. In 1961, it was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit. 2018 was shortlisted in the list of "100 wonders of Northwest China".

Yu Youren, a famous modern Chinese revolutionist, calligrapher and poet, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, a master of architecture, came to Yaowang temple to affirm the architecture and stone carving art of Yaowang mountain.

Name evolution

According to song minqiu's Chang'an annals, Yaowang mountain was called fengkong mountain in ancient times, "in the East Wuli of Huayuan County.". "Wutai Mountain" says: "the stone can be a chime, percussion of the sonorous sound of jade, so a chime Yushan.". According to Qiao shining's Yaozhou annals, geography annals, "a stone comes out of the mountain, and a chime is taken from the treasures of the Tang Dynasty. After that, the music of the suburban temple was abandoned In the Northern Song Dynasty, Mount Wutai had five peaks with a flat top, and was renamed Mount Wutai. Each of them has its own proper name: Ruiying in the East, Qiyun in the south, Shengxian in the west, Xianhua in the north and Qitian in the middle. In the Qing Dynasty, it was different from the southern Wutai of Chang'an, also known as the northern Wutai. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Wu Zhen, a scholar of Yaozhou, wrote a Fu on the northern Wutai Mountain, which was recorded in the continuation of Yaozhou annals.

Yaowang mountain is a folk name, because Sun Simiao retired here in his later years, and the people respected him as Yaowang. In 1899, this name was officially recorded in the map of Shaanxi Province, thus replacing the old name of Wutai Mountain.

Location context

Yaowang mountain, 1.5km east of Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province. It belongs to the end of Baojian mountain, the South Branch of Ziwuling. The mountain is located in the marine strata. It is an Ordovician limestone mountain formed by Caledonian movement in the early Paleozoic. According to the old records, Yaowang mountain "extends to luotuonian in the East, qishuipan in the west, Gouyan in the South and yishijian in the north", with a total area of 2.5 square kilometers.

Main peaks

Yaowang mountain has five platforms (peaks), Ruiying in the East, Shengxian in the west, Qiyun in the south, Xianhua in the north and Qitian in the middle. The five peaks stand in a circle, high and low. There is a gap between Xianhua platform (beidong) and other platforms, which is connected by Tongyuan and Yuxian bridges. The mountains are full of ancient cypresses, fragrant herbs, deep ravines and magnificent palaces. From afar, the clouds and trees are gloomy, the pavilion is ethereal, if far, if near, if broken, if connected. The five peaks are finger shaped, with a rounded top and a relative height of 132 meters, which is typical of the northern hills and valleys.

natural resources

In Yaowang mountain, the rocks are mostly high-quality limestone, with marine gastropods and brachiopods. Among them, Qingshi, known as Qing jade, is a high-grade stone carving and building material, and an ideal raw material for manufacturing high-grade cement. Today, the tablet of "Eight Immortals singing in drinking" in the hall of the king of medicine is carved with jade. According to the local products of Chang'an annals compiled by Lei, the original Chinese medicine is peony, red stone, porcelain and original Chinese stone Huayuan stone is Qing jade.

There are more than 800 Mu forest land and more than 10000 ancient cypresses on the mountain, which is the largest lateral Berlin base in Yaoxian county. Wild Chinese herbal medicine is also very rich, there are 104 families, 229 species, accounting for more than 70% of the county's medicinal species. Today, Yaowang mountain has vast forests, fragrant herbs everywhere, quiet valley and pleasant scenery.

After liberation, due to the continuous development of cement and quarrying industry, the total area has been reduced to 1.23 square kilometers, reaching the front cave of sunyuan Township stone plant in the East, the second mining area of clay mine of Yaoxian cement plant in the west, the bottom of ditch of Xinyao cement plant in the South and the Bank of Nonggeng road in the north.

Cultural achievements

"Huayuan Fengtu Ci" says: "a thousand ancient cypresses make a pile of emerald trees, and the east of the city is as good as floating air. If it's not about Huang and Bai's rise, the victory will not be as good as that of beiwutai. ". Tian Han's poem says: "on the cliff, under the palace wall, the theater, on the south of the mountain, on the north of the mountain. Thousands of people live with Qianjin prescription, and Xiao and Gu worship the king of medicine every year. The five peaks of Yaowang mountain are arched, high and low at random. Except for xianhuatai in the north, the other peaks are in the south. Between the north and the south, the gully is interrupted, and the Tongyuan bridge and Yuxian bridge are connected, showing the integrity and beauty of the mountain. "When you climb a mountain, you may go up or down, you may go back or straight, you may be fine and almost perfect, you may be flat and slow, you may have strange rocks and dense clouds of pines and cypresses. As far as it is concerned, the old trees are towering, the withered branches are bending, the gate is bleak, and the palace is towering. It is a dangerous Pavilion high and a bridal chamber according to the niche. Looking down at the corner of the city, it is covered with blue water. Secondly, in the north, the valley is deep and deep, while in the upper, the mountains are towering and standing upright. There are rocks and dangerous obstacles, and the paths are blocked. There are many loops, and there are deep caves. (records of sun Zhenren temple in Wutai Mountain). "Up and down in the meantime, relaxed and happy, floating, if left to the world and independent.". (the story of rebuilding the Jade Emperor's Palace).

Palace

Qitiantai, the most outstanding, is higher than the peaks. Baoyun Temple of Tang Dynasty, Chongfu Temple of Song Dynasty and Yuhuang Hall of Ming Dynasty are all on it. In ruiyingtai, there was Xuandi temple in Ming Dynasty and Zhenwu hall in Qing Dynasty. Qiyuntai, commonly known as sun Zhenren's medicine drying field, used to be a famous Taoist temple in the Yuan Dynasty, the tomb of qingranzi's Guanlu, the public Tomb of Yunnan soldiers of the Jingguo army in the Republic of China, and the memorial tablet of national war. Today, the historical sites in Santai are completely destroyed. Except for the National Monument, which was moved to beidong, only the monument of "clear son with respect to the teacher's epitaph" in Yuntai is left.

Nanan shengxiantai is the earliest temple in memory of sun Zhenren. In front of the temple is Wenchang Pavilion (kuixinglou and baizilou), which was founded in the early Qing Dynasty. It is magnificent and open, about 15 meters high. When you climb on it, you can see the precipitous and picturesque city. There are old statues of "Kuixing diandou" and "Baizi Bodhisattva" in the pavilion. You are the Mountain Gate of Jingming palace. In front of the gate, it is said that Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty was the king of mountain climbing. In the gate of the mountain, there used to be the old man Ziyun's book "the imperial edict of Tang granted Jingming Temple", and Zuo Peili, a native of the city, changed the title "the imperial edict of Tang built Jingming Palace". Wenchang Pavilion for the theater, the old instrument door two Ying, in the court. On both sides of the opera tower, there was also a temple, with Mawang temple in the East and Longwang temple in the West. Today, except for the theater, there are no others. From the theater to the north is Xuanyuan hall and the temple of four emperors and two empresses. According to the records of Yaozhou annals, Wutai Mountain annals, there is a platform for worshiping real people in front of Xuanyuan hall, which was granted the platform for worshiping real people in Tang Dynasty. Eight sides of the platform are built with aragonite and planted with trifoliate. There are also five ancient cypresses, Meiwu and Zhuanwen, which are all hand planted by human beings. In Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty, a bell tower was built in front of the hall. In 1925, when it was rebuilt, the two halls were combined into one hall, commonly known as the Qijian hall. There is no bell tower and Meiwu, but only one big bell and a cypress planted by the king of medicine; only one piece of octagonal stone is left in Baizhen terrace.

After Xuanyuan hall is Miaoying immortal hall, the west is Zuo palace, and the East is bedroom palace. In the palace there is a large mural painted with gold ornaments of the Yuan Dynasty, the picture of emperor and empress walking Buddha. Although it is incomplete, the color is still gorgeous and the characters are lifelike. There are Sanqing palace, Zhenren's parents hall, Wuzu hall, Yangsi general temple, fudanzi temple, Sanyi hall, Changmei hall, Fuhu temple and so on. In the east courtyard, there are Chongzhen temple and lvzhenren hall. The former is dedicated to lvzhongdao, while the latter to Li Suzhou, Han Yumian and Jiao Derun. In addition, the lower courtyard of Jingming Palace used to have a nunnery for Princess Tang Zhaoyang, where she was also buried after her death, known as "Laogu tomb". Except for Miaoying immortal seat palace and bedroom palace, there are no others.

Xianhuatai (North cave) faces shengxiantai (South nunnery) across the stream. Jingming palace out of the north gate and down the steps, pedaling twists and turns, loop several times, until the foothills. There is a theater in front of the cliff. In front of the theater is Tongyuan bridge, which connects with beidong. After crossing the bridge, you enter the stone gate of "Qingxu heaven". After climbing up the stairs, you will arrive at the Tianmen gate of Yaowang hall. The plaque reads "dragon and tiger". In front of the gate stands a pair of iron flagpoles, each weighing 15000 Jin, about 10 Zhang high. The door is built into a rolling hole with huge stones. It rises up against the cliff. It's majestic. You can't look up to it. There is a lingxu Pavilion on the top, which can be viewed from afar with a view of the mountains on three sides.

The hall of the king of medicine, in the gate of one day, is a pavilion like hall of offering, also known as the pavilion of offering. It is carved with beams and painted with golden thread and vermilion paint, exquisite and magnificent. At the back of the pavilion is the memorial hall for the king of medicine. In the middle of the hall is a sitting statue of Sun Simiao, the king of medicine in the Ming Dynasty. It is about three meters high, with a Confucian crown robe and scarf. It is warm, dignified and respectful. The right rear of the statue is taixuan cave. It is said that "a dragon has a disease, which can be cured by a real person.". After the healing, the Dragon passes through this cave to reach Tongguan (now the back cave of Huangbao in Tongchuan City), which can be forty or fifty Li. ". Therefore, there is still a folk saying that "the front cave burns incense, and the back cave smokes".

The top floor of Yaowang temple was originally called yuhuanglou. In the east of the building is the Bell Pavilion, in the East is the hall of three mages, and in the south is the hall of three officials. On the opposite side of the hall of medicine King worship is the hall of ten famous doctors, with statues of Qibo, Leigong, bianque, Canggong, Huatuo, Zhangzhongjing, huangfumi, wangshuhe, Gehong and taohongjing sitting in it. There was an old hall for sun Zhenren's parents in the east courtyard of the hall, which was destroyed in the "Cultural Revolution". In 1989, the new medicine King medical ethics stele 11 passed here.

Wenchang Pavilion, earth temple, fire temple and medicine washing pool are located on the west side of the hall. Two pools of cliff chisel, left circle right, a question "shipenxian trace", a question "the first mountain in the world". "Wutai Mountain records" says: "it is said that real people wash medicine here. Every rain pool is full, and cypress seeds and leaves are soaked in it. The water is green and sweet. People can say that they are sick, and they can see clearly. Today, everyone who travels in the mountains drinks it. Zuo Sizhong, a native of the Ming Dynasty, has a saying in the song of the Xiyao pool: "in the west of the Taiyuan cave, there are two stone basins, with deep spiritual roots pressing on the thick earth."

Chinese PinYin : Yao Wang Shan