Haiguang Temple

Haiguang Temple

Haiguang temple in Tianjin was once a famous temple in Tianjin and a tourist attraction. It was built in 1705 in the 44th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. It was built on the east side of Guandao, Sanli away from the South Gate of the old city of Tianjin (northeast of the intersection of Nanjing Road and nanmenwai street in Heping District, east of nanmenwai street, south of Duolun Road, west of Wanquan Road, north of Nanjing Road). In the eighth year of Xianfeng (May 20, 1858), the British and French allied forces invaded Tianjin and forced the Qing government to sign the Treaty of Tianjin in the main hall of haiguang temple. Haiguang temple was transferred to Tianjin Japanese concession in 1898.

In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), haiguang temple was destroyed by the gunfire of the eight countries. Then the Japanese invaders occupied and built barracks on the ruins. In 1903, he became the headquarters of the North China garrison of Japan, and the Japanese military Tianjin gendarmerie was also stationed here, where the Japanese aggressors planned a plot to invade China.

Construction history

Emperor's inscription

In the early Qing Dynasty, the official roads outside the South Gate of Tianjin city were lined with rivers and ponds, which had the southern style of Zeguo. One of the Eight Sights of Tianjin in Ming Dynasty was "Dingnan Hefeng".

In 1705, an eminent monk named Cheng Heng built a temple on the east side of the official road three li away from the south gate, named Putuo temple. Because the surrounding terrain is vast, Putuo temple is particularly Xuanang, so here incense is very popular, famous for a time. In 1719, Emperor Kangxi toured the South and stayed in Tianjin. Cheng Heng, a monk who worked in poetry and painting, welcomed him in Xidian. Kangxi Xinghui to, then granted Putuo Temple name sea

Guangsi. He not only wrote a plaque, but also gave haiguang Temple Two couplets, one is "xiangta fish mountain, Yanshui waterfront of Zen hall"; the other is "water and moon should be empty, and the ceiling should be scattered with star reflecting niches".

Build on a large scale

If there is something good in the top, there will be something good in the bottom. The favor of the emperor really brought good luck to haiguang temple, so that officials and businessmen donated money to repair and expand haiguang temple on a large scale. After expansion, haiguang temple not only has a large temple, but also has two canals built half a mile around the temple, which are the inner and outer rivers of haiguang temple. The inner river is five to eight feet wide and six feet deep, while the outer river is two to four feet wide and five feet deep, with thousands of willows planted around it. The two canals lead to Chenghao in the north, hejiakou in the southeast, and a sluice in the south to draw the tide from the Haihe River. Xiping bridge was built in the north of the temple. Among the "ten sceneries of Jinmen" at that time, the so-called "snow covered Pingqiao" was here. Nanping bridge is built in the south of the temple to connect more than 100 surrounding villages and towns. At the northwest corner of the temple, there is Tongguan road under the bridge. At the end of the bridge, there are several rafters in the thatched cottage. At the south of the bridge, there are green poplars on the bank, which set off the red lotus. There are few tourists in spring and summer. Therefore, the bridge is called Huanxi bridge, which is also a famous scenic area. In addition, it is well known that there is an unimpeded bridge above the ring canal. According to legend, grapes were planted all over haiguang temple at that time, so it was also called grape temple.

Records of haiguang Temple

In the 43rd year of Kangxi (1704), the Ministry of household approved that lanli, a Tianjin general officer and Fujian man at that time, reclaimed paddy fields along the coast of Tianjin. However, lanli was located in the south of haiguang temple, with more than 200 hectares of kaiweitian and tens of miles of polder bank circumference. It led the water from Haozhi, a city in the southwest of Tianjin city, to xieheihai River in hejiakou in the East, which was used for drainage and irrigation. Weitian is divided into two big circles, East and West. There are ten farmers in Fujian and Zhejiang. They are divided into different classes. They are limited in years and tend to study. They are born in Litian. They take the surnames of the people who lead the reclamation as the circle names, such as huajiaquan and xujiaquan (one day xuhuquan, and one day Yiyin is Xihu Village). In each field, there are four water Wagons: East shed and West shed are built to push the horses of the water wagons. "Drought means irrigation twice a day without overflow, and waterlogging means bailing all day without shallowing.". "When you put it in, it's spread all over the field, and you can hear the sound of the bucket. There are three or four stones per mu. New cool after rain, paddy field desert, people known as "small Jiangnan", also known as Lantian. At that time, Lan Li asked the monk Xiangnan to preside over haiguang temple and the reclamation of farmland outside the temple. Xiangnan also wrote "records of haiguang Temple" on this occasion, but it's no longer handed down.

Imperial script plaque

After Gao zonghongli succeeded to the throne, he followed his grandfather's footsteps and made many tours to the south. In 1736, he passed by Tianjin and wrote a plaque for the emperor of haiguang temple. After that, the emperor, who was fond of writing and writing, wrote in his own handwriting for haiguang temple the "wisdom mirror of the gate" in the main hall, the couplet of the main hall "Jue an is as bright as the moon, the flow of Dharma is as free as the moon, the color is not empty"; the couplet of Yu Shu Lou "the fragrance of spring things contains wisdom, and the famous birds are like people's smell and think"; the couplet of Da Shi Lou "the heart is constant when there is no wave, and the light and sky are always in harmony"; the couplet of the back floor "the mirror is shining", the couplet of the back floor "the mirror is shining" Lou Lian "happy Bai Hao Guang Miao Ming seal, solemn perfume Haian hidden together with ginseng". Haiguang temple is more famous because of this, and there are some eminent monks stationed in it from time to time.

In 1767, Emperor Qianlong had a military parade in front of haiguang temple, including poems about haiguang temple and YUEWU. At that time, Fu kang'an, the assistant bachelor and governor of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, successfully suppressed Taiwan's Lin shuangwen uprising. Qianlong ordered Lin shuangwen, he Youzhi, Chen Cen and Lin Cen, the leaders of the rebel army, to be sent to Tianjin and interrogated in person outside the Xinggong. Finally, he Youzhi, the leader of the rebel army, was executed by Da Xing zhe (splitting the body), and Lin shuangwen was shown to the public. As a result, Emperor Qianlong was worried about the rule of the Qing Dynasty, so in his poem YUEWU, there was a sentence that "dare to have a peaceful atmosphere in Japan, and guard against peace and righteousness". Emperor Qianlong wrote haiguang temple in 1770. In 1788, Nianxiang haiguang Temple wrote the poem "haiguang Temple". These poems were all carved in haiguang temple for commemoration.

Suffer misfortune

It was the second Opium War and the invasion of China by the Allied forces of the eight countries that brought humiliation, destruction and even doom to this scenic Buddhist resort.

In 1856, the British attacked Guangzhou on the pretext of the arrow incident. The following year, under the pretext of the incident of Reverend Ma, France formed a coalition with Britain to invade China. With Erjin and gro as the plenipotentiaries of Britain and France, France led the Navy and army to Hong Kong. At this time, the United States and Russia also declared their support for the British and French invasion of China. Soon after Guangzhou was captured by the British and French forces, the envoys of the four countries went north together and arrived outside Dagukou in April 1858. On May 20, the British and French allied forces captured Dagu fort, and the Qing army was defeated. The Allied warships sailed on the coastal river. On May 26, they reached the East floating bridge and occupied the area of sanchahekou. The Qing army camped outside haiguang temple. Emperor Xianfeng was shocked and deeply afraid that Tianjin would repeat the mistakes of the Opium War. He thought that if Britain and France "take Dagu as Hong Kong and Tianjin as Guangzhou, how can they drive them away?" so he quickly sent Shi Guiliang of the University and Shang Shuhua of the Ministry of officials to Tianjin to investigate.

After arriving in Tianjin, Guiliang and huashana saw that haiguang temple was magnificent in architecture, well-equipped, and surrounded by Qing troops. They decided to have a banquet at the back of haiguang Temple downstairs on June 5. The British minister said, "with three tables in the north, two tables in the East and two tables in the west, red carpet on the ground, fresh food and wine." On June 7, French and Russian envoys were given a banquet at haiguang temple, and on June 8, American envoys were given a banquet at haiguang temple. At that time, because Russia and the United States were eager to get benefits, the treaty was soon agreed. However, Britain and France, relying on their great forces, tried to coerce and were extremely arrogant. Even outside the negotiation, they went to Guiliang and huashana's residence and came up with 56 articles of the treaty. They were forced to agree. "Pride and cruelty are obvious to all. There is nothing to discuss, that is to say, not a word can make it easier. ".

After nearly a month's negotiations at haiguang temple, the British envoy Erjin did not give up. Moreover, he "forced the negotiation to be approved, and his face was fierce". Erjin even threatened that "if there is no more certainty, we can only lead the troops to the north.". Guiliang and huashana were really intimidated by the threats from Britain and France. They claimed to be "exhausted" and put forward "five no battles". They asked emperor Xianfeng to "avoid the heavy and take the light" in the face of the two evils, and to "comply with the power" to invade the four countries.

On June 26, the Sino British Treaty of Tianjin was signed in haiguang temple. The British envoy Erjin was very proud. When he came to haiguang temple, he competed to "take 30 sedan cars, lead 500 or 600 soldiers, each armed with guns and swords, and wear the same armor.". There were also dozens of foreign officials who came with drumming and music and filled the temple. " The next day, the Sino French Treaty of Tianjin was signed, and French envoy gro "led more than 200 soldiers, followed dozens of foreign officials, and came with drumming." "It was very late when I came back to the museum. I held more than a hundred torches along the road and walked in the light." The Tianjin treaty between China and Russia and the Tianjin treaty between China and the United States were signed on June 13 and 18, respectively. It should be said that since then, haiguang temple has become a witness of the humiliation suffered by the country and the nation in the modern history of China. Therefore, haiguang temple has gained its full name - contract signing temple.

In 1860, the British and French allied forces again captured Dagu and occupied Tianjin city. The Allied forces set up the North Camp in Wanghai temple, Hebei Province, and the South Camp in chengnanhai Guangsi, and once detained Tianjin magistrate Shi zanqing in haiguang temple. This is the first time haiguang temple has been occupied by foreign invaders. It was in 1861 that the Allied forces withdrew from haiguang Temple because of the signing of the Treaty of Beijing and the opening of Tianjin.

After the second Opium War, the Qing government began to pay attention to the modernization of national defense and strengthen the defense of Kinki. It decided to purchase foreign weapons and machines and set up a bureau in Tianjin to manufacture them. In 1867, Chonghou, the Minister of Commerce of three people, was in the Jia family, 18 Li East of Tianjin

Chinese PinYin : Hai Guang Si