Wonderful auspicious room

Wonderful auspicious room

At the junction of Haizhu middle road and HuiFu West Road in Guangzhou, there is an old style arcade named miaojiang room.

It is a three story building made of green bricks and stone strips. Founded in the period of the Republic of China, it has been nearly 100 years. The Manchu people in Guangzhou commonly call it Guanyin building. "Guangzhou Manchu history and Culture Research Association" is in this building.

survey

Now, the Manchu in Guangzhou

Most people live near Haizhu Middle Road, HuiFu West Road, Guangta road and Zhongshan sixth road. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there were 140000 Manchu, Han and Mongolian flag soldiers, including less than 60000 Manchu. At that time, those who conquered the whole territory of the Ming Dynasty and became the pioneers of the king were actually the soldiers who were recruited and collectively called "green camp" after entering the pass. In 1650, Shang Kexi entered Guangdong. His army consisted of 7000 green soldiers and 3000 natural soldiers, all of whom were Han Chinese. After Guangdong was conquered, the green battalion troops were stationed in all parts of the province, and the Tianzhu troops were stationed in Guangzhou. Later, the "San Francisco rebellion" subsided. As an aftertreatment, the Qing government abolished Tianzhu soldiers in 1681, and transferred 3000 flag soldiers from Beijing to Guangzhou. This army, like tianzhubing, was all Han nationality in Eastern Liaoning. It was because the world had not yet been settled and the Eight Banners could not be dispatched. In the heyday of the 20th year of Qianlong (1755), the imperial court once again abolished half of the original garrison in Guangzhou, and then transferred 1500 Manchu eight banners from Beijing to fill the vacancy. These troops and their families are the immediate ancestors of the Manchu people in Guangzhou.

There is no unified religious belief in Manchu. The ancestors of Manchu once believed in Shamanism, and most of them later believed in Buddhism and Guanyin. The Manchu in Guangzhou basically believe in Guanyin. It is said that in 1652, the fifth Dalai Lama led 3000 followers to Beijing to make a pilgrimage to Emperor Shunzhi and accept the golden seal of the central government. At that time, he presented Shunzhi with rich and valuable gifts, one of which was Guanyin statue. The Manchu ancestors came to Guangdong for garrison in 1756 (the 21st year of Qianlong). When they left Beijing, the Emperor Qianlong gave the fifth Dalai Lama a gilded wooden statue of Guanyin. According to word of mouth, the Manchu people in Guangzhou said that on the eve of the Ministry's coming to the south, Emperor Qianlong personally gave a statue of Guanyin, which was made in Tibet, to wish good luck. They came to Yangcheng garrison with Avalokitesvara on their backs, and built the "Wanshan Palace" in the South courtyard of the former "Mengjue nunnery" (today's Avalokitesvara) in Dashi Street (today's HuiFu Road), where they were stationed in Zhenghong banner, to worship the Avalokitesvara.

The origin of "wonderful auspicious room"

In 1635, Huang Taiji changed the family name of the empress of the later Jin Dynasty to "Manzhu" and later to "Manzhou". There is such a textual research in the origin and development of Manchuria written by Emperor Qianlong: "based on the national records, Manchuria was made into Manzhu. In my dynasty, the eastern land was enlightened, and every year I offered a book to Tibet, which was called Manzhu Shili emperor. Manzhu is a wonderful and auspicious Chinese word "Manzhu" and "Manzhu" in the Danshu presented by the fifth Dalai Lama during his pilgrimage to Beijing in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652) of the Qing Dynasty are homonymous (in Tibetan Buddhism), which is translated by the Han nationality as "miaojiang", that is, "Manzhou". "Miaojiang" is actually another name of Manchu. When Premier Zhou Enlai met with Puyi and PuJie in 1961, he said: "after the revolution of 1911, the Northern Warlords and the Kuomintang reactionary government discriminated against Manchu, and Manchu people did not dare to admit that they were Manchu." The title of "Miao Ji Xiang Shi" shows the good intentions of the Manchu "Da Ye" (the upper generation men of the Manchu people in Guangzhou are known as "Da Ye").

Why is this building named after the Chinese translation of Tibetan Buddhism? This is related to a rather sensational "Qi Chan lawsuit" in the Republic of China. "Guanyin building" was originally named "Wanshan Palace", and it was renamed "Wanshan Temple" in Xianfeng years. After several ups and downs, the address has not changed. Today it looks like the old one after it was rebuilt in 1935. Guanyinlou was originally owned by eight banners and was treated as public property after the revolution of 1911. The monk who was employed to preside over the incense ceremony went through the transfer procedures without permission by taking advantage of the opportunity of public property and temple clearing, and was taken as private property. The Manchu people appealed to the law, and the court sentenced the Guanyin building to be collectively owned by the Manchu people in Guangzhou. In 1935, it was rebuilt and renamed "miaojiang room".

Related records

Why build Guanyin building at the intersection of HuiFu West Road and Haizhu middle road? First, the eight banners of the Manchu and Han Dynasties were stationed in the hinterland of today's Yuexiu District, with HuiFu West Road and Haizhu middle road as the densest places. For example, there are two sites: Manchuria Zhenghong banner is mainly located in qizhurong, and zhenghuang banner is mainly located in Baiwei street. Moreover, these two banners are located in qizhurong, which is more convenient. The second is to worship the statue of Avalokitesvara. In addition to political factors, there are also religious factors. The Manchu people respect Buddhism after entering the pass, and this place is within the scope of Mengjue nunnery. The predecessor of Mengjue temple is RenWang temple. It was built in the Tang Dynasty and destroyed in the late Ming Dynasty. In the early period of Guangdong Province, his partner King Jingnan built a new Mengjue temple on the site of RenWang temple, which is a thousand year old Buddhist foundation and a blessed place. Mengjue nunnery covers a large area. The main building is in shangguoli, now Haizhu middle road. Guanyin building is located in its south courtyard, facing huifuli, which is full of immortals.

According to the table of monasteries made by a local chronicle of this port, the building was built in the Xianfeng Period, that is, in the 1850s. Among the Manchu people all over the country, only those in Guangzhou have ancestral halls. There are eight Manchu ancestral halls in Guangzhou. Today, the ancestral hall of the Eight Banners has disappeared. However, after the revolution of 1911, the Manchu donated money to change the brick and tile wooden building into a concrete two-story building, which was rebuilt and completed in December 1935 and renamed "miaojiang room" until now. On September 17, 1984, "miaojiang room" was taken as the site of "Guangzhou Manchu historical and Cultural Research Association", and the stone tablet of "rebuilding Guanyin tower to build miaojiang room" was specially carved, which is still in use today. Therefore, today's "Miao Ji Xiang room" has become the only "family temple" of Manchu in Guangzhou.

According to the current memories of Manchu people, most people have no chance to see the statue of Guanyin of Emperor Qianlong, but some people still remember that there is a small releasing pool in the Guanyin building, with a big turtle lying in the shallow water. For decades, the great tortoise has passed away, and no trace of it has been found. On the second floor, there are also images of Manchu ancestors, Manchu and Han calligraphy, simple acid chair, etc., as well as the stone tablet of "rebuilding Guanyin tower to build a wonderful auspicious room". The staff of Guangzhou Manchu history and Culture Research Association carefully studied the history and culture of Manchu in Guangzhou.

Householder

Deng Tingzhen, Jiang zhirang and Zhu Kuizhi in Qing Dynasty

Etymology

Wu Songliang of the Qing Dynasty wrote a preface to the poems of the wonderful auspicious chamber: "I not only assigned the poems of my deceased friend Jiang Jun to Xiuyu, but my younger brother's teacher retired, and I wrote in a Book:" there are many poems about my elder brother, and you are the best I wish you would set his poems first. " (see volume 61, Volume B of qingwenhui)

Miao Jixiang room refers to the room names of Deng Tingzhen, Jiang zhirang and Zhu Kui in the Qing Dynasty. Jiang has a collection of wonderful auspicious poems, and Zhu has a collection of poems and essays of wonderful auspicious room. Miaojiang, the name of Buddhist Bodhisattva, is Manjusri Shili. Wonderful is the supreme wisdom of the Buddha; auspicious is the virtue of all, or the wonderful virtue, or the wonderful sound. (see volume 1 of darijing Shu) volume 8 of Xindi guanjing: "three generations feel that mother is wonderful and auspicious."

Address: 123 Haizhu Middle Road (near HuiFu West Road)

Longitude: 113.2563

Latitude: 23.12007

Chinese PinYin : Miao Ji Xiang Shi