Longevity Road

Longevity Road

Changshou Road, formerly known as Robison Road, was built in 1900. Before the end of the 19th century, it was a farmland in the western suburb of Shanghai. In 1899, Shanghai's public concession was expanded on a large scale, and it was included in the concession. In 1900, the Shanghai public concession industry bureau built this road, of which the west section of Jiaozhou Road has extended beyond the boundary, belonging to cross-border road construction. At that time, a large area of old style lane houses were built along the road, with a high proportion of workers among the residents. It was once the birthplace of the workers' movement in Shanghai. Today's Changshou Road starts from Changshou Road Bridge of Suzhou River in the East, passes through Changhua Road, Jiangning Road, Shaanxi North Road, Xikang Road, Changde Road, Jiaozhou Road, Yejiazhai Road, Anyuan Road, Wuning Road and South Wuning Road, and ends at Wanhangdu Road and Wanhangdu Houlu (connecting Changning Road) in the southwest. With a total length of 3.14 km, it is a main road in the West District of Shanghai.

Brief overview

It was named after the British consuls in Shanghai, Xiamen and Guangzhou in the 19th century. Soon after, a large number of Japanese funded textile enterprises set up factories along the Suzhou river nearby. At the same time, large areas of old style lane houses were quickly built along the road, with a high proportion of workers among the residents. Therefore, it was the birthplace of many workers' movements in Shanghai. Due to the concentration of population, many small shops have been set up along the road. In 1922, a memorial tower of Chuancun village was built in the middle of the intersection of laobosheng road and xiaoshadu Road (now Xikang Road) by Japanese cotton companies. A big self ringing bell was embedded on the top of the tower, which was quite eye-catching in large areas of workers' residential areas. Therefore, the big self ringing bell became the general name of the area near the intersection of laobosheng road and xiaoshadu road. In 1925, asphalt surface treatment was carried out on the section from jisifeier road to Gordon Road. In 1943, Wang Jingwei government took back the Shanghai public concession and changed the name of the road from Changshou County in Sichuan Province (now Changshou District in Chongqing) to Changshou Road.

Historical evolution

At the end of the 19th century, the public concession extended westward to the xiaoshadu area of Suzhou River. Since 1900, it has been built by the Ministry of public concession industry. It starts from the vicinity of Guangzhao ferry of Suzhou River in the East and ends at jisifeier Road (now Wanhangdu Road) of Caojiadu in the West. The road section to the west of Jiaozhou intersection is built across the boundary. It was named after Robison, the British Consul in Xiamen, Shanghai and Guangzhou in the 19th century. In 1943, it was renamed Changshou County in Sichuan Province. In 1953, guangzhaodu was removed from the east end and Changshou Road bridge was built to connect Guangzhao Road (today's Muxi Road). Before Changshou Road was built, there was a rural scene. After the road was built, foreign businessmen and national capitalists set up factories along the road and nearby. There are 19 foreign businesses, including British Bailey's candle factory (later Shanghai deceleration Machinery Factory), Jiangsu pharmaceutical factory, public welfare yarn factory (later Shanghai No.7 wool textile factory), American strange Andy Electric Company (later Shanghai light bulb factory), American light match factory, German dahuali sanitary food factory, Norwegian Scandinavian brewery (later Shanghai brewery), especially Japanese business There are many textile factories, such as inner and outer cotton factories and Rihua factories. Chinese businessmen include Puyi yarn mill, Tongyi yarn mill, Fufeng flour mill, Fuxin flour mill, Shenxin No.2 Textile mill, Shenxin No.9 textile mill, Meiya silk weaving mill, Zhonghua printing mill, Huiming flashlight mill, Yonghe rubber mill, Huasheng Electric Appliance Factory, Yinfeng wool textile mill, etc. Xiaoshadu Road (now Xikang Road) has gradually become a place where textile industry is concentrated.

With the rise of industry, the number of industrial workers has soared, with 26700 workers in 26 foreign-funded enterprises. The workers were deeply oppressed by imperialist powers, feudal warlords and bureaucrat compradors and were full of revolutionary spirit. Under the influence of the May 4th movement, they began to wake up politically. On June 5, 1919, the workers of the No.5 cotton factory (later the No.2 cotton factory) held high the banner of anti imperialism and patriotism, took the lead in strike, and chanted "fight for sovereignty outside and eliminate national thieves inside!" And other slogans, quickly set off a wave of strikes in the city. In the autumn of 1920, the Shanghai Communist group sent members to jinxiuli in xiaoshadu area to set up a workers' school and carry out the workers' movement. Deng Zhongxia, a communist, said in his book a brief history of the Chinese workers' movement that Shanghai's xiaoshadu and Beijing's Changxindian were the starting points for the Communist Party of China to carry out the workers' movement. In September 1924, Deng Zhongxia and Xiang Ying established Huxi worker's club, an early working class organization in xiaoshadu area. In January 1925, the Huxi branch of the CPC was established. In February of the same year, in order to oppose the Japanese businessmen's arbitrary beating, scolding and dismissal, the workers of 11 cotton mills, including No. 8 cotton mills inside and outside Japan, took the lead in carrying out a strike, which immediately expanded to 22 Japanese cotton mills in the whole city. The strike forced the Japanese businessmen to agree to some of the conditions put forward by the workers, which is known as the "February alliance strike". In May of that year, Gu Zhenghong, a worker and Communist of the seventh cotton factory inside and outside Japan, led the workers who asked to go to work to rush into the factory in order to oppose the Japanese business shutdown plot. He was shot and killed by the Japanese team, which became the fuse of the May 30th anti imperialist movement. During the northern expedition, the workers took part in the armed uprising of workers in Shanghai three times. Changshou Road became the way for the uprising. They conquered the police station of Caojiadu District 6 to the west, and then to the East. They defeated the police station of Zhabei District 4 and joined with other uprising teams. Finally, they won. Chen Jun and Chen Liang, students of Daxia University, were killed on the spot by warlords when they preached in Caojiadu. Seven members of the workers' picket team in Western Shanghai died in the battle. In 1932, on this road, an anti Japanese strike was held to support the 19th Route Army in resisting Japan. At that time, it was known as "red Huxi". In order to oppose the Songhu armistice agreement signed by the national government and Japan and turn Shanghai into a free city, the Jiangsu provincial Party committee of the Communist Party of China launched more than 80 groups, including the Shanghai anti imperialist alliance, to hold a rally on the stage of the Western Shanghai Communist Party at the Jiaozhou intersection of Changshou Road, which was suppressed by the national government. 95 people were arrested and 13 were executed by gunshot, which is known as the "stage massacre of the Western Shanghai Communist Party". On the eve of the victory of the Anti Japanese War, an underground army was organized here to cooperate with the New Fourth Army to liberate Shanghai. On February 2, 1948, the workers of Shenxin No.9 factory went on strike for better treatment, which was suppressed by the Kuomintang army and police. Among the workers, three were killed, more than 40 were seriously injured, and 236 were arrested, which shocked the whole city. When Shanghai was about to be liberated, under the leadership of the underground Party of the Communist Party of China, it organized the workers' picket team and the people's security team to extensively carry out the struggle of protecting factories, shops and schools to meet the liberation.

With the increase of factories, since the 1920s, many old Li workshops have appeared in Changshou Road, including Yanghe village, Tongyi Li, Jiuru Li, Yong'an Li, Yuqing Li, Hongshou Fang, daxuli (Changshou Li), caishilong, Fuyuan Li, Meifang Li, Yinghua Li (Xinhua Li), Delong Fang, fushenli, etc. Most of the buildings are of brick and wood structure, with two storeys of Shikumen type, which are closely arranged and without sanitary and gas facilities. There are also many shantytowns nearby, and the larger one is yaoshuinong. At the end of the 19th century, a lime kiln was set up in the west of xiaoshadu. Local residents called this area a lime kiln. In the 33rd year of Guangxu reign of the Qing Dynasty (1907), the Jiangsu liquid medicine factory, which made tri acid, was moved here by the British merchant Meicha company. The development of industry in this area has attracted a large number of farmers from Jiangsu, Anhui and Shandong to make a living here. They built shanty houses around them and formed narrow alleys with dense residents. At this time, because the lime kiln was closed, the residents renamed this area as yaoshuinong. In the early days of the Anti Japanese War, a large number of residents in Zhabei and Hongkou areas, which belong to the concession area, moved into nongnei one after another, which doubled the number of residents and expanded the area day by day. On the eve of liberation, there were more than 4000 thatched cottages with a population of nearly 160000. It was one of the largest shantytowns in Shanghai. There are no water and electricity facilities in yaoshuinong. The residents drink Suzhou River and light lamps with soybean oil and kerosene, which often leads to fires. The roads are muddy, there are no sewers, and there are rubbish and stinky puddles everywhere. Diseases often occur. The mortality rate of residents is very high, and many hooligans and bullies endanger the neighborhood. Among the residents, there has been a long-standing saying: "it's not safe to have a clear draft, to light a light, to walk unevenly, and to go out!" And ballads like "I'd rather stay in prison for three years than live in a lime kiln". During the occupation period of the Japanese aggressors, on March 5, 1942, three Japanese were killed nearby, so the Japanese aggressors blocked the potion layer upon layer for half a month. During the blockade period, about 200 people died of starvation, death and death. Hooligans and bullies not only oppress local residents, but also collude with bandits to do bad things. In 1946, Rong Desheng, a textile and flour capitalist, was kidnapped by bandits and hid in a Shikumen Pavilion at No. 100, Laogong Yili, Lane 13, fanhuangdu Houlu (today's Wanhangdu Houlu), where Fu Senli, Lane 1058, Changshou Road, was located. After that, it was the workshop of Shanghai No.7 wool spinning factory.

After the liberation of yuanyaoshuinong, the people's government gradually improved the living and living conditions of the residents. In July 1985, the renovation project of yaoshuinong was started. After ten years of hard work, the renovation project was completed in 1995. A number of new buildings were built and named Changshou new village. In 1992, Deng Xiaoping accelerated the pace of reform and opening up after the speech of inspecting the South was published. On July 7 of the same year, the first piece of land in Putuo District at Xikang intersection of Changshou Road was leased for the construction of Victoria Plaza (now named Victoria Plaza). Since then, there have been many land leases for the construction of commercial and residential buildings. In October 1996, according to the city's plan, Changshou Road widening project started, a large number of old buildings were demolished, 2412 residents and 205 enterprises and institutions were relocated, and dozens of new residential buildings were built, including Zhiyin garden, Yangguang Xinyuan, Da'an garden, Western Junguo, shangqingjia garden, Qiushui Yunlu, Guangming city apartment and music square, which completely changed the living environment and city appearance

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Shou Lu