Haizhu Bridge

Haizhu Bridge

Haizhu bridge is a river crossing channel in Haizhu District and Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. It crosses the Pearl River system. It is one of the earliest central axis components in Guangzhou, the first steel structure open close bridge in China, and one of the "Eight Sights of Yangcheng" in 1963

North south traffic arteries in the urban area

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Haizhu bridge was built in December 1932 and completed on February 15, 1933

Reconstruction on March 25, 1950; maintenance on May 1995, February 28, 2012 and August 3, 2019.

Haizhu bridge is 356.67m long and the main bridge is 182.90m long. The north and South spans are symmetrically arranged. It was originally a three hole through simply supported steel truss bridge. The design load is two rows of 10t cars, and the middle span is an open structure, which can be separated upward to facilitate the passage of large ships.

Historical evolution

In December 1929, the construction of Haizhu bridge began.

On February 15, 1933, Haizhu bridge was completed and opened to traffic. It is the first river crossing bridge in Guangzhou, which was constructed by the American maketon company. At that time, it was called "Pearl River Railway Bridge"

. The bridge, 180 meters long and 18.3 meters wide, is a simply supported arch through steel truss beam. Haizhu bridge was the only bridge across the Pearl River in Guangzhou at that time. The old Haizhu bridge was an open and close bridge, which was convenient for ships to pass through. It is worth mentioning that when it was completed, the Haizhu bridge was signed by Hu Hanmin, who was once the chairman of the National Government.

In 1938, the Japanese invaders sent planes to bomb Guangzhou, which damaged the retractor of Haizhu bridge. After the Japanese occupied Guangzhou, they stole the whole set of equipment on the Haizhu bridge. From then on, the opening and closing part of the middle span of Haizhu bridge could not be repaired, and it was difficult for large ships to pass through, so they could only berth at Huangpu wharf. After construction, the opening and closing part of the middle deck can not be restored.

On the afternoon of October 14, 1949, when the Chinese people's Liberation Army was at the foot of the city, the Kuomintang used nearly 100 boxes of explosives to blow up the Haizhu bridge. The middle span steel beams sank, the north and South beams were broken, the piers were blown off, the broken iron, broken steel and cement bricks were scattered. More than 400 citizens were killed and injured, more than 100 civilian ships sank, and hundreds of houses were destroyed.

On March 25, 1950, the Guangzhou municipal government began to rebuild the Haizhu bridge, which was repaired by Zhuo guanpei, a technician of Hengyang Railway Administration Bureau. In November, Haizhu bridge was repaired and opened to traffic. The length of the bridge is 486 meters, the main bridge is 182 meters, and the width of the bridge is 33 meters. After reconstruction, the deck of Haizhu bridge can not be opened and closed. There are three lanes of traffic on the bridge, and there are footpaths and bicycle lanes on both sides. The appearance of the bridge is roughly similar to that of the original bridge

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In 1963, Haizhu bridge was selected as "Eight Sights of Yangcheng" in the name of "Zhuhai Danxin".

In December 1974, Haizhu Bridge started construction on both sides of the original bridge, and an additional 11 meter wide reinforced concrete structure bridge was built, making the old and new bridges independent and connected. The prestressed reinforced concrete structure bridge is widened by 11 meters on both sides of the original bridge, and the bridge span is consistent with the original bridge to form a new deck system. The bridge is 486 meters long, 182 meters long and 33 meters wide.

In 1988, the bicycle tide on Haizhu bridge was called "the Ninth Wonder in the world"

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From May 1995 to September 1996, Haizhu bridge was strengthened and maintained on the original bridge. The project adopts the scheme of self anchored sling, which transfers the dead load of the middle span to the sling, and the original bridge is changed into a three span continuous self anchored suspension bridge.

On February 28, 2012, the overhaul project of Haizhu bridge began, with a construction period of 18 months. In April, the deck of Haizhu bridge was demolished except for the sidewalks on both sides.

In January 2013, after the completion of the main bridge steel structure maintenance, Haizhu bridge began the maintenance of the approach bridge. In June, after the Haizhu bridge approach bridge was successfully hoisted, the maintenance of the whole approach bridge was completed

. On September 1, the main bridge and approach bridge of Haizhu bridge were opened

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From August 3 to September 5, 2019, vehicles are forbidden to pass through the whole section of Haizhu bridge, and the construction is totally closed

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Bridge location

Haizhu bridge is located in the center of Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. It crosses the Pearl River and runs in a north-south direction. It is adjacent to Yide road in Yuexiu District in the north and Jiangnan Avenue in Haizhu District in the south. It is between Jiefang Bridge and Jiangwan bridge. It used to be the only channel connecting Guangzhou, Henan and Hebei

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Bridge structure

building structure

Overall layout

Haizhu bridge is divided into main bridge, North approach bridge and south approach bridge

 

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Design features

The original Haizhu bridge is a three hole through simply supported steel truss bridge with symmetrical north and South spans; the reconstructed main bridge deck can not be opened and closed, with sidewalks and bicycle lanes on both sides; the span of the expanded Haizhu bridge is the same as that of the original bridge.

The longitudinal slope of the original main bridge is a 5-SECTION broken line slope, and the middle span section is a flat slope. The transition position between the middle span and side span, side span and approach bridge is provided with slope changing points. The length of the longitudinal slope is short, and the alignment is not smooth. In the reinforcement design, the longitudinal slope alignment of the main bridge is optimized. Taking the middle of the middle span as the vertex, a symmetrical longitudinal slope of 5% is set, and a vertical curve with a radius of 500m is set. There is no slope change point between the main bridge and the approach bridge, only slope change points are set on the approach bridges on both sides, so that the length of the longitudinal slope can meet the requirements and the comfort of vehicles on the bridge can be improved

 

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The steel beam of Haizhu bridge is a riveted steel truss structure. The main feature of its members is that there are many holes. The chord and web members of the main truss are connected by plug-in joints

 

. The main approach bridge is a reinforced concrete structure. The first and second spans near the main bridge are simply supported reinforced concrete T-beams with variable height. The other spans are simply supported integral reinforced concrete slabs. The span of the strengthened Haizhu area is the same as that of the main steel bridge. The main bridge of the side bridge is a variable cross-section prestressed box girder structure with double cantilevers and hanging beams. The North approach of the side bridge is a 7-hole reinforced concrete simply supported T-beam bridge, and the south approach is a 6-hole reinforced concrete simply supported T-beam bridge.

Design parameters

The original Haizhu bridge is 355 meters long and the main bridge is 182.9 meters long. The design load is two 100 kn cars. The reconstructed main bridge is 182.9 meters long and 3 lanes wide. After the expansion of Haizhu bridge, 7.83 meters wide prestressed reinforced concrete bridges are added on both sides of the original bridge, with a width of 37.56 meters

 

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The main span of Haizhu bridge is (67.79 + 49.10 + 67.79 = 184.68m)

 

It weighs 1298 tons; the bearing capacity of the bridge has been increased from 15 tons to 20 tons; the navigable height of the main bridge has been increased from 8.4 meters to 8.7 meters; the traffic clearance of the approach bridge across Binjiang Road and Yanjiang Road has been increased to 4.2 meters

 

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The span of the north bank is 7.0 meters, and that of the south bank is 11.2 meters. The span is 4.6m. The North approach bridge has 19 holes, with a total length of 91.6m, and the south approach bridge has 15 holes, with a total length of 82.2m.

In 1975, the East and west sides of Haizhu bridge were widened by 7.83m respectively. Together with the original steel bridge sidewalk, it was combined into 11.24m non motorized lane and sidewalk. The width of single deck was 11.26m. The span is 9.3m and the width of single deck is 8.4m.

Equipment and facilities

lighting

The lighting project of Haizhu bridge adopts energy-saving, environmental protection and long service life LED lights, and can set up three kinds of lighting effects of normal, ordinary festivals and major festivals

 

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Search for Visually Impaired

As of September 2013, blind roads have been added to the side bridge of Haizhu bridge

 

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Construction achievements

Technical problems

Construction difficulties

The planned construction period of Haizhu bridge is very urgent, and according to the requirements of bridge site and erection scheme, the whole section of mid span steel beam needs to be fabricated in the factory. Therefore, there are the following key points and difficulties in the production process:

1. Due to the complex connection relationship of truss structure, the precision control of connection hole group is one of the difficulties (including the precision control of riveting hole group of rod parts and connection hole group between rods);

2. The chord and web members of the main truss of the steel beam are connected by plug-in joints, and the geometric dimension control of the members is the key point;

3. Due to the limitation of construction period plan and site construction conditions of bridge site, the manufacturing accuracy and schedule control of the whole section of mid span steel beam are the key and difficult points;

4. The manufacturing technology of the whole section of the mid span steel beam is complex and difficult. At the same time, it is very important to select the appropriate manufacturing process according to the manufacturing site and equipment, which is the difficulty of the whole section manufacturing

 

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construction technique

1. Remove the main bridge deck system and cable suspension structure.

2. The mid span steel truss girder shall be removed with lifting hanger and transported to the designated location for storage. The side span steel truss girder longitudinal sliding way shall be laid on the deck of approach bridge, and the powerhouse and gantry crane shall be installed.

3. The steel truss girder on both sides is dragged to the approach bridge on both sides for maintenance and reinforcement, and the split double wall steel cofferdam is used for construction, so as to form a waterless environment at the pier position of the middle pier, and the pier is tested and reinforced.

4. After the pier is reinforced, the repaired side span steel truss beam is dragged back to the original bridge along the longitudinal direction of the bridge

Chinese PinYin : Hai Zhu Qiao